1

NDIMUTO AUGUSTIN
INGENIEUR EN CONSTRUCTION & CONSULTANT INDEPENDANT
DIRECTEUR TECHNIQUE DU BUREAU D’ETUDE BETRAGEC
EXPERT IMMOBILIER AGREE PAR L’ORDRE DES EVALUATEURS
DES BIENS IMMOBILIERS AU RWANDA (IRPV)
CERTIFICATE N° RC/IRPV/063/2011, RÉF. A/009/IRPV/2011
TEL.: 0788350775; E-MAIL: ndimutaug2009@yahoo.fr
B.P: 435 GISENYI / RUBAVU

PROJECT : REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURAL DESIGN

OF TWO STORY RESIDENTIAL BUILDING LOCATED AT
RUBAVU DISTRICT; RWAZA CELL, RUGERERO SECTOR, PLOT
NUMBER : 2058

PROJECT OWNER : Mme UMUZIRANENGE Gisèle

DESIGN CODE : BS 8110 (Practice for structural use of

concrete 2013)

April 2018
 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. NOTATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS ………………………………………….…... 2
II. MATERIAL STRENGTHS ………………………………………………….……...... 5
III. EXPOSURE CONDITIONS ………….…………………………………………….. 5
IV. REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN ………………………….……………….….…...6
4.1 DESIGN OF SLAB P12….………………………………….…….………………….…...6
4.2. DESIGN OF BEAM type Along E-E axis……………………….………….…….…...11
4.2.1. Dimensions of the beam …………………………………………….………..….…...12
4.2.2. Calculation of Areas of influence on the beam along E-E axis …………….…...14
4.2.3 Calculation of bending moments and shear forces
using CROSS’s Moment Distribution Method (MDM) ……………………….…. …...…...16
4.2.4. Required steel reinforcement in the beam ……. ……………..….………..….…... 22
4.2.5. Arrangement of steel reinforcement in the beam ………………………………….25
4.3. COLUMN DESIGN ANALYSIS …..………………………………..……………………26
4.3.1. Loads on the column C21…………………………………….………………………26
4.3.2. Ground floor part of the column ………………………………….………………….27
4.3.3. Required steel reinforcement ……………………………..………………………….27
4.4. DESIGN OF PAD FOUNDATION Footing under C21……………………………….29
4.4.1. Soil bearing capacity ………………………….………….………..………………….29
4.4.2. Characteristic load transmitted to the foundation…………………………………..29
4.4.3. Weight of the foundation ……………………………………………………………...29
4.4.4. Foundation base dimensions ………………………………………….……………...29
4.4.5. Checking of the punching shear ………………….…………………….……………..30
4.4.6. Required steel reinforcement for the foundation…………………………………….31
4.4.7. Steel Reinforcement Arrangement…………………………………………..……….32
4.5. DESIGN OF STAIR CASE……………………………………………………………….33
4.5.1 Calculation of load P …………………………………………...…………………….…34
4.5.2. Calculation of load P1……………………………………………………………..……35
4.5.3. Calculation of Maximum Bending moment for beam
P1 as simply supported ……………………………………………………………………..35
4.5.4. Calculation of Maximum Bending moment for beam ……………….……………..35
4.5.5. Calculation of steel reinforcement in the stairs……………………….…………… 36
4.5.6. Steel reinforcement arrangement in the stairs ……………………….…………….37
 3

I. NOTATION AND ABREVIATION

IS: Indian standard

BS: British Standard
As: Cross sectional area of tensile reinforcement
As’ : Cross sectional area of compressive reinforcement
Asv : Cross sectional area of shear reinforcement in the form of links
Acr: Distance from surface of crack to print if zero strain (crack width)
b : Width of any cross section
bw: Breadth of section width of web
d: Effective dept of section
fcu : Characteristic concrete cube strength
fs :Service strength of steel
fy :Characteristic strength of reinforcement
Gk: Characteristic dead load (Permanent load)
Qk :Characteristic live load (Live load) : Imposed load
Ht : Overall dept of section in the plane of bending :
ho :Effective depth of the beam
Le : Effective height of column :
M: Bending moment
Mu : Ultimate moment of resistance
N: Axial load
n: Total distributed load on the slab panel
n: Ultimate design load
n: number of legs ( branch ) of one stirrup
sv: Spacing links along member
V : Ultimate shear force
v :Design shear stress
vc: Designation concrete shear stress

Z:Lever arm
 4

ɣm : Partial safety factor for strength

ɣf: Partial safety factor for load

- Dead load : 𝛾𝑓 = 1.40

- Imposed ( live load) : 𝛾𝑓 = 1.60
FEM : Fixed End Moment
DF : Distribution Factor

COM : Carryover moment

TOTM: Total moment (sum of moments)

COF : Carryover Factor

Rxns : Reaction at supports

AuxV : Auxilliary shear

DiRV : Direct shear

TOT V : shear (algebric sum of shears ie DIRV and AUXV)

Ø: Bar diameter

S = xu = Location of neutral axis

So: Clear span

S: distance center to center between stirrups

Ps: Soil bearing capacity

e: eccentricity
Qf : Punching shear force in foundation
Nf : load transmitted by the column to footing of foundation
q : balanced soil pressure
Ab : Average lateral area of the punching pyramid
Um : Average perimeter of punching pyramid
NC : Characteristic load transmitted by the column to the foundation

ξR:0.559

ρrc: Specific weight of reinforced concrete

 5

ρcp: Specific weight of cement plaster

ρmw : Specific weight of masonry wall
Vmax : Maximum shear force

GK: Dead load ( permanent load to be calculated

QK: (n) : Live load = 1.5 KN/m2 for residential house

Vmax : Maximum shear force

qsw : shear carried by stirrups
φbf: coefficient for the ordinary concrete
HA : HR : Hot rolled high yield bar
R: Mild steel
D: Overall depth
bf : Width of flange
hf: Depth of flange
As (prov) `: Area of steelprovide
d
As ( reqd) : Area of steel require
d
Asw: Area (cross section) of one leg of stirrup

C/c: Center-to-center

Rb: concrete compressive design strength ( = 1.40 KN/cm2)

Rbt: concrete tensile design strength ( = 0.09KN/cm2)

Rs: Steel design strength ( = 40 KN/cm2)

