DESIGN OF SQUARE FOOTING

1) Square column of size 300mm x 300mm with reinforcement of 6# 25mm dia. and it is
subjected to load of 500kN. SBC of soil is 200kN/m2. Grade of steel is taken as Fe415 and clear
cover 50mm. Design Square footing for this column.

Assumed details:

Assumed details:

column size : 300mm x 300mm

reinforcement details : 6# 25mm dia.

Subjected load : 500kN

SBC of soil : 200kN/m2

Grade of steel : Fe415

clear cover : 50mm

Design :

 Determination of size of footing:

1. Dead load = 500 kN

2. Live load = 900 kN

Total load = 1400 kN

10 10
Self weight of footing = 𝑥 𝑃 = 𝑥 1400 = 140 kN.
100 100

Total load { WT } = 1400 + 140 = 1540 kN

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 1540
 Area of footing = 𝑆𝐵𝐶 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 200
= 7.7m2

L2 = 7.7 m2

L = 2.77 m, say 2.8 m

𝑞 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑
 Net upward pressure = 𝑠 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 =

1540
= 196.42 kN/m2
2.8 𝑥 2.8
  Determination of thickness / depth of footing,
2.8−0.3
a1 = a2 = = 1.25 m
2

 Moment @ critical section

𝑤𝑙𝑥𝑙 qs xqs2 196.42 𝑥 1.25 𝑥 1.25
1. Mxx = 2
= 2
= 2
= 153.45 kN-m

Mxx = Myy = 153.45 kN-m

 Depth of footing w.r.t. bending moment.

𝑀𝑢
d = √0.138 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏

√(230.17 𝑥 10^6)
=
(0.138 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏)

d = 288.78 mm

Assumed clear cover is 50mm and assume 20mm ∅ bars

.’. D = 288.78 + 50 + 20/2 = 348.78 mm, say 350 mm.

Determination of depth of footing w.r.t. shear considerations.

( D = 2 x depth w.r.t. bending moment to satisfy shear consideration )

.’. D = 2 x 350 = 700mm

.’. d = 700-50-20/2 = 640 mm

 Check for shear :-

a) Check for one way shear :

L1 = 1.25 – 0.64

= 0.61 m

Check for shear in 1-1 directon

.’. Vu = qs x l1 = 119.81 x 1.5 = 179.72 kN/m2

Actual shear stress

 𝑉𝑢 179.72 𝑥 1000
τc =𝑏𝑑 = 1000 𝑥 0.64
= 0.28 N/mm2

Pt1-1 = 0.16 %

b) Check for 2 way shear

L1 = b1 = 300 + 640/2 + 640/2 = 940mm

Perimeter = Po = 4l1 = 3760 mm

Punching shear force = 1.5 x qs [ (L)2 – (l1)2 ]

= 1.5 x 196.42 [ 2.82 – 0.32]

= 2283.38 kN

Actual shear = τv = Vu/bd = 2283 x 103 / (3760 x 640)

τv = 0.94 n/mm2

Permissible shear stress

τc)perm = ks x τc

ks = 0.5 + βc, βc = 300/300 = 1

ks = 0.5 + 1 = 1.5 > 1 …. Assume ksas 1

.’. τc = 0.25 x √𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.25 x √20 = 1.11 N/mm2

,’, τc)perm = 1 x 1.1 = 1.1 N/mm2

τc)perm > τc . . . . . . .’. The footing is safe.

 Reinforcement calculation w.r.t. shear.

𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mu)xx = 0.87 fy Ast d [1 − ]
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏 𝑑

Mu)xx = 1030.56 mm2

Ast)xx = Ast)yy = 1030.56 mm2

 Reinforcement w.r.t. shear.

0.16
Ast = Pt x A = 100 x 2.82 = 1024 mm2

Spacing of bars =
Spacing = 1000 x ast / Ast

= (1000 x π x 202/4) / 1030.56

Spacing = 304.84 mm

 Provide 20mm dia. bars at 300mm c/c in both directions.

