A Project Report on

ENERGY SAVING PROJECT FOR HEATING SYSTEM

USING ZIGBEE WIRELESS

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of

the Department of

Bachelor in Engineering

in

Electrical & Electronics Engineering

SUBMITTED BY

P.CHARISHMA RAO (2451-15-734-045)

K.HARSHITHA (2451-15-734-057)

Y.M.SHIVANI (2451-15-734-058)

Under the guidance:

S.SHYAM MOHAN

Assistant Professor

Department of EEE

MVSREC,Hyderabad

Dept.of Electrical and Electrical Engineering.

MVSR Engineering College, Nadergul, Hyderabad.

 2018-19

M.V.S.R. ENGINEERING COLLEGE

[Affiliated to Osmania University & Recognized by AICTE]
Nadergul (P.O), Hyderabad – 501510

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

This is to be certify that the project report entitled “Effective Energy Management on Heating
system using Zigbee” is a bonafide work carried out by Peechara Charishma Rao (2451-15-
734-045), Kancharla Harshitha (2451-15-734-057), Y.M.Shivani (2451-15-734-058) in partial
fulfillment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics
Engineering of the MVSR Engineering College, Hyderabad affiliated to Osmania
University, Hyderabad during the year 2018-19. The report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirements in respect of project work prescribed for the said degree.

Signature of the Project Guide Signature of the H.O.D.

S.Shyam Mohan, Dr.D.Venu Madhava Chary,
Assistant Professor, Professor&Head,
Department of EEE. Department of EEE.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of the task would be put incomplete
without the mention of the people who made it possible, whose constant guidance and
encouragement crown all the efforts with success.

I express my heartfelt thanks to Mr. S.SHYAM MOHAN, Assistant Professor, major

project supervisor, for his suggestions in selecting and carrying out the in-depth study of the
topic. His valuable guidance, encouragement and critical reviews really helped to shape this
report to perfection.

I wish to express my deep sense of gratitude to Dr. D.V.M.CHARY, Head of the

Department for his able guidance and useful suggestions, which helped me in completing the
technical seminar on time.

I also owe my special thanks to our Principal Dr. G.KANAKA DURGA for her intense
support, encouragement and for having provided all the facilities and support.

Finally thanks to all my family members and friends for their continuous support and
enthusiastic help.

P.CHARISHMA RAO (2451-15-734-045)

K.HARSHITHA (2451-15-734-057)

Y.M.SHIVANI (2451-15-734-058)
 DECLARATION

We P. CHARISHMA RAO (2451-15-734-045) , K. HARSHITHA (2451-15-734-057) ,

Y.M.Shivani (2451-15-734-058), students of B.E. 4/4, 2nd SEMESTER in ELECTRICAL
AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING hereby declare that the project work entitled
“EFEECTIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT ON HEATING SYSTEM USING ZIGBEE”
submitted to MVSR engineering college, Hyderabad during the academic year 2018-2019 is a
record of original work done by us under the guidance of Mr.S.SHYAM MOHAN, Assistant
professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, MVSR Engineering college,
Hyderabad. This project report is submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Electrical and Electronics engineering. This
report will not be submitted to any other university for the award of any degree or diploma.

Date:

Place:

P.CHARISHMA RAO (2451-15-734-045)

K.HARSHITHA (2451-15-734-057)
 Y.M.SHIVANI (2451-15-734-058)

ENERGY SAVING PROJECT FOR

HEATING SYSTEM USING ZIGBEE
WIRELESS
 ABSTRACT
An energy saving system is able to optimize power management and energy
efficiency of a home heating plant is proposed. Thanks to an advanced interface
and control architecture based on Zigbee wireless devices, a continuous control of
temperature is warranted making the efficient heating plant.

The system uses a sensor and actuator combination to control and guarantee the
desired system parameters; the information is transferred point-by-point using
Zigbee communication network and it’s sent to a central unit used to check the
peripheral devices state and to take appropriate measures in case of failure or
alarm.

The world passing the biggest problem of Electric power. Because the production
of power is less than the demand power of consumer side. In many countries the
increase in demand is growing at a faster rate than transmission capacity and the
cost of providing power is also increasing due to the higher coal prices and
deficiency of fuel etc.
Most important reason is that not getting regular and sufficient power to
consumers because the growing population of countries. To overcome the problem
of power distribution this paper provides an overview of wireless sensor network
by managing the equal power distribution by using zigbee network sensor.

Wireless communication is the transfer of information over a distance without the

use of electrical conductors or wires. Zigbee provides proper network topology,
and it overcomes all problems in industries caused due to environmental issues.

We tested Zigbee networks in various environmental conditions for industrial

applications like speed control of D.C motor, Illumination control of incandescent
lamp and temperature control. In future we can also test other Zigbee Networks for
proper wireless data communication.