RSC: Design steel compressive force
Nb: Rb* Abc : Resultant compressive force carried by concrete
NS’: RSC*As’ : Resultant compressive force carried by reinforcement
NS: RSC * AS’ : Tensile force carried by reinforcement
Abt: concrete tensile area ( to be neglected)
Abc: Concrete compressive area
Ab: cross section area of the column
ho: Effective depth of the cross section :
x: 0.8 * s = compressive concrete depth :
S: Location of neutral axis
 6

Qsinc : Total vertical component of the shear force carried by all inclined bars at
the distance Co = Shear force carried by bent up bars
Co : Projection of stirrups
Qsw : shear force carried by stirrups = Σ Rsw * Asw
Rsw : 0.8 Rs: Design strength of the stirrups and the inclined bars
Qb : shear force carried by concrete in the compression area
Qmax : QD : Maximum shear force in the beam
ʎ : lo Slenderness ratio of column
a
φ : coefficient taking into account the slenderness ratio of column and the construction
inaccuracies
βSx : Short span coefficient in slab design
F/C : Footing under column

II. MATERIAL STRENGTHS

1. ( Cube strength of concrete (cu) = 25N/mm2

2. Density of concrete (concrete) = 24KN/m3

3. Characteristic strength of reinforcement (y) = 250N/mm2 ( Mild steel)

4. Characteristic strength of reinforcement (y) =460N/mm2 ( High yield steel)

III. EXPOSURE CONDITIONS (According to BS code of Practice for structural use

of concrete 2013)
1. Fire resistance of 1.5hrs for all members

2. Members in contact with soil : 50mm cover for very severe conditions

3. Members not in contact with soil : 30mm cover for very severe conditions

4. 25mm cover for staircase members.

5. 30mm cover for the beam

6. 50mm cover for the footing of foundation

7. 25mmcover for slab

 7

IV. REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Ref Calculation Output

BS8110 4.1 DESIGN OF SLAB critical Panel nº 14
2013 Durability and fire resistance
Nominal cover for very moderate conditions of
Exposure = 25mm
Nominal cover for 1.5 hours fire resistance
=20 mm Provide nominal cover =
Since 25>20, provide nominal cover 25mm 25mm
Preliminary sizing of slab
𝑙𝑥 𝑙𝑥 3.90 3.90
≤ ℎ𝑜 ≤ 25 = ≤ℎ≤
40 40 25
Because in general the
9.75 ≤ ℎ ≤ 15.60
range for the thickness of
Taken h = 15cm
slab ≤ ℎ ≤ 20cm;
12 cm ℎ =15cm
Effective depth in all direction of the slab
we take ℎ = 15 cm
ho = 15cm – 2.5cm = 12.5cm

ℎo=12.5 cm

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Ref Calculation Output

 Sketch The critical panel (p14)
The chosen is the slab with the
largest side in order to obtain
Lx: 3900 the greatest thickness of the
slab ( h= 12 cm)
The panel is determined by
Ly = 5200 simultaneous parallel vertical
Ly = 5200mm Lx= 3900 mm axis 2-2; 4—4 and parallel
λ= Ly/Lx= 5200/3900= 1.33 < 2 horizontal axis B-B; C-C.
Hence slab is designed as two ways span
with four edges continuous.
 8

 Loading
-Self weight of slab
1.40*0.15*1*1*24= 5.04KN/m2
-Finishes =1.40*1.5=2.1KN/m2 Total dead Load = 7.14KN/m2
Total dead load =5.04KN/m2 + 2.10 KN/m2
= 7.14 KN/m2

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Ref Calculation Output

Design live load for residential house = Live Load:
1.60*1.50KN/m2 = 2.40kN/m2 Imposed load
Design load (n) = 7.14KN/m2 + 2.40kN/m2=9.54KN/m2 Qk=
For a 1m width, n=9.54 KN ( n=Total distributed load on 2.40KN/m2
the slab panel) n=
9.54KN/m2
Bending moment in simply slab supported slab
BS Standard
According to the moment coefficients related to the
8110
design of slabs , cfr lecturer note table page 67

λ = Ly = 5.20 = 1.33 ~ 1.30

Lx 3.90

For panel P14 with four fixed sides( continuous edges);

Msx = ∝ sx * n Lx2
Mx- = 0.062 * 9.54 * 3.90 * 3.90 = 9.00 KNm
Mx+ = 0.027 * 9.54 * 3.90 * 3.90 = 3.92 KNm

Msy = ∝ sx * n Lx2
Mx- = 0.037 * 9.54 * 3.90 * 3.90 = 5.37 KNm
Mx+ = 0.016 * 9.54 * 3.90 * 3.90 = 2.32 KNm
 9

Conclusion

 Negative Mmax = 9.00KN/m ( For to used in design of

the required steel reinforcement at the top of slab
 Positive Mmax : 3.92KNm ( For to use in design of
the required steel reinforcement the bottom of the
slab)
Reinforcement Analysis
Effective depth = ho = 15cm -2,5 cm = 12.50 cm
a. Required steel at the top
∝ 𝑚 = Mmax = 9.00KNm x 100 = 0.041
Rb* b * ho2 1.40*100*(12.50)2
≅ 0.039 available in the table
∝ 𝑚 = 0.0.39 ξ = 0.04; = n = 0.980 ( see
table of coefficients relative to the design of members
subjected to bending moment page 65) of annex
RCDI
Ās= Mmax = 9.00*100 = 1.837cm2
n * Rs * ho 0.980*40*12.5
Ās = 1.66 cm2 =2 ø 12 = 2.26 cm2 ( not suffiscient)
Taken 5 ø12/m provide ø12/20cm. In general the
minimum bars required per meter the slab is taken as
5 bars ø 12
REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Ref Calculation Output

b) Required Steel at the bottom

∝m = Mmax = 3.92 x 100 = 0.018

Rb* b*ho2 1.40 *100*( 12.5)2
∝ 𝑚 = 0.031 ξ = 0.03; n= 0.985 Singly reinforced section
As+ = Mmax = 3.92 * 100 =0.792 cm2
n*RS*ho 0.990*40*12.5
As+= 1.010 cm2 ~ = 2 ø 8 ( not sufficient)
Taken 5ø12/m provide ø 12/20cm ( 5 bars min / m in slab)
 10

ARRANGEMENT OF STEEL REINFORCEMENT IN THE SLAB

a) Transverse cross section
Ln/3 Ln/3 Ln/3 Ln/3

5Ø12/m

5Ø12/m

Ln Ln

Ref Calculation Output

B. Plan view cross section
Ø12/20 cm

Lx = 3.90m
x

Ø12/20 cm

0,25L 025L Φ12/20cm

Φ12/20cm

Ly = 5.20m

Ø12/20 cm Ø12/20 cm
y Φ12/20cm

y
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REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Ref 4.2. DESIGN OF TYPICAL BEAM along C-C axis Output

