SUMMARY OF ASSESSMENT

Plant
Sub Station No 1400 Health Index
Tag No
Commissioned Date N/A Prior to Mitigation After Proposed Mitigation
Previous Repair/ Modification N/A

EQUIPMENT DETAILS
Serial Number
MVA rating 75/50 MVA
Voltage rating 132/34.5 kV
Current rating 328/1255 A
Manufacturer ALSTOM
Vector Group Dyn11
Tap Changer Off Circuit
% Z at normal tap 12.26%
Cooling Type ONAN/ONAF
Year of Manufacturer Oct-03
Age of Asset 16
Date of Inspection 23 March 2019

SUMMARY REPORT: OVERALL RISK ON TRANSFOMER

Based on the Remnant life analysis, The condition of 28 TMM 1400 Health Index A
C was found normal.
General comment of Assessment: Expected Remaining Life Excess of 10 years
1) Refer Gas in oil Analysis Assessment :
IEC 60599 provides a ratio threshold of 0.5 for new transformers and
0.3 for in service transformers. A ratio of below 0.3 and a rapid
consumption of Oxygen are indicative of oil and/or cellulose
oxidation. The ratio of 0.24 from the Lab Result by Ray in 2019
indicates oil aging /Oxidation. However, when taking the Hydrogen, 5 5 10 15 20
remaining gas analysis, oil trend into consideration this result was
deemed less significant. Hence there is no action required other
than monitoring of gas analysis as per ADNOC routine practice. 4 4 8 12 16
Health index

2) Refer Visual Inspection sheet:

Calibration of OTI, WTI meters and Thermometer required due to
aging. 3 3 6 9 12
3) 2 Nos of leaking valves to be replaced.
2 2 4 6 8

1 1 2 3 4

Probability of Fault arising in the next year A 1 2 3 4

Consequence of failure rating 1 Consequence of failure
FINAL RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSIONS
1. The content and trending of the dissolved gases, water content, water-in-oil and tested oil ageing properties can be
considered as completely normal and acceptable.
2. Paper ageing markers are still low and thus insulation paper quality can be evaluated as sufficient. Degree of
polymerisation > 800.
3. The oil contains no DBDS which confirms that the oil is non-corrosive.
4. The offline electrical tests shall be repeated three yearly, therefore these tests should be undertaken by the end of 2022.
Advised to close monitor of O2/N values to check trend. DGA gas levels should be monitored closely after each oil analysis. If there
is a sudden significant increase in the levels then we recommends that further investigations are undertaken
5. Calibration of OTI, WTI meters, Thermometer, functional checks of protective relays required.
6. 2 Nos of leaking valves to be replaced.
7. Single coat painting is required at faded area/overall. Rusted parts to be removed during painting.
8. Fixing a self-Regenerative breather will help to prevent direct contamination of air in to oil, and will have longer life of free
breathing Transformer 28 TMM 1400 C.

Assessed by Reviewed by Version Date

V0 9-Jun-19
 OVEARALL ASSESSMENT

Tx - Tag No: 28 TMM 1400 C

REMNANT LIFE → > 10 Years

The degree of polymerization is an indication of the mechanical strength of the cellulose within the transformer. There is no
significant rate of generation of Furan as per the latest lab(Intertek UK LTD) analysis results. The mechanical Strength of cellulose is
found normal.
The result obtained <50 ppb in May 19 by Ray International was below the limit of 0.5 ppb. This is very minimal degree of
polymerization decrease and above 800DP,Thus there were no immediate paper aging issues in Transformer 28 TMM 1400 C.

SUMMARY OF WINDING AND SOLID INSULATION → A

A probability score of ''A'' was assigned to the winding and solid insulation. The vast majority of the tests undertaken on the winding
and Solid insulation indicted this unit had very lower level of degradation agents and contaminants. There was no major deviation in
the Transformer insulation and in line with the expectations, as expected for more than 10 years of operation.
Winding insulation from DFRA test indicate, the paper cellulose is Dry as 2% of moisture presence. Analysis of dielectric response
measurements carried out by using software which is capable, through optimization techniques, to estimate moisture content,
insulating liquid conductivity (or insulating liquid PF).

SUMMARY OF ELECTROMAGNETIC CIRCUIT → A

A probability score of A was assigned to the electromagnetic circuit. There was no issue highlighted by the Exciting current, SFRA
values were found normal, All of the potential failure modes were covered by the tests undertaken in 2019 providing an assessment
confidence level of 100%.

