Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
JASON E. DUQUE
LILY ROSEMARY L. MASILANG
TOPICS:
NATURE OF REALISM
Meaning of Realism
PHILOSOPHY OF REALISM
Facts about the Philosophy of Realism
Fundamental Principles of Realism
Values in Realism
FORMS OF REALISM
Scholastic Realism
Humanistic Realism
Social Realism
Sense Realism
Neo-Realism
TOPICS:
IMPLICATION OF REALISM IN EDUCATION
Realism and Aim of Education
Realism and Curriculum
Realism and the Teacher
Methods of Teaching
School Organization Influenced by Realism
Realism and the classroom
Conclusion
Meaning Of Realism
The term realism come from the Latin “realists”
who is to be really, really real.
THOMAS AQUINAS
ARISTOTLE
Facts about the Philosophy of Realism
Philosopher who profess realism also believes that
truth consist in a beliefs’ correspondence to reality.
Independence
Values in Realism
• External world is the reality.
• Man will discover reality with the use of science and
common sense through education or learning.
• Mind is functioning & is geared towards creativity.
• Reality can be proved by observation, experience,
experiment and scientific reasoning.
• Values must be studied to be applied in the actual
setting.
• It started when medieval thinkers wanted to bring
together a relation between faith (Christian
theology) and reason (Classical Philosophy).
• St. Thomas Aquinas who wrote Summa
Theologica used philosophy to help explain the
doctrine and mysteries of the church.
• Characteristics: Relied on authorities from the
past; Synthesizing of knowledge; Deductive approach
to reasoning; Use of syllogistic logic
• Scholastic schools had two methods of teaching:
1."lectio" (the simple reading of a text by a
teacher/ no questions were permitted); 2.
"disputatio" (where question to be disputed was
announced beforehand)
• Education is the process by which he lifts himself up
to the eternal.
It sprang up after the renaissance.
It studies the present solution to each problem of
life
Aimed to secure a knowledge of human society
and its institutions of nature and man’s reactions to
nature, chiefly through the content and not the
form of classics.
John Milton
Education must prepare one for life in the real
world.
Francois Rabelais
Education is gained through books, though
emphasis should be on the mastery of their
content and their actual use in one’s life.
Education should be attractive rather than
compulsive.
Francois
John Milton
Rabelais
Social Realism in education is the reaction against
a type of education that produces scholars and
professional men to the neglect of the man of
affairs i.e. practice.
Education should not produce men who are unfit
in social life.
The purpose of education, according to social
realists, is to prepare the practical man of the
world.
• Reaction against a type of education that produces
scholars and professional men to the neglect of the
man of practice
• Aim: To train a “gentleman” for active
participation in social life and social judgment and to
prepare the practical man of the world
• Social realists follow the method of travel of
journey method.
• Direct contact with things, people & social
conditions thru travel rather than books.
• Study of gymnastics, sports, riding, modern
languages, customs of other countries
• Study of one’s self but also others
• Social realism explains that education should equip
learners for a happy and successful life as a man
of the world.
According to Montaigne,' The aim of education is to
inculcate intellect & logic in man by which he can lie his life
well.’
He emphasized a teaching method which was according to
the natural tendencies & development of a child. He was
against expressionistic discipline.
He said, & quote “To make it of any real value you must
not only get it into their minds but espouse them to it.”
The sense realism in education emphasizes the
training of the senses.
Senses are the gateways of knowledge and learning
takes place the operation of the senses.
According to sense-realists nature is the treasure
house of all knowledge and this knowledge can be
obtained through the training of the senses.
• Sense-realism attached more importance to the study
of natural sciences and contemporary social
life.
• Aim: To develop a natural society by working in
accord with the laws of nature
• Purpose: Happiness with God
• Thru education, man can still know laws of nature
and thereby control nature.
It came into being in the 17th century according to
which knowledge can be gained through our senses.
Hence a child should be trained with the help of
objects.
According to Munroe ,scientific researches have
influenced sense realism.
Hence the child should be bought in contact with
the nature.
It has preferred education of nature, observation,
science in place of language & literature.
Teaching methods should be scientific inductive,
based on observation, analysis, synthesis.
Stressed on physical education.
The sense-realists emphasized the three things :
a) Application of inductive method
formulated by Bacon in order to organize and
simplify the instructional process.
b) To replace instruction in Latin by the
instruction in Vernacular, and
c) To substitute new scientific and social
studies in place of the studies in language and
literature.
Richard Mulcaster
(1531-1611)
Francis Bacon
(1561-1626)
Wolfgang Ratke Comenius (1592-
(1571 to 1635) 1670)
Neo-Realism is really a philosophical thought.
It appears the methods and results of modern
development in physics.
They do not consider the scientific principles everlasting
while they express the changeability in them.
They support the education of art with the science and
analytical system of education with the humanistic feelings.
Alfred North
Whitehead
Bertrand
Russell
REALISM
Reality
A world of things
(ontology)
Truth or knowledge Correspondence and sensation (as we
(epistemology) see it)
Goodness
Laws of nature
(axiology)
Subjects of physical world:
Teaching reality doctrine
math, science, social studies
Teaching for mastery of information:
Teaching truth
demonstrate, recite
Teaching goodness Training in rules of conduct
To reveal the order of the world and
Why schools exist
universe
What should be taught Laws of physical reality
Role of the teacher Displays, imparts knowledge
Role of the student Manipulates, passive participation
School's attitude towards Always coming toward perfection,
change orderly change
Realism and Aims of Education
Preparing the Child for happy and successful life
Preparing the child for a real life
Developing the physical and mental powers of the
child
Developing and training of senses
Acquainting the child with nature and social
environment
Imparting vocational education
Realism and Aims of Education
Understanding the material world through inquiry