- The total height (ht) of the beam has to be in the

range below :
ℓy < ht < ℓy =520 < ht < 520 = 34.67 < ht < 65
15 8 15 8 ht : 50 cm
Taken ht = 50 cm
- The Breadth of the section (bw) of the beam has to
be in the range below :
0.50 <bw < 1 = 0.50 = bw = b = 25 cm bw = 30 cm
ht 50
Taken : bw = 30 cm
- The flange (bf’) of the beam has to be the lesser of

a) ℓy = 520 = 173.33cm ~ 175cm

3 3
b) ℓx = 390 = 195 cm bf’ = 180 cm
2 2
c) 12hf+b = ( 12 * 15) + 25 = 205 cm
d) Taken bf’ = 175 cm

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN

Ref Calculation Output
BSS8110
4.2.1. Dimensions of the beam
( T. section)
Sketch

bf bf=175cm
hf bw = 30cm
ht hf = 15 cm
ht = 50cm
bw
 12

4.2.2. STRUCTURAL PLAN SHOWING LOCATION OF COLUMNS AND BEAMS

4.2.3. Influence areas chart showing the beam type along c-c axis that is
considered as overloaded

100
340
100 100 100

C 200
C

11111
100 100
100 100
370 370

420 520 320 270

A B C D E
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4.2.4. Calculation of areas of influence on the typical longitudinal beam along C-C axis

A1a = 1.00+4.20 x 1.70 = 4.42m2

2
A1b = 1.00+4.20 x 1.85 = 4.81m2
2
A2a = 1.00+ 5.20 x 1.00 = 3.10m2
2
A2b = 1.00+ 5.20 x 1.85 = 3.74m2
2
A3a = 100+3.20 x1.00 = 2.10m2
2
A3b = 3.20+1.35 = 2.16m2
2
A4a = 1.00 + 2.70 x 1.00 = 1.85m2
2
A4b = 2.70+ 1.35 x 1.82 = 1.82m2
2

Summary

A1 = A1a + A1b = 4.42 m2 + 4.81 m2 = 9.23 m2

A2 = A2a + A2b = 3.10 m2 + 3.74 m2 = 6.84 m2
A3 = A3a + A3b = 2.10 m2 + 2.16 m2 = 4.26 m2
A4 = A4a + A4b = 1.85 m2 + 1.82 m2 = 3.67 m2

4.2.5. Calculation of dead load on the typical longitudinal beam C-C axis

Static calculation chart

A L 1 B L2 C L3 D L 4 E

4.20m 5.20 m 3.20 m 2.70 m

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a) Dead load on span AB

- Self-weight of slab on span AB = 9.23 m2 * 0.125m * 24KN/m3 = 27.69KN

- Finishes = 9.23m2 * 0.50KN/m2 = 4.62KN,where 0.50KN/m2 is permanent load for
finishes (Béton armé, guide de calcul page 25)
- Maconnery wall = 0.20m * 3.00m * 3.00m * 18KN/m3 = 32.40KN
- Plaster on the wall = 0.03m * 3.00m * 3.00m * 2 * 20KN/m 3 = 10.80KN
- Self-weight of beam span AB = (0.50m – 0.125m) * 4.20 m * 0.30 m * KN/m3
= 0.375m * 4.20 * 0.30m * 24KN/m3
= 11.34KN
- Total dead load on span AB = 27.69KN+4.62KN+32.40KN+10.80KN+11.34KN
= 86.85KN
b) Dead load on span BC
- Self-weight of slab on span BC = 6.84 m2 * 0.125m * 24KN/m3 = 20.52KN
- Finishes = 6.84m2 * 0.50KN/m2 = 3.42KN
- Maconnery wall = 0.KN No wall above span BC ( beam crossing the living room)
- Plaster on the wall = 0 KN
- Self-weight of beam span BC = (0.50m – 0.125m) * 5.20 m * 0.30 m * 24KN/m3
= 0.375m * 5.20 * 0.30m * 24KN/m3
= 14.04KN
- Total dead load on span BC = 20.52KN+3.42KN+14.04KN= 37.98KN

C. Dead load on Span CD

- Self weight of slab on span CD = 4.26m2 x 0.125m x 24KN/m3 = 12.78 KN

- Finishes = 4.26m2 x 0.5 = 2.13 KN
- Maconnery wall = 0.20m * 3.00m * 3.20m * 18KN/m3=34.56KN
- Plaster on the wall = 0.03m * 3.00m * 3.20 m * 2 * 20 KN/m3= 11.52KN
- Self weight of beam span CD = ( 0.50 – 0.125) x 3.20m x 0.30m x 24KN/m3 = 14.58 KN
= 0.375m * 3.20m * 0.30m * 24KN/m3
= 8.64 KN
 15

-Total dead load on span CD = 12.78 KN + 2.13 KN + 34.56 KN + 11.52 KN + 8.64 KN

= 69.63 KN

C. Dead load on Span DE

- Self weight of slab on span DE = 3.67m2 x 0.125 x 24KN/m3 = 11.01 KN
- Finishes = 3.67m2 x 0.50KN/m2 = 1.84 KN
- Maconnery wall = 0.20m * 2.70m * 3.00m * 18KN/m3 = 29.16KN
- Plaster on the wall = 0.03m * 2.70m * 3.00 m * 2 * 20 KN/m3= 9.72KN
- Self weight of beam span DE = ( 0.50 – 0.125) x 2.70 x 0.30m x 24KN/m3
= 0.375m * 2.70m * 0.30m * 24 KN/m3
= 7.29KN
- Total dead load on span DE = 11.01 KN + 1.84KN + 29.16KN + 9.72KN = 51.73 KN

4.2.6. Calculations of live load on the typical longitudinal beam along C –C axis
Because of the purpose of the building, ( Residential) we assume that the live load is taken
as 1.50 KN/m2 = QK

4.2.7. Calculation of dead load per meter on the beam type = GK

 Span AB= 86.85KN / 4.20m = 20.68KN/m
 Span BC= 37.98KN / 5.20m = 7.31KN/m
 Span CD= 69.63KN / 3.20m = 21.76KN/m
 Span DE= 51.73KN / 2.70m = 19.16KN/m

