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CE-I-2Marks
1. Find the value of R so that maximum
power will transfer to external
resistance R
E R
R1
2
dP E
1. R = r + R1 , = 0 , where P = ×R
dR (r + R1 + R )2
R2
R3
R1 = 10 Ω
Sw
E = 10 V
A
3Ω
370
1. r = 10 Ω ; = 10
10r
22 +
10 + r
A
2. The given network is part of another larger circuit. 33 V
Calculate the potential of point D. 1.2 Ω
3Ω
42 V
B D
4Ω O
6Ω 3A
5Ω
53 V
C [2]
3. When two resistances X and Y are put in the left hand and right hand gaps in a meter bridge,
the null point is at 60cm. If X is shunted by a resistance equal to half of itself then find the
shift in the null point.
2]
X 60 3
= = . . . . (1)
Y 40 2
When X is shunted then resistance in the left gap becomes
X/2
X
X.
X' = 2 = X . . . . (2)
X 3
X+
2 60 cm 40 cm
X
Now =
3 l 1 3 l
⇒ × = ⇒ l = 33.3 cm
Y (100 − l ) 3 2 (100 − l )
∴ Shift = 60–33.3=26.7 cm
2R
2V
E = 110 V r = 5Ω
5. Current in resistance R is
E × 50
50R (50 + R )
r +
50 + R
2
E
Power = × 50 × R
50R + 50r + Rr
For maximum power
dP 50
=0 ⇒ R= .
dr 11
⇒ R = 60 Ω
For loop 2 -2.25 R – 0.75 R + E = 0 2 R 1 30 Ω
E1 = 100 V
S
1
2
5Ω C2 = 2F
E2 = 200 V
7. q in on 4F
= 4 × 100 (1 – e-12/40)
= 103.6 C.
for 2F capacitor:
q = 232.7 (1 – e-t/20 )
66.4 = 232.7 (1 – E-T/20 )
t = 13.8 sec.
8. When two resistances X and Y are put in the left hand and right hand gaps in a meter bridge,
the null point is at 60cm away from the point where resistance X is connected with the meter
bridge. If X is shunted by a resistance equal to half of itself then find the shift in the null point.
X 60 3
= = . . . . (1)
Y 40 2
When X is shunted then resistance in the left
X/2
gap becomes
X
X.
X' = 2 = X . . . . (2)
X 3 60 cm 40 cm
X+
2
X
Now =
3 l 1 3 l
⇒ × = ⇒ l = 33.3 cm
Y (100 − l ) 3 2 (100 − l )
∴ Shift = 60 – 33.3 = 26.7 cm.
A
3Ω
220
9. r = 2.5 Ω, 10 =
10r
20 +
10 + r
to maximum power.
E = 110 V r = 5Ω
E × 50
50R (50 + R )
r +
50 + R
2
E
Power = × 50 × R
50R + 50r + Rr
For maximum power
dP 50
=0 ⇒ R= .
dr 11
11. Ends of two wires A and B having resistivity ρ A = 3 × 10-5 Ωm and P B = 6 × 10-5 Ωm of
same cross section area are joined together to form a single wire. If the resistance of the
joined wire does not change with temperature, then find the ratio of their lengths, given that
temperature coefficient of resistivity of wire A and B is α A = 4 × 10-5 / 0C and
α B = -6 × 10-6 /0C. Assume that mechanical dimensions do not change with temperature.
