Human rights, according to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, refers to norms that

aim to protect people from political, legal, and social abuses.

The United Nations (UN) defines human rights as universal and inalienable, interdependent and
indivisible, and equal and non-discriminatory.

Universal and inalienable:

 Human rights belong to all and cannot be taken away unless specific situations call
for it. However, the deprivation of a person's right is subject to due process.
Interdependent and indivisible:
 Whatever happens to even one right – fulfillment or violation – can directly affect the
others.
Equal and non-discriminatory:
 Human rights protect all people regardless of race, nationality, gender, religion, and
political leaning, among others. They should be respected without prejudice.
=What laws or legal documents ensure the human rights of Filipino citizens?=
The rights of Filipinos can be found in Article III of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Also
called the Bill of Rights, it includes 22 sections which declare a Filipino citizen’s rights and
privileges that the Constitution has to protect, no matter what.
Aside from various local laws, human rights in the Philippines are also guided by the UN's
International Bill of Human Rights – a consolidation of 3 legal documents including the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
(ICCPR), and the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR).
Types of Human Rights
1. Individual (civil) rights
 life, liberty, and security of the person; privacy and freedom of movement; ownership
of property; freedom of thought, conscience, and religious belief and practice;
prohibition of slavery, torture, and cruel or degrading punishment.
2. Rule of law
 equal recognition before the law and equal protection of the law; effective legal
remedy for violation of rights; impartial hearing and trial; presumption of innocence;
and prohibition of arbitrary arrest.
3. Rights of political expression
 freedom of expression, assembly, and association; the right to take part in
government; and periodic and meaningful elections with universal and equal
suffrage.
4. Economic and social rights
 an adequate standard of living; free choice of employment; protection against
unemployment; "just and favorable remuneration"; the right to form and join trade
unions; "reasonable limitation of working hours"; free elementary education; social
security; and the "highest attainable standard of physical and mental health."
5. Rights of communities
 self-determination and protection of minority cultures.
 HUMSS - 12

Name:______________________________________________Date: ___________Score:_____

1. Explain the picture to 5 – 10 sentences.

2. What do you think is the importance of this to the community where you lives in?