4.2.8. Calculations of combination of load ( Design load ) P= n = 1.40GK+1.60Qk

 Span AB = (1.40 x 20.68) + ( 1.60 x 1.50) = 28.96 KN /m + 2.40KN/m = 31.36KN/m

 Span BC = (1.40 x 7.31) + ( 1.60 x 1.50) = 10.24 KN /m + 2.40KN/m = 12.64KN/m
 Span CD = (1.40 x 21.76) + ( 1.60 x 1.50) = 30.47 KN /m + 2.40KN/m = 32.87KN/m
 Span DE = (1.40 x 19.16) + ( 1.60 x 1.50) = 26.83 KN /m + 2.40KN/m = 29.23KN/m
 16

4.2.9. Calculation of bending moments and shear forces using CROSS’s moments
Distribution method (MDM)

4.2.9.1. Calculation of Fixed End Moments ( FEM )

a) FEM for span AB and BA

31.36KN/m = w

Mx
Mx

- +
L1= 4.20m

Mx- = WL12 Mx- = +WL12

12 12
Mx- = -31.36 * 4.20 * 4.20 Mx+ = -31.36 * 4.20 * 4.20
12 12
Mx- = -46.10KN.m Mx = 46.10KN.m
+ +

b) FEM for span BC and CB

12.64KN/m = w

Mx
Mx

- +
L2= 5.20m

Mx- = WL22 Mx- = +WL22

12 12
Mx = 12.64 * 5.20 * 5.20
- - Mx = +12.64 * 5.20 * 5.20
+

12 12
Mx = -28.48KN.m
- Mx = + 28.48KN.m
+

c) FEM for span CD and DC

32.87KN/m = w
 17

Mx

- +
L3= 3.20m

Mx- = WL32 Mx- = +WL32

12 12
Mx = 32.87 * 3.20 * 3.20
- - Mx = +32.87 * 3.20 * 3.20
+

12 12
Mx = - 28.05KN.m
- Mx+= + 28.05KN.m

d) FEM for span DE and ED

29.23KN/m = w

Mx Mx

- +
L4= 2.70m

Mx- = WL42 Mx- = +WL42

12 12
Mx = 29.23 * 2.70 * 2.70
- - Mx = +29.23 * 2.70 * 2.70
+

12 12
Mx = - 17.76KN.m
- Mx = + 17.76KN.m
+

4.2.9.2. Calculation of Distribution Factors ( DF)

Considering that :
- Joints A and E are rigid, so that moments at these points are zero
- Joints B attaching span BA and span BC
- Joints C attaching span CB and CD
- Joints D attaching span DC and span DE
According to formulas for calculation of DF and K value below:
𝐾( 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒)𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
DF= Ʃ𝐾(𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒)𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛 , where F is relative stiffness
𝐼
K = 𝐿, where I = moment of Inertia and = Length of relevant span
𝐼 𝐼
El taken as constant therefore I =1 and K 𝐿 = 𝐿 in the case of far end fixed

a) DF of span BA
 18

l l
0.24
DF = 4.20 = 4.20 = = 0.24 = 0.558
1 1 1 1 0.24 + 0.19 0.43
+ +
4.20 5.20 4.20 5.20
b) DF of span BC
l 0.19
DF = 5.20 = 0.19 = = 0.442
1 1 0.19 + 0.24 0.49
+
5.20 4.20

c) DF of span BC
l 0.19
DF = 5.20 = 0.19 = = 0.380
1 1 0.19 + 0.31 0.50
+
5.20 3.20

d) DF span CD
l 0.31
DF = 3.20 = 0.31 = = 0.620
1 1 0.31 + 0.19 0.50
+
3.20 5.20

e) DF of span DC
l 0.31
DF = 3.20 = 0.31 = = 0.456
1 1 0.31 + 0.37 0.68
+
3.20 2.70

f) DF of span DE
l 0.37
DF = 2.70 = 0.37 = = 0.544
1 1 0.37 + 0.31 0.68
+
2.70 3.20

4.2.9.3. Calculation of distribution moment or balanced moment ( BM)and

carryover of moment (COM)

(See on Moment Distribution Table below )

4.2.9.4. Calculation of Direct Shears (DIRV) and Auxiliary Shears ( AUXV)

 19

(See on Moment Distribution Table below)

4.2.9.5. Calculation of TOT Moments ( TOTM), Total Shears ( TOTV) and Reactions
at Supports ( RXNS)

(See on Moment Distribution Table below)

4.2.9.6. Moment Distribution Table using balanced Method

SPAN AB BA BC CB CD DC DE ED
DF 1 0.558 0.442 0.380 0.620 0.456 0.544 1
FEM -46.10 +46.10 -28.48 +28.48 -28.05 +28.05 -17.76 +17.76
Bal # 1 +46.10 -9.83 -7.79 -0.16 -0.27 -4.69 -5.60 -17.76
Com # 1 0 +23.05 -0.08 -3.90 -2.35 -0.14 -8.88 0
Bal # 2 0 -12.82 -10.15 +2.38 +3.88 +4.11 +4.91
Com # 2 0 0 +1.19 -5.08 +2.06 +1.94 0 0
Bal # 3 0 -0.66 -0.53 +1.14 +1.87 -0.88 -1.06
Com # 3 0 0 +0.57 -0.27 -0.44 +0.94 0 0
Bal # 4 0 -0.32 -0.25 +0.27 +0.44 -0.43 -0.51
Com # 4 0 0 +0.14 -0.13 -0.22 +0.22 0 0
Bal # 5 0 -0.08 -0.06 +0.13 +0.22 -0.10 -0.12
Com # 5 0 0 +0.07 -0.03 -0.05 +0.11 0 0
Bal # 6 0 -0.04 -0.03 +0.03 +0.05 -0.05 -0.06 0
Com # 6 0 0 +0.02 -0.02 -0.03 +0.03 0 0
TOTM 0 +45.40 -45.38 +22.84 -22.89 +29.11 -29.08 0
DIRV 65.86 65.86 32.86 32.86 52.59 52.59 39.46 39.46
AUX V 10.81 10.81 4.33 4.33 1.94 1.94 10.77 10.77
TOT V 55.05 76.67 37.19 28.53 50.65 54.53 50.23 28.69
RXN’S 55.05 113.86 79.18 104.76 28.69