SUMMARY OF TANK AND DIELECTRIC FLUID → A

A probability score of ''A'' was assigned to the tank and dielectric fluid.
No major issues identified. The O2/N2 ratio in 2019 was below the 0.3 limit as 0.24 which might indicate an oxidation issue in the
transformer. However the Furan compound analysis, which is deemed a better indicator of cellulose material degradation, did not
substantiate this finding, therefore it is advised to close monitor of O/N values to trend the O2 and N levels.

SUMMARY OF TAP CHANGER → Not Applicable

Off circuit Tap Changer

SUMMARY OF BUSHING → Not Applicable

Porcelain Type bushing

SUMMARY OF CABLE TERMINATION → Normal

Cable termination and connections restored after the testing with torque tightness. Found normal.
 ASSESSMENT - Visual Inspection

Tx - Tag No: 28 TMM 1400 C

Satisfactory/performed/Tested Alarming Not Acceptable
Checks / Tests Performed Status
Tanks Yes Satisfactory/performed/Tested
Cable Box / Bushings Yes Satisfactory/performed/Tested
Sealing, surface and service condition Yes Alarming
Fans N/A
Tap Changers N/A
Gauge Not Performed Not in scope
Sealing Surface Service
Parts / Accessories Comments
Condition Condition Condition
Touch up paint required some
Main Tank No Leaks Rust spots Not Urgent places

Main Flange No Leaks Not Serviceable

2 nos radiator drain valves are

Coolers / Radiators Leaking Rust spots Not Urgent
leaking

HV Bushings Oil Seepage Good Not Urgent Bushing base flange tightened

HV Bushings Oil level N/A

Neutral Bushing No Leaks Good Not Serviceable

Bushing Oil level N/A

Pipe works & Fittings No Leaks Good Not Serviceable

Control Box Flaking Not Urgent Cleaning Required

Temperature Indicators Not Urgent Calibration Required

Oil Level Indicators No Leaks Not Serviceable

Oil Bundings Not Serviceable

Tap Changers N/A

Mechanical operations shall be

Pressure relief device No Leaks Good Not Serviceable checked

Fire protection N/A

LV Bushing No Leaks Good Not Serviceable

Cable Box N/A

Fans N/A

Cabling Not Serviceable

Recommending to change self-

Breather Change in colour Not Serviceable Regenerative breather
Recommending to do a functional
Buchholz relay main No Leaks Good Not Serviceable test
 Recommending to paint a single
Pain condition Faded Not Urgent coat
 ASSESSMENT - Physico-Chemical Oil Analysis

Breakdown Voltage: (KV) 82.2 kV

The first action limit for this type of Distribution transformer is 60 kV. The
result obtained in 2019 was 82.2 kV which was above the 60kV first action
limit thus there were no issues identified by this test

Limits: As per IEC 60422 Ed.4

>60 (if kV max > 170kV)
>50 (if 72,5kV < kv max <170kV)
>40 (if kV max < 72,5kV)

Water Content 9 ppm

IEC 60814 states the water content should be below 15 mg/kg. The result
obtained in 2019 was 9 mg/kg which was below the first action limit of 15
mg/kg. Therefore, no immediate action is required.

Limits: As per IEC 60422 Ed.4

<15 (if HV> 170kV)
<20 (if 72,5kV < HV <170kV)
<30 (if HV < 72,5kV)

Dissipation Factor 0.00204

IEC 60247 states the Dissipation Factor should be below 0.1 . The result
obtained in 2019 was < 0.0020 which was significantly below the limit of 0.1.
The result indicated an excellent dissipation factor, hence there was no
immediate action required.

Limits: As per IEC 60422 Ed.4

>0.1

Interfacial Tension 29.200 nN/m

IEC 60422 states that the Interfacial Tension (IFT) value should be above 28
mN/m. During the test performed in 2019 the oil interfacial Tension value
was 29.20 mN/m which was above the first action limit of 28 mN/m. The
interfacial tension between oil and water provides a means of detecting
soluble polar contaminants and products of degradation.

Neutralization Value 0.010 mgKOH/g

IEC 60422 states that the Neutralization value should be below <0.10 (if >
72.5kV) and <0.15 (if < 72.5kV). During the test performed in 2019 the oil
neutralization value was 0.01 mgKOH/g which was below the first action limit
of 0.10 mgKOH/g. Thus, this indicated there was no significant levels of acidic
constituents or contaminants in the oil.

Colour L0.5
The colour of an insulating oil is determined by a numerical value based on
comparison with a series of colour limits. An oil in a good condition has a
colour value of 1 as per test method ASTM D1500, while an oil in a disastrous
condition has a value of 8. Hence a colour value L0.5 was used as an Lower
limit. During the 2019 tests, the colour value was L0.5 indicating there were
no issues, symptom of chemical contamination or ageing.

