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Resorption of the central portion of the distal phalanx of the index finger may also be
due to hyperparathyroidism, but other causes such as osteomyelitis or tumor should
also be considered. Of the two, osteomyelitis is more common and may occur in the
fingers as a result of direct implantation of organisms from a puncture wound.
Metastasis may occur in any bone but favors the axial skeleton and is uncommon in
the hands.
White cell scans vie with MR imaging and bone scans as a method of detecting
osteomyelitis. Which technique or combination of techniques is best is far from
certain. Some studies have favored nuclear medicine; others have favored MR
imaging. Both bone scan and MR imaging are sensitive but lack specificity. White
cell scans are relatively specific for infection but often cannot distinguish cellulitis
from osteomyelitis with certainty.
Trauma
For local staging of both bone and soft-tissue neoplasms, MR imaging is the best
technique. When a bone tumor is suspected but is not discovered with conventional
radiographs, MR imaging is a useful secondary screening tool.
Metastatic Tumors
Osteomyelitis
Osteomyelitis, on the other hand, often breaches the growth plate. (A is the correct
answer to Question 6-7.) The most common organisms to cause osteomyelitis are
species of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus (Fig. 6–25). The relatively long history
of limping, however, should suggest a more indolent organism such as
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Skeletal tuberculosis is uncommon and thus often is
overlooked as a diagnostic possibility. Because it is curable yet responds to very
different drugs than would be used for pyogenic osteomyelitis, it is important to keep
it in mind. It may occur at any site, but it is most common in the spine. In the
extremities it most often occurs in or near the hip and knee.
Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (eosinophilic granuloma) is much less common than
osteomyelitis and is thus not as likely a diagnosis. When it does occur, its favorite
location is the skull.
Diagnosis banding
Pada tulang panjang, ewing sarkoma biasanya mengenai diafisis, tampak destruksi
tulang yang bersifat infiltratif, reaksi periosteal yang kadang-kadang menyerupai kulit
bawang yang berlapis-lapis dan massa jaringan lunak yang besar.
Differential diagnosis
Charcot joint
metastases
o Ewing sarcoma
o osteosarcoma
o lymphoma
o multiple myeloma
·
· Charcot joint - spine
· ·
· ·
· Osteosarcoma
Gambar 2.16. Foto polos dari osteosarkoma dengan gambaran Codman triangle
(arrow) dan difus, mineralisasiosteoid diantara jaringan lunak.19,21
Gambar 2.17. Perubahan periosteal berupa Codman triangles (anak panah putih)
dan massa jaringan lunak yang luas (anak panah hitam)
osteolytic lesion with surrounding osteosclerosis crossing the proximal growth plate. B. T1-weighted
image without contrast
a single, central transparent zone of osteolysis, well-marked outline, and a zone of sclerotic bone. B.
T1-weighted MR image without contrast
medium shows the penumbra sign with 1) the central abscess cavity, 2) the hyperintense granulation
layer, 3) the low signal intensity sclerotic
bone reaction, and 4) the surrounding marrow edema. C. T2-weighted MR image shows the central
high-intensity area indicating the liquid
component.