TOTM = End moments at supports

TOT V = shear forces at support

RXN’S = reactions at support s

 20

4.2.10. Calculation of bending moments at midspan

a) MAB = WL12
= 31.36 x 4.20 x 4.20 = 69.15 KN.m
8 8
2
b) MBC = WL2 = 12.64 x 5.20 x 5.20 = 42.72 KN.m
8 8
2
c) MBC = WL3 = 32.87 x 3.20 x 3.20 = 42.07KN.m
8 8
2
d) MBC = WL4 = 29.23 x 2.70 x 2.70 = 26.64 KN.m
8 8

4.2.11. Chart of shears force or supports reactions

L 1 =4.20m B L 2=5.20m C L 3=3.20m L 4=2.70m

A D E

55.05 KN 28.69KN
113.86 KN 79.68KN 104.76KN
 21

Summary

Maximum hogging moment = Maximum at support = Mmax- = 45.40 KN.m

Maximum sagging moment = Maximum at midspan = Mmax+ = 69.15 KN .m

Maximum shear force = Vmax = 76.67KN

4.2.12. Required steel reinforcement in the beam type

 Effective depth (ℎ𝑜) = 50 cm – 3.00 cm = 47.00 cm

a) Required steel at the top or support reinforcement

∝ 𝑚 = Mmax- 45.40 x 100

= 0.049
Rb * b * ho2 = 1.40 * 30 * 47 * 47

∝ 𝑚 = 0.049 ξ = 0.04 and ᵑ = 0.980

ξ = 0.03 < ξ R = 0.559 The T section is singly reinforced

Thus x = ξ * ℎ𝑜 = 0.03 x 47 < 29 cm = ( ℎ𝑡 − ℎ𝑓) = 0.47- 0.15)

Where ℎ𝑓 is the thickness of the flange of the 𝑇 section. For that the compression area is
reinforced, we have :

As- = Mmax- 45.40 x 100

= 2.464 cm2
𝑛 x 𝑅𝑆 x ℎ𝑜 = 0.980 x 40 x 47
Because of the minimum bar in the beam is Ø 12, we must use Ø16

Provide = 3 Ø 16 = 6.03 cm2

b) Required steel at the bottom or mid span reinforcement

∝ 𝑚= Mmax+ = 69.15 * 100 = 0.079

= 0.079 cm2
𝑅𝑏 ∗ 𝑏𝑓 ∗ ℎ𝑜 2 1.40 * 175 * 47 * 47

∝ 𝑚 = 0.77 ξ = 0.08 and 𝑛 = 0.960

 22

ξ = 0.01 < ξ R = 0.559 The T section is singly reinforced

Thus x = ξ x ℎ𝑜 = 0.01 x 47.00 < (ℎ𝑓 − ℎ𝑓 = 15 cm ) ; The compression area is
reinforced
As = 69.15 x 100 = 3.83 cm2
0.960 x 40 x 47
Taken 3 Ø 14 = 4.62 cm 2

c) Design of stirrups or shear reinforcement

Vmax ( Maximum shear force) = 76.67 KN

qsw = shear force carried by stirrups

qsw = (Vmax)2

4φ𝑏𝑓 𝑥 𝑅𝑏𝑡 𝑥 𝑏𝑤 𝑥 ℎ𝑜2

Where φ𝑏𝑓 = 1.50

𝑅𝑏𝑡 = 0.09 KN/cm2

qsw = (76.67)2 5878.2889

= = 0.164KN/cm2
4 * 1.50 * 0.09 * 30 * 47 * 47 35785.80

 Set us use stirrups of Ø 8 Asw = 50.3 mm2 = 0.503 cm2

Rsw = 0.8 x Rs = 0.8 x 40 KN / cm2 = 3.20 KN / cm2

 Distance between stirrups ( S)

S = Rsw x Asw x n , where n = number of legs for stirrup
qsw
S = 0.8 x 40 KN/cm2 x 0.503 cm2 x 2
= 196.29 cm
0.164 KN/Cm2
Note: The distance between stirrups must be lesser than the three
following values
1) Smax = 0.75 φbf x Rbt x b x ℎo2
Vmax
= 0.75 x 1.50 x 0.09 x 30 x ( 47)2 = 6709.84 = 87.52 cm
Vmax 76.67
 23

2) The width of the beam web = bw =30 cm

3) 30 cm
Thus S = Min 87.52cm; 30 cm; 30 cm = 30 cm Taken : Ø 8 @30 cm
4.2.13. Arrangement of steel reinforcement in the beam

a) Longitudinal section

Column Column A

≤ 5 cm

≤ 5 cm 30 cm,30 cm, 30 cm ≤ 5 cm 30 cm 30 cm

Beam C- C

a) Cross section a- a

3 Ø 16HR

8 Ø 30 (Stirrup )
15 cm

35 cm

2 Ø 12 construction bars
 24

3 Ø 16 HR

Note: In order to respect the homogeneity and architectural appearance, all the beam have
to maintain the same cross section like above one.

4.2.14. DESIGN OF TIE BEAM or PLINTH BEAM ( See lecturer notes)

Without doing calculation, the theory assumes that the cross section of the tie beam
(plinth beam) have to be in the following range.
𝐿 𝐿
a) ℎ = 15
~ 10 where L = greatest span beam

b) b ≥ 20 cm where b= width of the tie beam

c) As
1% of the cross section of the tie beam therefore cross section
characteristics are:
4.40 4.40
a) ℎ = ~ ≫ ℎ = 0.29m ~ 0.44m
15 10

Taken h = 0.30m
b) b ≥ 20 cm
Taken b = 0.25
c) As = 1% * 25 cm * 30 cm = 705cm2( minimum value
As = 7.50cm2 = 4 Ø14
Provide 6 Ø 14 = 9.24 cm2

SKECTH

Ø8@20cm 6Ø12 30cm

25cm

4.2.15. DESIGN OF THE LINTEL BEAM

 25

Without calculation, the theory assumes that the cross section of the lintel beam have to be
in following range.

a) h>20cm
b) b=thickness of the wall maconery
c) As=1% of the cross section of the lintel beam.
Therefore, cross section characteristics are:
a) h=20cm
) b=20cm
c) As=1%*20cm*20cm=4cm2

SKECTH

4Ø12

20cm

20cm

REINFORCED CONCRETE DESING

Ref Calculation Output

4.3. COLUMN DESIGN ANALYSIS C22 ( see on
structural plan

Clear height of ground floor column = 300 cm ( see

architectural plan)

End conditions

Condition at top of the column

End of column is connected monolithically to beams on
either side and are at least as deep at the overall
 26

Condition at bottom of the column

End of column is connected monolithically to beams or to
footing on either side and are at least as deep as the
BS 8110
overall
Dimension of the column ( minimum cross section of
column AB = 25 * 25 cm
a= 250 mm b = 250 mm
𝛽 = 0.7 ( braced column)
H = Total height of column
Effective height of column = ℓo = 𝛽 * H
ℓo = 0.70 * 3.0m = 210 cm
λ ( slenderness ratio) : ℓo = 210 cm = 8.40≈ 8
a 25 cm
φ = 0.91 if λ = 8 ( page 25 on table of φ values in
RCDI)
Hence column is to be designed as short braced axially
loaded column ( short column )

Let us do design analysis of one internal column type.