[2]
11. R′A = R A (1 + α A ∆T )
R′B = RB (1 + αB ∆T )
R′ = R A (1 + α A ∆T) + RB (1 + αB∆T)
From given condition,
RA (1 + αA∆T) + RB (1 + αB∆T) = RA + RB
PA A P
α A + B B αB = 0
AA AB
A 3
⇒ =
B 10
ε
13. I=
r + R2
CE-III-2Marks
S
E = 14 V
[4]
15
1. R= Ω
14
Vc = 0 volt
E3
R4 [2]
R1 E1
3. In steady state, there will be no current in R1 y
b
Loop containing E1 and R3
E1 – (x – y) R3 = 0 C Y y
Loop containing E2, E3, R4, R3, R2 a
E3 – x R4- (x – y) R3 – x R2 + E2 = 0 x R2
x
R3 X-y
E2
⇒ 2 (x – y) = 3 and 9x – 4y = 5
⇒ x = -0.2 A, y = - 1.7 A
R4 x
current in R3 = x - y = - 0.2 – (-1.7) = 1.5 A E3
potential difference across capacitor C = Va – Vb
= - xR2 + E2 = 2.4 volts
1
Energy stored = CV2
2
1
= (5 × 10-6) (2.4)2
2
= 1.44 × 10-5J
R
S
E
6. not possible. D
By Whetstone Bridge we can see no two terminals
satisfy the condition.
A B
A
3Ω
[2]
7. r = 2.25 Ω
8. A capacitor loses a certain fraction of its charge in 30sec because of humidity in the air
giving rise to leakage between its terminals. When a 4MΩ resistance is connected between
its terminals, in the presence of humidity, the same fraction of charge is lost in 7.5s.
Calculate the leakage resistance due to humidity. [10]
8. Leakage resistance = R
External resistance = R = 4MΩ
Initially :
t1
−
Rc
q1 = q0 (1 - e )
− t 2 (R + R )
Finally q1 = q0 1 − e R RC
1 2 [2]
C1C2
9. When S is open, C1 and C2 are in series and their equivalent capacitance is
C1 + C2
Charge on the plates 1 and 3 is
C1C2
Q=+ ε.
C1 + C2
When S is closed P.D. across C1 is zero. C1
S
⇒ Charge on the plate 1 is 0. 2 1
If Charge flown through 2 is q, then Q + q = 0 3
C2
ε ε
CC 4
⇒ q = -Q = − 1 2 ε
C1 + C2
1 2
Charge on the plate 3 is C2ε, which is also equal to the charge flown through 1.
CE-I-4Marks
1. The figure shows part of certain circuit find
(i) Power dissipated in 6Ω resistance.
(ii) Potential difference VC - VB
(iii) Potential difference VA - VD
2A
2Ω 4Ω 2Ω 5A
• •
A
8V 5V 4V
B
1Ω 6Ω
2A
C D
1.
2A
2Ω 7A 4Ω 2Ω 5A
• •
A
8V 5V 4V B
1Ω 6Ω
9A 2A
C D
Apply junction rule to calculate the current through each resistor
(i) P = I2R ⇒ P(6Ω) = 24 Watt
(ii) VC - VB = VBC = 4 + (5 × 2) + 5 + (7 × 4) + 9 × 1 V = 56 V
(iii) VA - VD = VDA = - 2 × 2 - 8 + 7 ×4 + 5 + 6 × 2 = 33 V
[4]
ε
2. I=
(r + R 2 )
ε q q
× R2 = +
(r + R 2 ) C1 C2
ER 2C1C2
q=
(r + R 2 )(C1 + C2 )
q
∴ v1 =
C1
ER 2C2 q ER 2
= , v2 = =
(r + R 2 )(C1 + C2 ) C2 (r + R 2 )(C1 + C2 )
3. Two wires A and B having resistivity ρA = 3 × 10-5 Ωm and ρB = 6 × 10-5 Ωm of same cross
section area are connected end to end to form a single wire. If the resistance of the joined
wire does not change with temperature, then find the ratio of their lengths, given that
