PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

CHAPTER 1

Nature of Inquiry
and Research
- studious inquiry or
examination; especially
investigation or
experimentation aimed at the
discovery and interpretation of
facts
-Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
- a systematic inquiry that investigates
hypotheses, suggests new
interpretations of data or texts, and
poses new questions for future
research to explore.

-UC San Diego)

- a process of steps used to collect
and analyse information to increase
our understanding of a topic or issue.
It consists of 3 steps: pose a question,
collect a data to the answer the
question, and present an answer to
the question.
-John W. Creswell, 2008
- commonly referred to as basic or
“pure research”.
- aim to improve the scientific theories for
improved understanding and prediction of
natural or other phenomena
-Wikipedia, 2017

Example:
- applied research
- action research
- developmental research
- The creation of new knowledge
and/or the use of existing knowledge
in a new and creative way so as to
generate new concepts,
methodologies and understanding

-Jonathan O’Donnell, 2012

- A process of investigation. It is a hunt
for the truth. It is getting to know a
subject by reading up on it,
reflecting, playing with the ideas,
choosing the areas that interest you
and following up on them. Research
is the way you educate yourself.
-Online Library of Learning Center, 2017
- It is searching for and gathering
information, usually to answer a
particular question or problem.

- College of San Mateo, 2017

Characteristics of Research
1. Research begins with a question in the mind
of a research
2. Research required a plan
3. Research demands a clear statement of the
problem
4. Research deals with the main problem
through sub-problems
5. Research seeks direction through
appropriate hypothesis
6. Research deals with facts and their meaning
7. Research is circular
Characteristics of Research:
1. Empirical – based on observation and
experimentation on theories
2. Systematic – follows orderly and
sequential procedure
3. Controlled – all variables except
those that are tested/experimented
upon are kept constant
4. Employs hypothesis – guides the
investigation process
Characteristics of Research:
5. Analytical – there is critical analysis of
all data used so that there is no error
in their interpretation
6. Objective, unbiased, & Logical – all
findings are logically based on
empirical
7. Employs quantitative or statistical
methods – data are transformed into
numerical measures and are treated
statistically
- Explaining phenomena by collecting
numerical data that are analysed
using mathematically based methods
- It is used to quantify the problem by
the way generating numerical data or
data that can be transformed into
useable statistics. It is used to quantify
attitudes, opinions, behaviors and
other defined variables – a generalize
results from a larger sample
population.
- It uses measurable data to
formulate facts and uncover
patterns in research. The
quantitative data collection
methods are much more structured
than qualitative data collection
method.
Quantitative Data Collection Methods:
- Online surveys
- Paper surveys
- Mobile surveys and kiosk surveys
- Face-to-face interviews
- Telephone interviews
- Longitudinal studies
- Website interceptors
- Online polls
- Systematic observation
- is a type of empirical investigation.

Focuses on the verifiable

observation as opposed
to theory or logic
-The data produced are always
numerical, and they are analysed using
mathematical and statistical methods.

If there is NO NUMBER INVOLVED, then

it’s NOT quantitative research.
QUANTITATIVE Research aimed to
develop critical thinking and problem-
solving through quantitative research.
HOW QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH WORKS?
3 MAJOR TENETS
1. Observing and explaining
occurrences
- form of question
- It can also be expressed as a
hypothesis but in this case, the
search for an explanation is
made as a statement to be
proved or disproved –
depending on the goals of your
research
2. Collecting information
-focused specifically on
numerical information, aka
as “data”

3. Analyzing the information

- done with statistics