4.3.1. Design analysis of column C22

4.3.1.1. Loads on the column nº C22

a) Column loading area = (2.10 x 4.10 ) + (2.10 x 5.10 ) + (5.10 x 3.80) + (3.80 x 4.10) = 13.58m2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2

b) Slab (permanent load) = 1.40 * 0.15m * 24KN/m3 * 13.58m2= 68.44KN

c) Live load from the slab = 1.50 KN / m2 x 1.60 m2 * 13.68m2= 32.59 KN
d) Load from beam 1.40*0.300* 0.375* 7.55 * 24 = 28.54KN
e) Load from the wall maconery = 1.40*0.20*3.00*5*18=75.60KN
S/total 28.54 KN + 75.60 KN = 104.14 KN
f) On floor of column = 1.40 x 0.25 x 0.25 x 3.00 x 24 = 6.30 KN

g) Load from the light roof ≅ Permanent load from slab = 68.44KN = 34.22KN
2 2
 27

4.3.2. Ground floor part of the column

N1 = ( 68.44KN + 32.59KN + 104.14KN) x 1 +(6.30KN * 2) + 34.22KN

N1 = 205.17 KN + 12.60KN+34.22KN = 251.99KN ~ 252.00KN

4.3.3. Required steel reinforcement

ℓo = 0.7 * 3.00 = 2.10

λ = 2.10 = 8.40 ˂ 14.3 short column ( see RCDI, page 46)

0.25
If λ = 8.40 ≈ 8 φ = 0.91 (see RCDI, page 25)

N1 -Rb * Ab 252.00KN – 1.40 * 625

φ 0.91
AS = =
RS 40

AS = 276.92 – 875 = - 14.95 cm2

40

Negative sign indicate that compression steel reinforcement is not required because AS < 0

Therefore the theory assumes that the minimum percentage of steel reinforcement must be
evaluated as follows

Asmin = 0.004 Ab

Asmin = 0.004 x 25 x 25 = 2.5 cm2

Token = 4 Ø 12 = 3.14 cm2

But, because of the minimum diameter of bar in the column is assumed as Ø 12, we must
use 4 Ø12

Thus we arrange the same steel up to the top floor

 Smin = distance between stirrups = 1 / 4 * 12 mm = 3mm

 Smax = 12 * Ø max = 12 * 12 = 144 mm ~ 15 cm
 S= 300mm
 28

Taken 15 cm

Ref Calculation Output

Token S = 15 cm

Thus we use Ø 8 @ 15 cm

CROSS SECTION OF THE COLUMN C22

25 cm

6Ø12
25 cm 8 @15cm

Ref Calculation Out

put
4.4. DESIGN OF PAD FOUNDATION footing nº 22

( see page 115 in B.S)

4.4.1. Soil bearing capacity

We assume that PS = 200 KN /m2

4.4.2. Characteristic load transmitted to the foundation

NC = 68.44 + 32.59 + 104.14 x 1 + 6.30 * 2 + 34.22

1.40 1.60 1.40 1.40 1.40
 29

NC = ( 48.89 + 20.37 +74.39 ) * 1 + 24.44 + 9.00

NC = 143.65 + 24.44 +9.00
NC = 177.09KN

4.4.3. Weight of the foundation

NC = 177.09 KN = 17.71 KN
10 10

4.4.4. Foundation base dimensions

Af = Area of footing = NC + NC / 10 = 177.09 + 17.71KN

PS 200

Af = 0.974cm2

af x bf = √0.98𝑐𝑚2 = 0.99 cm ~ 1.00 m

af = bf =0.99m Af = 1.00m2

Because of seismic zone provide 1.20m * 1.20m

4.4.5. Checking of the punching shear

 Condition of no punching shear:

Qf = Nf - ∆q ≤ Rbt X Ab

Where : Qf : Punching shear force

N1 = Nf = load transmitted by the column to the foundation

∆q = Balanced soil pressure

Ab = Average lateral area of the punching pyramid

Um : Average perimeter of the punching pyramid

Rbt = Concrete tensile design strength = (0,09 KN / cm2 )

P = pressure = Force = F = N1 = 252.00 KN=

Area A Af 14400 cm2

P = 0.018 KN/ cm2

af = bf = sides of footing
 30

ac = bc = dimensions of cross section of column

ℎ𝑜 = Effective depth of footing

 Let us take ℎ𝑓 = 30 cm ℎ𝑜 = ℎ𝑓 - 5 cm( it is recommended

to take minimum value of ℎ𝑓 with respect the equilibrium of 𝑄𝐹
formula below
ℎ𝑜 = 30 cm – 5 cm = 35 cm
𝑈𝑚 = 2 (𝑎𝑐 + 𝑏𝑐 + 2 ℎ𝑜) = 2 (25 + 25 + 2 𝑥 25)
𝑈𝑚 = 200 cm
𝐴𝑏 = 𝑈𝑚 𝑥 ℎ𝑜 = 200 cm x 25 cm = 5000 cm2
∆q = 𝑃( 𝑎𝑐 + 2 ℎ𝑜 )( 𝑏𝑐 + 2 ℎ𝑜)
∆q = 0.013 𝐾𝑁/𝑐𝑚2 ( 25 + 2 𝑥20) ( 25 + 2 x 25)
∆q = 0.013 𝑥 75 𝑥 75
∆q = 73.13 𝐾𝑁
Thus : 𝑄𝑓 = 𝑁𝑓 − ∆q ≤ 𝑅𝑏𝑡 𝑥 𝐴𝑏
𝑄𝑓 = 252.00 𝐾𝑁 − 73.13 𝐾𝑁 ≤ 0.9 𝑥 5000
𝑄𝑓 = 178.87 𝐾𝑁 < 4500 𝐾𝑁
The condition is satisfaction ; thus No punching shear
4.4.6. Required steel reinforcement for the foundation
𝑃 𝑥 𝑎𝑓 𝑏𝑓− 𝑏𝑐 2
𝑀𝑎𝑓 = 𝑀𝑏𝑓 = ( ) ( )
2 2