In this project there are two sections, section1 is main section. In this section
Temperature sensor is placed. The sensor module measures the temperature of the
heating system, the temperature value is analog.
 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1-3

1.1.1 Aim ............................................................................................................................ 1
1.1.2Description .................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Block diagram .................................................................................................... 3

2. EMBEDDED SYSTEMS ....................................................................... 4-9

2.1 Embedded systems .................................................................................................... 4
2.1.1 Application area .................................................................................................... 4
2.1.2 Consumer appliances .............................................................................. 5
2.1.3 Office automation ................................................................................... 5
2.1.4 Industrial automation ............................................................................... 5
2.1.5 Telecommunication ................................................................................. 5
2.1.6 Wireless technologies .............................................................................. 6
2.1.7 Security .................................................................................................... 6
 2.2 Over view of embedded system architecture .............................................................. 6
2.2.1 Central processing unit (CPU) ................................................................ 8
2.2.2 Memory ................................................................................................... 8
2.2.3 Input device ............................................................................................ 8
2.2.4 Output device ....................................................................................... 9
2.2.5 Communication interface ................................................................... 9

3.HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS .................................................. 10-40

3.1 Power supply ................................................................................................. 10
3.1.1 Transformer............................................................................................. 10
3.1.2 Rectifier ................................................................................................ 11
3.1.3 Bridge rectifier ....................................................................................... 11
3.1.4 Smoothing .............................................................................................. 12
3.1.5 Voltage regulator ................................................................................... 12
3.2 Light emitting diode .................................................................................................. 13
3.2.1 Types of LED ................................................................................................. 13
3.2.2 Operating parameters and circuit symbols .............................................. 13
3.3 Microcontroller ................................................................................................. 15
3.4 Arduino Nano board ................................................................................................. 16
3.5 Atmega 328P features ............................................................................................... 17
3.6 Description ................................................................................................ 17
3.6.1 Power .................................................................................................. 17
3.6.2 Memory .................................................................................................. 17
3.6.3 Input output ................................................................................................. 19
3.6.4 Communication .......................................................................................... 19
3.6.5 Programming.............................................................................................. 19
3.6.6 Automatic (software reset) ......................................................................... 21
3.7 Pin diagram .................................................................................................. 23
3.8 Pin description ................................................................................................. 24
3.9 Communication and programming ............................................................................ 24
3.10. Reset ................................................................................................. 24
3.10.1 Difference between Arduino Nano and Arduino Uno .......................................... 25
3.10.2 Applications ............................................................................................... 26
3.11 Temperature sensor 27
3.11.1 Temperature sensor (LM35) .................................................................... 27
3.11.2 Pin definition .......................................................................................... 28
3.11.3 Features of temperature sensor ................................................................. 28
3.11.4 Specification ............................................................................................. 28
3.11.5 Description ................................................................................................ 28
3.11.6 Application ................................................................................................ 28
3.12 Buzzer .................................................................................................. 30
3.13 Liquid crystal display (LCD) .................................................................................... 31
3.13.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 31
3.13.2 Pin description ................................................................................................. 31
3.13.3 Pin configuration table for a 16*2 LCD character display ....................... 32
3.13.4liquid crystal display interfacing with controller ....................................... 32
3.14 Zigbee .................................................................................................. 33
3.14.1 Zigbee protocol features .......................................................................... 33
3.14.2 Specification ............................................................................................ 34
3.14.3 Description ............................................................................................... 34
3.14.4 Uses .................................................................................................. 35
3.14.5 Zigbee comparision ................................................................................... 35
3.15 Triac ................................................................................................. 35

4. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM ...................................................................... 37-39

5. SOFTWARE SPECIFICATIONS ................................................... 40-44
 4.1.1 Arduino programming language ............................................................... 40
4.1.2 Program .................................................................................................. 42

6. WORKING AND OUTPUT............................................................. 45-46

7. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE ............................................. 47

8. REFERENCES ................................................................................... 48

LIST OF FIGURES

1.1 Main section 3

1.2 Control section 3

2.1 Layered Architecture of an embedded system 6

2.2 Building block of the hardware of an embedded system 8

3.1 Block diagram of power supply 10

3.2 Bridge Rectifier 11

3.3 Output waveform of DC 12

3.4 Regulator 13

3.5 Circuit diagram of power supply 13

3.6 Led 14

3.7 Arduino Board 16

3.8 Block diagram of Arduino nano 21

3.9 Pin diagram of Arduino nano 20

3.10 Temperature sensor 29

3.11 Buzzer 30

3.12 16x2 LCD 31

3.15 Zigbee module 33

3.16 Triac 36

3.17 Main section 41

3.18 Control section 42