Density 0.8884 kg/L

In cold climates, the density of oil may be important in determining its suitability for use. For example, ice crystals formed from separated
water may float on oil of high density and lead to flashover on subsequent melting. There is no evidence that density is affected by normal oil
deterioration. This Density test can be tested as per ASTM D4052 @ 15deg C .

Corrosive Sulphur Non - Corrosive

Sulphur is present in refined oil as sulphur-containing molecules. Due to poor refining or contamination, reactive compounds giving corrosion
at normal operating temperatures may be presents. At high temperatures, >300 °C, sulphur-containing oil molecules may decompose and
react with metal surfaces to form metal sulphides. Such reactions may take place in switching equipment and will impact the conductivity of
contacts. This sulphur test should not be corrosive & can be tested as per ASTM D1275B.
 ASSESSMENT - Gas in Oil Analysis

Tx - Tag No: 28 TMM 1400 C

Hydrogen Normal
IEC 60599 and IEEE C57.104 have limits of 50 ppm and 100ppm respectively for Hydrogen.
The result obtained in 2019 was 4 ppm which was significantly below both first action limits.
The level of hydrogen indicated that there were no issues in the transformer.

Methane Normal
IEC 60599 and IEEE C57.104 have limits of 30ppm and 120ppm respectively for Methane. The
result obtained in 2019 was 7 ppm which was significantly below the IEC 60599 & IEEE
C57.104 limits. The level of Methane indicated that there were no issues in the transformer.

Ethane Normal
IEC 60599 and IEEE C57.104 have limits of 20ppm and 65ppm respectively for Ethane. The
result obtained in 2019 was 7 ppm which was significantly below the IEC 60599 limit but
below the IEEE C57.104 limits.

Ethylene Normal
IEC 60599 and IEEE C57.104 have limits of 60ppm and 50ppm respectively for Ethylene. The
result obtained in 2019 was 1 ppm and was significantly below both first action limits. Thus
no immediate issues in the transformer.

Acetylene Normal
IEC 60599 and IEEE C57.104 have limits of 2ppm and 1ppm respectively for Acetylene. The
result obtained in 2019 was 0 ppm which was below both limits thus there were no
immediate issues in the transformer.

Carbon Monoxide Normal

As per IEC 60599 and IEEE C57.104 CO level have limits of 400ppm and 350ppm respectively
for Carbon Monoxide. The result obtained in 2019 was 218 ppm and was below the first
action limits. Thus no immediate issues in the transformer.

Carbon Dioxide Normal

IEC 60599 and IEEE C57.104 have limits of 3800ppm and 2500ppm respectively for Carbon
Dioxide. The result obtained in 2019 was 2053 ppm and was significantly below both first
action limits thus there were no immediate issues in the transformer.

Nitrogen and Oxygen Not Urgent - Acceptable

IEC 60599 and IEEE C57.104 do not provide an upper limit for Oxygen or Nitrogen. However,
IEC 60599 provides a ratio threshold of 0.5 for new transformers and 0.3 for in service
transformers. A ratio of below 0.3 and a rapid consumption of Oxygen are indicative of oil
and/or cellulose oxidation. The ratio of 0.24 could be an indication of potential issue.
However when taking the Furan, oil and remaining gas analysis into consideration this result
was deemed less significant. Hence there is no action required other than monitoring of gas
analysis as per ADNOC routine practice.

Total Diss. Gas Normal

IEEE C57.104 has a limit of 720 ppm for total combustible gases present within transformers.
The result obtained in 2019 was 237 ppm and was significantly below this limit indicating
there were no immediate issues in the transformer.
As per IEE C57.104 TDGC condition # 1,237 PPM level indicates the transformer is operating
satisfactorily.
 ASSESSMENT - Furan Analysis

Tx - Tag No: 28 TMM 1400 C

Furanic Content Values less than 50ppb limit
IEC 6118 method has limits of 50ppb for furan levels within transformers. Levels in excess 50ppb could be an indication of
degradation of the cellulosic materials within a transformer either by normal aging or from being involved with an incipient fault.
The below result obtained in 2019 was significantly below this limit thus there were no immediate issues in the transformer.
The five furans and their most common causes are listed below:

5H2F (5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde) caused by oxidation (aging and heating) of the paper - < 5 ppb
2FOL (2-furfurol) caused by high moisture in the paper - 11 ppb
2FAL (2-furaldehyde) caused by overheating - < 5 ppb
2ACF (2-acetylfuran) caused by lightning (rarely found in DGA) - < 5 ppb
5M2F (5-methyl-2-furaldehyde) caused by local severe overheating (hotspot) - < 5 ppb
Total Furan 11 ppb.