Where: 𝑀𝑎𝑓 : Bending moment about side 𝑎𝑓 of the

Footing
𝑀𝑏𝑓 : Bending moment about side bf of the footing
2
0,013 𝑥 120 120− 25
Thus : 𝑀𝑎𝑓 = 𝑀𝑏𝑓 =
2 2
= 0.78 x 2256.25 = 1759.88 KN.cm
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 1759.875 𝐾𝑁.𝑐𝑚
As = = = 1.96 cm2
0.9 𝑥 𝑅𝑠 𝑥 ℎ𝑜 0.90 𝑥 40 𝑥 25

As = 1.96 cm2 because of seismic zone

provide 7Ø14/m provide Ø14@ 20cm
 31

 Cross section
af = 120 cm

bf = 120cm
Ø 14 @ 20 cm

4.4.7. Steel Reinforcement Arrangement

Stirrup

15
Dowels
15
25
15
Lap length
15
25
15

15

30

120cm
 32

7Ø14

4.3.2. Design analysis of column C2

4.3.2.1. Load Design analysis of column C2 at intersection of I-I nad 2-2 axis on structural
plan

a) Column loading are :

S1 = 2.10 * 1.60 = 3.36m2
S2 = 1.20 * 1.60 = 2.00m2
S/Total = 5.36m2

b) Slab( permanent load) = 1.40*15*24KN/m3 * 5.36m2 = 27.01KN

c) Live load from the slab = 1.50KN/m2 * 1.60*5.36m2= 12.86KN
d) Load from beams = 0.30*( 0.50-0.125) *4.95m*24KN/m3*1.40
= 0.30*0.375m*4.95m*24KN/m3*1.40= 18.71KN
e) Load from maconery wall = 1.40*0.20m*4.95m*3.00m*18KN/m3= 74.85KN
f) One floor of column = 1.40*0.25m*0.25m*3.00m*24KN/m3 = 6.30KN
g) Load from the light roof = permanent load from slab = 27.01KN= 13.51KN
2 2

4.3.2.2. Ground floor part of the column

N1=(27.01KN+12.86KN+74.85KN+18.71KN)+(6.30KN*2) + 13.51

KN N1=133.43KN+12.60KN+13.51KN=159.54KN

4.3.2.3. Required steel reinforcement

Lo = 07 * 3.00 = 2.10m

λ= 2.10m = 8.40 ˂ 14.3 short column

 33

0.25m
If λ = 8.40 = 8 𝑄 = 0.91 (see RCDI, page 25)

N1 – Rb * Ab 159.54 – 1.40 * 625

φ
AS = = = 0.91 = 175.32- 875 = -17.49
RS * 625
40 40

Negative sign indicates that compression steel reinforcement is not required because AS ˂ 0.
Therefore that theory assumes that the minimum percentage of steel reinforcement must be
evaluated as follows
Asmin = 0.004 * Ab
Asmin = 0.004 * 25 * 25 * = 2.5m2
Taken 6 Ø12 = 6.79cm

Thus, we arrange the same steel up to the top floor

Smin = distance between stirrup = ¼ * 12mm = 3mm
Simax = 12 * Ømax = 12 * 12mm = 144mm2≈15cm
S= 300mm
We chouse S= 15cm and we use Ø 8@15cm
Cross section of the column C2 is

6Ø12 25m

25m
4.5. DESIGNA OF PAD FAUNDATION FOOTING Nº2

4.5.1. Soil bearing capacity

We assume that Ps = 200 KN/m2

4.5.2. Characteristic load transmitted

27.01 12.86 93.56 6.30∗2 13.51
NC = ( 1.40 + + )*( )+ 1.40
1.60 1.40 1.40

NC = 19.29 + 8.06 + 66.83 + 9 + 9.65

NC = 112.81KN
 34

4.5.3. Weight of the foundation

𝑁𝑐
𝑁𝑐+ 112.81+11.28
10
𝐴𝑓 = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = =
𝑃𝑠 200

124.09
𝐴𝑓 = = 0.62cm2
200

𝑎𝑓 ∗ 𝑏𝑓 = √0.62= 0.78m, taken 1.00m*1.00m

𝑎𝑓 = 𝑏𝑓 = 1.00m

4.5.4. Checking of the punching shear

Condition of no punching shear

Qƒ = ∆q ≤ Rbt * Ab
Where Qƒ = Punchimg shear force
∆ = Balanced soil pressure
Ab = Average lateral area of the punching pyramid
Um=Average perimeter of the punching pyramid
Rbt = Concrete tensile design strength = 0.9KN/cm2
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑐𝑒 𝐹 𝑁1 159.54𝐾𝑁
P= Pressure on the soil = 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝐴 =𝐴𝑓 = 10000𝑐𝑚2

P= 0.016 KN/cm2

𝑎𝑓 = 𝑏𝑓= sides of footing

𝑎𝑐 = 𝑏𝑐 = 𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛

ℎ𝑜 = 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔

Let us take ℎ𝑓 = 25 𝑐𝑚 = ℎ𝑜 = ℎ𝑓 − 5 𝑐𝑚

ℎ𝑜 = 25 𝑐𝑚 − 5𝑐𝑚 = 20𝑐𝑚

um = 2(act+bc+2ho) = 2 (25+25+2*20)

Um = 120cm

Ab = Um *ho = 180cm* 20cm = 3600cm2

∆𝑞 = 𝑃(𝑎𝑐 + 2ℎ𝑜)(𝑏𝑐 + 2ℎ𝑜)

