presents

Optical Fibers
Fiber Optic Cables
Indoor/Outdoor
A company of the BRUGG Group
Content

z Optical fiber
z function, types
z optical effects
z applications
z production of optical fibre

z Cable - general types

z Indoor
z Indoor / outdoor
z Outdoor

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Optical Transmission System
Schematic of an optical fibre transmission system:
z Modulator / Transmitter (LED, laser diode, VCSEL (850 nm))
convert electrical signals into optical ones
z Fibre
transport medium (e.g. optical fibre cable, splices, connectors etc.)
z Receiver / Demodulator (PIN Photodiode, Avalanche Photodiode
convert optical signals into electrical ones

Transmitter Fibre with splices and connectors Receiver

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
General Construction Optical Fibres

Primary coating (plastic)
Polyacrylate
Typ. diameter: 250 µm
Colour: customer requirement
Core glass
Typ. diameter: 9, 50 or 62.5 µm
Cladding glass
Typ. diameter: 125 µm

zFiber according to the requirements of:

zITU-T G.65x zISO / IEC 11801
zIEC 60793-x zEN 50173
zEN 60793-x zDIN VDE 0888

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Light On Interfaces Of Two Medias
Refraction of light Total internal reflection of light

Normal of incidence

n1 Interface n1
α1 Light ray
Interface Light ray
α2
n2 α2 α1
n2

Normal of incidence
α1 > α2 α1 = α2
n1 < n2
n1 & n2 : Refraction index of medium 1 & 2

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Light Guidance In Optical Waveguide

Cladding glass (n2) n2 n1

Core glass (n1>n2)

Longitudinally section Cross section

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Types of fibers
Multi mode Fiber, Step Index Properties:
Multiple light paths (modes) of different length
causing different modes to arrive at different time
intervals which causes pulse broadening
(Multimode Distortion or Modal Distortion)
Bandwidth relatively small, low cost fiber

Properties:
Multi mode Fiber, Graded Index
The parabolic profile of the index results in continual
refocusing of the rays in the core, and compensates
for multimode distortion.
Therefore we encounter less pulse broadening

Bandwidth bigger, more expensive

Properties:
Single mode Fiber, Step Index
The core diameter is reduced so that only one
mode can exist (single mode). Therefore Single
mode fibers don’t introduce any pulse broadening
witch enables higher bandwidth.

Highest bandwidth

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Types of fibers

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Optical Linear Effects
Characteristic Effect Limitation

Attenuation Looses light energy Transmission

distances

Dispersion Broaden light Bandwidth

pulses

Launch losses
Numerical LED ->fibre Launching light
Aperture fibre ->fibre
fibre ->APD

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Attenuation
Effect
Reduction optical power bet-
ween two points of optical fibre Losses in light
energy
Scattering

1
Limitation

Absorbtion
OH- Ionen Transmission-
distance

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Rayleigh Attenuation Curve

1. window 2. window 3. window

[dB/km]
Fibre attenuation

Rayleigh scattering OH absorption

Optical fibre attenuation

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 [nm]

wavelength

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
 Rayleigh Attenuation Curve
[dB/km]

OH- - absorption
Fiber attenuation

fiber attenuation IR Absorption

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Rayleigh
scattering

800 1000 1200 1400 1600 [nm] wavelength

•O - Band = Original band λ = 1260 - 1360 nm O - Band U - Band
•E - Band = Extended Band λ = 1360 - 1460 nm
•S - Band = Short Band λ = 1460 - 1530 nm E - Band L - Band
•C - Band = Conventional Band λ = 1530 - 1565 nm
λ = 1565 - 1625 nm
•L - Band = Long Band
•U - Band = Ultra long Band λ = 1625 - 1675 nm
S - Band C - Band

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Attenuation
Bending Loss:

Last mentioned source of decrease of input- versus output-power are bending

losses in the fiber caused by bending the fiber. When the angle of bend
exceeds a certain degree the light waves will no longer be reflected in the core
and enters the cladding of the fiber. We distinct two ways of bending, Macro
bending and Micro bending.
Macro Bending Micro Bending
Force

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Modal (Geometrical) Dispersion
Superpositioning of modes with
different delay times at the same Effect
wavelength
Broaden ligth
pulses and loss in
energy

2
A
Limitation

Bandwidth

t
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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Dispersion

Multimode fiber Singlemode Fiber

Mode Chromatic Polarisation-

Dispersion Dispersion modedispersion
[ps/km x nm] PMD
[ps/√km]

Measured is the effect:

Bandwidth [MHz x km]

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Applications
Single Mode or Multimode Fiber
Single Mode G.652.D (G.655/657)
z Single mode optical fiber is ideal for long
distance transmission.
z Wavelengths used for Single mode fiber are
1310nm, 1550 nm and 1625nm.
z The costs for a Single mode transmission
system are relatively high (Laser).
z High Bandwidth
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Training ABB Oct. 2007
Multi Mode G. 651
z Multimode fiber is not suited for long
communication distance but well suited for
communication over short distances (below
2km).
z Wavelengths used for Multimode are 850nm
and 1300nm
z The cost for a Multimode transmission system
are less expensive than single mode
equipment (LED). (2-4 times less expensive)
z Lower Bandwidth than Single mode
A company of the BRUGG Group
Selection Optical Fibres
Application Specification type network Fibre type