Degree of polymerization (DP) > 10 years life expected

The degree of polymerization is an indication of the mechanical strength of the cellulose within the transformer. The result of the
oil analysis indicated the degree of polymerization value was above 800. FIST 33 categorizes the DP of above 800 in 2019 as very
good. By utilizing a DP of 1000 when the transformer was commissioned in 1998 the DP of above 800 measured in 2019 and a
number of modifiers, a remnant life in excess of ten years was calculated.

Paper ageing markers are still low and thus insulation paper quality can be evaluated as sufficient. Degree of
polymerisation > 800.
 ASSESSMENT - ELECTRICAL TEST

Tx - Tag No: 28 TMM 1400 C

Exciting Current Test Normal
The set of reading for current measurement in each of the tap position should be
equal. Unequal currents shall indicate possible short circuits in winding. Results
between similar single-phase units should not vary more than 10 % .The test
values on the outside legs should be within 15 % of each other, and values for the
centre leg should not be more than either outside for a three-phase transformers.
Results compared to previous tests made under the same conditions should
not vary more than 25%.
If the measured exciting current value is 50 times higher than the value
measured during pre- commissioning checks, then there is likelihood of a fault in
the winding which needs further analysis. The identical results confirm no
damage due to transportation. The availability of test data of normal condition
and faulty condition results help us to analyse the problem in future. The
maximum Exciting current was 249.154 mA at 6kV.

Winding resistance Test Normal

The unbalances in winding resistances are within acceptable limit (5%) as per
recommendation of IEEE: Std 62: 1995. Test performed in 2019 are found
acceptable deviation of 5% was identified. The resistance trend found normal and
there was no evidence of physical displacement or distortion, broken connections
or strands, short-circuited turns or insulation defects.

Turns Ratio Normal

Both IEEE Std C57.104 and IEC 60076-1 state the turns ratio should be within 0.5%
of the turns ratio stated on the name plate. During the 2019 test , found
maximum deviation from the name plate value was -0.40% which well below the ±
0.5% limit. The trend of the results did not indicate that was any issues in the
current carrying conductors, the tap changer or windings.

Insulation Resistance Test Normal

IEEE Std C57.152 states that Polarization Index ( PI ) should be above 1.25 to 2 for
a good transformer.
The PI values for HV to E+LV -1.3, LV to E+HV – 1.26, HV to LV – 1.20, were all
significantly equal to 1.2.5 except HV-LV. However, considering other Tandelta and
DIRANA confirms the dryness of insulation paper. Hence the resultant of PI of HV-
LV is acceptabe.
 ASSESSMENT - ELECTRICAL TEST

Tx - Tag No: 28 TMM 1400 C

Capacitance & Tan Delta Test Normal
IEEE Std C57.152 states that Power Factor (PF) for an in-service transformer has to
be lower than 0.5%. The PF % values in 2019 test were all above 0.3%. The
maximum PF % in 2019 was 0.29 % between ICH combination. Hence, there is no
indication of insulation failures, contamination of insulation liquids with particles,
acids, water in solid and liquid insulation, partial discharges on winding
insulations.

According to IEEE Std C57.152, a transformer's capacitance should not change by

more than 5% from a reference point. Unfortunately a comparative test has not
available; therefore an analysis could not be undertaken. The 2019 test can be
utilized as the reference point in the future.

SFRA Test Normal

Both IEEE Std C57.152 and IEC 60076-18 state that the trace comparison is
the primary method for the analysis of FRA results. Comparison can be
made against a baseline trace or a similar unit (sister transformer) or across
phases. Here, SFRA test was first performed by us on 2019, a comparison
of each of the three phases & similar unit was utilized. The results did not
indicate any evidence of shorted turns, core faults, winding deformation or
faulty screen connections. Future SFRA tests should utilize this trace as a
baseline don by Ray Transformer engineers.

Di- Electric response analysis Test . Normal

IEEE Std C57.152 states that the analysis of dielectric response measurements
should be carried out using software which is capable, through optimization
techniques, to estimate moisture content, insulating liquid conductivity (or
insulating liquid PF), and any abnormalities at a given temperature. According to
IEC 60422 moisture content of the transformer should be less than 1% for new
Transformer. The test performed during 2019 found moisture content of 2.0 %
which is above the reference standard, indicating slight moisture contamination
over the insulation of active part. However, 2.0% is significantly acceptable as the
Transformer services more than 21 years.Thus, there were no immediate issues in
the transformer.