 2) Square column of size 500mm x 500mm with reinforcement of 10# 25mm dia. and it is
subjected to live load of 1200kN and dead load of 800kn. SBC of soil is 350kN/m2. Grade of
steel is taken as Fe500 and clear cover 40mm. Design Square footing for this column.

Assumed details:

column size : 500mmx500mm

reinforcement details : 10#25mm

Subjected load : 200kn

SBC of soil : 350Kn/m2

Grade of steel : 500

clear cover : 40mm

Design :

 Determination of size of footing:

3. Dead load = 800 kN

4. Live load = 1200 kN

Total load = 2000 kN

10 10
Self weight of footing = 100 𝑥 𝑃 = 100
𝑥 2000 = 200 kN.

Total load { WT } = 2000 + 200 = 2200 kN

𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
 Area of footing = 𝑆𝐵𝐶 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑖𝑙 = 2200=6.28m2

 L2=6.28m2

 L=2.505m==2.6m
𝑞 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 2200
 Net upward pressure = 𝑠 = 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎 =2.6∗2.6

 Determination of thickness / depth of footing,

2.6−0.5
a1 = a2 = 2
=1.05m

 Moment @ critical section

𝑤𝑙𝑥𝑙 qs xqs2 325.44∗1.05∗1.05
2. Mxx = 2
= 2
= 2
= 179.39kN-m
Mxx = Myy = 179.39=179.39*1.5=269.085kN-m

 Depth of footing w.r.t. bending moment.

𝑀𝑢
d = √0.138 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏

269.085
√0.136∗25∗100

d = 281.32 mm

Assumed clear cover is 40mm and assume 25mm ∅ bars

.’. D = 281.32 + 40 + 25/2 = 333.82mm, say 350 mm.

Determination of depth of footing w.r.t. shear considerations.

( D = 2 x depth w.r.t. bending moment to satisfy shear consideration )

.’. D = 2 x 350 = 700mm

.’. d = 700-40-12.5=647.5=say=650mm

 Check for shear :-

c) Check for one way shear :

L1 = 1.05 – 0.65

= 0.4 m

Check for shear in 1-1 directon

.’. Vu = qs x l1 = 130.17 x 1.5 = 195.26 kN/m2

Actual shear stress

𝑉𝑢 195.26∗1000
τc =𝑏𝑑 = 1000 𝑥0.65
= 0.3 N/mm2=0.31N/mm2

Pt1-1 = 0.2 %

d) Check for 2 way shear

L1 = b1 = 500 + 650/2 + 650/2 = 1150mm

Perimeter = Po = 4l1 = 4600 mm

Punching shear force = 1.5 x qs [ (L)2 – (l1)2 ]

= 1.5 x 325.44 [ 2.62 – 0.42]

= 3221.85 kN

Actual shear = τv = Vu/bd = 3221.85 x 103 / {4600 x 650}

τv = 1.07 n/mm2

Permissible shear stress

τc)perm = ks x τc

ks = 0.5 + βc, βc = 500/500 = 1

ks = 0.5 + 1 = 1.5 > 1 …. Assume ksas 1

.’. τc = 0.25 x √𝑓𝑐𝑘 = 0.25 x √25= 1.25 N/mm2

,’, τc)perm = 1 x 1.25 = 1.25 N/mm2

τc)perm > τc . . . . . . .’. The footing is safe.

 Reinforcement calculation w.r.t. bending moment.

𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mu)xx = 0.87 fy Ast d [1 − 𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏 𝑑
]

Mu)xx = 269.085 mm2

Ast)xx = Ast)yy = 981.3 mm2

 Reinforcement w.r.t. shear.

0.2
Ast = Pt x A = x 2.62 = 1300 mm2
100

Spacing of bars =

Spacing = 1000 x ast / Ast

= (1000 x π x 252/4) / 1300

Spacing = 377.6 mm

 Provide 20mm dia. bars at 300mm c/c in both directions.