Tele- • Bandwidth 2 Mbit/s bis 10 Gbit/s Singlemode

• Distance 100 m bis 100 km
communication
• smal part of connecting / jointing
elements
CATV
• Bandwidth 4 Mbit/s bis 1 Gbit/s Multimode
• Distance 10 m bis 2 km 62.5/125 µm
LAN/MAN • more connecting / jointing 50/125 µm
elements

• different requirements Singlemode /Multimode /

WAN special fibre
CCTV

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Content

z Optical fiber
z function, types
z optical effects
z applications
z production of optical fibre

z Cable - general types

z Indoor
z Indoor / outdoor
z Outdoor

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Fiber Optic Cable

PATCHline, KONlan BRUniversal

BRUclean Metallic cable

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
 Brugg Cable Types
Indoor cables Outdoor cables Universal cable Metallic ropes
PATCHline, KONlan BRUclean BRUniversal BRUsteel, OPGW

Not longitudinally Longitudinally Longitudinally Longitudinally

water proof water proof water proof water proof

Flexible Blowing into Laying into ducts High tensile strength

pipes or trunks Excellent rodent
Compact design Rodent protected Rodent protected protection
Direct burial
Halogenfree, Halogenfree, Flame retardant
flame retardant flame retardant

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Cable Types
z Particular importance is placed on protecting the optical fibres
against environmental influences such as mechanical
stresses or temperature changes!
z The used cable type depends on:
z Kind of laying up / installation
z General application (indoor / outdoor etc.)
z environmental conditions
z Electro-magnetic influences

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Overview cable families
250 µm
primary coated fibers

900 µm
buffered fibers
Loose tubes
2.5 to 4mm

Tighth buffered Semi tight buffered

fibers fibers
Indoor / outdoor Outdoor
cables cables

Simplex-, Pigtails
Duplex- & Simplex-, Duplex-,
Mini-breakout- & Mini-breakout- & Mechanical characteristics
Breakout- cable Breakout- cable depend on the construction.

A company of the BRUGG Group

Secondary coating

900 µm buffer

Tight buffer Semi tight buffer

Fiber with 250 µm

primary coating

A company of the BRUGG Group

Loose tubes
Loose buffer, two layer constructed, with 2 to 24 optical fibers

Filling compound

Two layer constructed

plastic tube

Optical fibre with:

Core glass 9; 50 or 62,5 µm
Cladding glass 125 µm
Primary coating 250 µm

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
PATCHline Indoor cable
Simplex 2.1 / 2.4 / 2.8 mm

FRNC outer sheath

Aramide and glass yarns

900 µm buffer

Fiber with primary coating

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
PATCHline Indoor cable
Duplex 4.2x2.1 / 5.6x2.8

Aramide and glass yarns

Fiber with primary coating

A company of the BRUGG Group

PATCHline Indoor cable
Duplex+ 5.3x3.1 / 6.6x3.8

Aramide and glass yarns

900 µm buffer

Fiber with primary coating

A company of the BRUGG Group

Indoor cable
Mini Breakout KONlan mini

FRNC outer sheath

Glass yarns

up to 12 x 900 µm buffered fiber

Fiber with primary coating

A company of the BRUGG Group

Indoor cable
Breakout Cable KONlan

FRNC outer sheath

Up to 24 x 2.1 mm Simplex cable

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
Indoor / outdoor cable BRUniversal
Central loose tube cable 150 / 250

FRNC outer sheath

Glas yarns with water-blocking tape

Gel-filled loose tube

Fibers with primary coating

A company of the BRUGG Group

Indoor / outdoor cable BRUniversal
Stranded loose tube cable 300 - 900

FRNC outer sheath

Glass yarns with water-blocking tape

Gel-filled loose tube

Fibers with primary coating

Central strength member

A company of the BRUGG Group

FO Outdoor Cable - Central Tube Type

PE - outer sheath
swellable tape
glass rovings
central loose buffer BRUclean 150 / 250
• max. number of fibers: 24
• high crush resistance
• longitudinally water proof
• blowing into pipes
• rodent protection

Application:
• outdoor use, WAN, LAN,
campus backbone
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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
FO Outdoor Cable - Stranded Tube Type

PE - outer sheath
glassrovings
swellable tape
stranded loose buffer
central strength member
BRUclean 300-900
• max. number of fibers: 432
• long term tensile strength 3‘000 - 9‘000 N
• blowing into pipes
• rodent protection

Application:
• outdoor use, WAN, LAN, campus backbone
• for higher fiber count

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group
 Thank you
for your Attention.

Further information: www.brugg.com

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Training ABB Oct. 2007 A company of the BRUGG Group