0.14𝐾𝑁
∆𝑞 = * (25 + 2 ∗ 20) (25 + 2 ∗ 20)
𝑐𝑚2

∆𝑞 = 0.14 ∗ 65 ∗ 65 = 59.15𝐾𝑁
 35

Thus 𝑄𝑓 = 𝑁𝑓 − ∆𝑞 ≤ 𝑅𝑏𝑡 ∗ 𝐴𝑏 = 159.54𝐾𝑁 − 59.15𝐾𝑁 ≤ 0.9 ∗ 3600𝑐𝑚

𝑄𝑓 = 100.39𝐾𝑁 < 3240𝐾𝑁

The condition is satisfaction; therefore no punching shear

4.5.4. Required steel reinforcement for the foundation

𝑃∗𝑎𝑓 𝑏𝑓−𝑏𝑐 2
𝑀𝑐𝑓 = 𝑀𝑏𝑓 = ( )( )
2 2

Where 𝑀𝑎𝑓 = Bending moment about side 𝑎𝑓 of the footing

𝑀𝑎𝑓 = Bending moment about side 𝑏𝑓 the footing

0.14∗100 100−25
Thus : 𝑀𝑎𝑓 = 𝑀𝑏𝑓 = ( )( ) = 0.70*1406.25 = 984.376KN.cm
2 2

𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 984.375𝐾𝑁
𝐴𝑠= 0.9∗𝑅𝑠∗ℎ𝑜 = 0.90 .40∗20 = 1.37cm2

Because of sismic zone, we provide 6Ø14/m

 Cross section Ø14@20cm

bf = 100 cm

af = 100 cm

4.5.5. Steel reinforcement arrangement

Stirrup = Ø
8@15cm

25 cm

25 cm

6Ø14
25cm
 36

100cm

Ref Calculation Output

4.6.DESIGN OF STAIR CASE ( Reinforced
concrete)
Durability and fire resistance
Nominal cover for very moderate condition of exposure =
BS8110
25mm
Provide
Nominal cover for 1.5 hours fire resistance =20mm
Since 25>20,provide nominal cover =25mm nominal
Therefore durability and fire resistance are satisfactory Cover=25mm

Preliminary sizing of staircase members

Height from ground floor slab to first floor
R=183mm
slab=3000mm
G=278mm
Height from ground floor landing=3000/2=1500mm

a) Plan view

120cm

250cm

490cm

120cm
 37

b) Vertical cross

Vertical cross section

=30º96º 1.50 m = H/2

L = 2.50m
120
120

L= 4.90
c) Horizontal equivalent slab P
P1 P1

L = 2.50
1.20 1.20

L = 4.90m

4.6.1 Calculation of load P

- Tg∝ = H/2 = 150 = 0.600 ∝ = 30º 96

L 250
- Thickness of horizontal equivalent slab

ℎ= dℓ + 2 𝐻 1 = 18 + 2 x 18.33 = 33.21 cm

Cos∝ 3 0.85749 3

Where dl = thickness of slab of stair case and h = waist of slab of stair case and H1 = rise of stair

- Self load = 1.40 * 0.332m *1m * 24KN/m3 = 11.16 KN/m

- Finishes = 1.40 * 1.50 = 2.10 KN /m

- Live load = 1.60 * 3KN/m2*1m = 4.80KN/m

 38

 Calculation of load P = 11.16 + 2.10 + 4.8 = 18.06 KN /m

P = 18.06KN/m
P1 = 12.95KN/m

P 1= 12.95KN/m

4.6.2. Calculation of load P1

5. Self weight = 1.40 * 0.18 * 1 * 1 * 24 KN/m3 = 6.05 KN/m

6. Finishes = 1.40 x 1.50 = 2.1 KN/m
7. Live load = 1.60 x 3 = 4.80 KN/m
Total load P1 = 6.05KN/m + 2.10KN/m + 4.80 KN/m = 12.95 KN/m

4.5.3 Calculation of Maximum Bending moment for beam P1 as simply supported

P1 = 12.95 KN/m

L = 4.90m

Mmax 1 = P1L2 = 12.95 * 4.90 * 4.90 = 38.87 KN.m

8 8

4.5.4. Calculation of Maximum Bending moment for beam

P2 = 18.06KN/m – 12.95KN/m= 5.11KN/m

A 2.50 B
1.20 1.20
L/2 L/2

L= 4.90 m
 39

* RA = RB = PL = 5.11*2.50 = 6.39KN
2 2
Mx

RA

Mx – 6.39 * 0 = Mx 6.39 * in the range ( 0 ˂ X ˂1.00)

Mx

RA = 6.39KN

Mx – RA *X + P2 ( X – 1.00)2
2
Mx = RA * X - P2 ( X – 1.00)2 in the range ( 0 ˂ X ˂ 3.10)
2
Mx = 6.39 X – 5.11 ( X – 1.00)2
2
We know that d Mx = TX( Shear force) = 6.39 – 5.11 ( X – 1.00)
dx = 6.39 – 5.11x + 5.11
Tx = 11.50 – 5.11 -5.11x +11.50
X = 11.50 = 2.25m
- 5.11

b) Mmax2 = RA *X – P2 ( X-1.00)2 = 6.39 * 2.25 – 5.11 * (2.25 – 1.00)2

2 2
Mmax2 = 14.38 – 5.11 * 0.36
Mmax2 = 14.38 – 3.22 = 11.16KN.m

4.6.4. Calculation of Mmax

Mmax = Mmax1 + Mmax2
Mmax = 38.87KN.m + 11.16 KN.m
Mmax =50.03 KN.m
 40

4.6.5 . calculation of steel reinforcement in the stairs

Ho = h -2.5cm = 33.21cm – 2.50cm = 30.71cm

∝m= Total Mmax = 50.03 x100 = 0.038

Rb x b xh2o 1.40 x100 x 30.71x 30.71

From the table of coefficients related to the design of members subjected to bending
moment

∝m = 0.038 n = 0.980

Main steel reinforcement

.
AsM = Total Mmax = 50.03 x 100 = 4.16cm/m = 3Ø14
n x ho x Rs 0.980 x 30.71 x 40

Because of we have to use at least 5 Φ 14/ m in the slab, therefore we take the
minimum Provide 1 Φ14 @ 20cm as main steel reinforcement, it means 1 Ø14@20cm
Distribution steel reinforcement

Provide 1 Φ14@20cm as main steel reinforcement

Distribution steel reinforcement

AsD = AsM * ⅕ = 7.70cm2÷⅕ = 1.54cm2

For the same reason, we choose the minimum such as 5 Φ 12 = 5. 65 cm2,

thus, Provide 1Φ12 @ 20cm as distribution steel reinforcement
 41

4.6.6. Steel reinforcement arrangement in the stairs

18.33cm

27.78cm 5ø12/m

5ø14/m

5ø12/m
1.20 2.50 1.20

R= Rise = 18.33cm

T= Tread = 27.78 cm

W = Waist slab = 33.21cm

Dl = Thickness of slab = 18 cm

Design by : Augustin NDIMUTO

Certified civil Engineer