temperature coefficient of resistivity of wire A and B is αA = 4 × 10-5 / 0C and αB = -6 × 10-6
/0C. Assume that mechanical dimensions do not change with temperature. [4]
3. R′A = R A (1 + α A ∆T )
R′B = RB (1 + αB ∆T )
R′ = RA (1 + αA∆T) + RB (1 + αB∆T)
From given condition,
RA (1 + αA∆T) + RB (1 + αB∆T) = RA + RB
PA A P
α A + B B αB = 0
AA AB
3
⇒ A =
B 10
q1 -q1
q2 -q2
12V 12V
2µF 4µF
12V
12V
12V
21
∴ q = CV = × 12 µC = 25.2 µC
10
q 25.2µC
v12 = = = 8.4 V ∴ v23 = 12 – 8.4 = 3.6V
C 3µC
∴ q1 = C1V12 = 1µF × 8.4 V = 8.4 µC
q2 = C2V12 = 2µF × 8.4 V = 16.8 µC
q3 = C3V23 = 3µF × 3.6 V = 10.8 µC
q4 = C4V23 = 4µF × 3.6 V = 14.4 µC
R N
nR
R nR
5. For loop 1 M I1 (I - I1)
I C
-I1R + R(I – 2I1) + nR(I – I1) = 0 R
⇒ I1 (R + 2R + nR) = I (R + nR)
I(n + 1) (I – I1)
⇒ I1 = nR R I1 N
(n + 3)
For loop AMCNDA ; we have from kLL
A D
-I1R – (I – I1)nR + V = 0 I
V
⇒ I1 (R – nR) = V –nIR
I(n + 1)
⇒ R(1 – n) + nIR = V
(n + 3)
1 − n2
⇒ IR + n = v
n+3
1 + 3n
⇒ v = IR
n + 3
3n + 1
∴ Req = R
n+3
6. (a) A conducting wire of length 10 m and cross sectional area 10-8 m2 is suspended vertically
and a weight of 10 N is attached to it. Find the approximate percentage change in the
resistance of the wire, if Young’s modulus of elasticity and the resistivity of the wire are
respectively 9 × 1010 N/m2 and 1.5 × 10-8 ohm-meter.
(b) In the following circuit find the value of ‘R’ when (i)
25 W of power is delivered to 11V ideal voltage 0.05 Ω R 0.04 Ω
source and also (ii) when the 25 w of power is
delivered to the combination of 0.04 Ω and 11V. 14 V 11 V
6. (a) R2 – R1 = ρ 2 − 1
A 2 A1
ρ ρ
= ( 22 − 21 ) = (2 1∆ + ∆ 2 )
1A1 1A1
2ρ
R 2 − R1 = ∆
A1
F 1 2ρ F. 1
But Y = ⇒ R2 – R1 =
A1∆ A1 A1y
2(1.5 × 10 −8 )10(10) 3 × 1010 1
= −8 2
= = .
(10 ) × 9 × 10 10
9 × 1010
3
ρ 1 1.5 × 10 −8 (10)
but R1 = = = 15Ω
A1 10 − 8
∆R 1
∴ % change in R = × 100 = × 100 = 2.2%
R 3 × 15
p 25
(b) (i) I = = … (i) and
v 11
v 14 − 11
I = net = … (ii)
Rnet 0.05 + 0.04 + R
∴ from (i) and (ii) R = 1.23 Ω
(ii) P = i2R + vi
25 = 0.04 i2 + 11 i
− 11 ± 121 + 4
⇒ i= = 2.25 A
0.08
v 14 − 11
∴ i = net ; = 2.25
Rnet 0.05 + 0.04 + R
⇒ R = 1.24 Ω.
q1′ q′2
+ =ε …(1) 1 2 3 4
C1 C2
Net charge on plates 2 and 3 will remain conserved.
∴ –q′1 + q′2 = – q1 + q2 ….(2)
ε
[4]
8. R = 50 / 11
1 2 [2]
C1C2
9. When S is open, C1 and C2 are in series and their equivalent capacitance is
C1 + C2
Charge on the plates 1 and 3 is
C1C2
Q=+ ε.
C1 + C2
When S is closed P.D. across C1 is zero. C1
S
⇒ Charge on the plate 1 is 0. 2 1
If Charge flown through 2 is q, then Q + q = 0 3
C
ε 2 ε
C1C2 4
⇒ q = -Q = − ε
C1 + C2
1 2
Charge on the plate 3 is C2ε, which is also equal to the charge flown through 1.
10. Ends of two wires A and B having resistivity ρA = 3 × 10-5 Ωm and PB = 6 × 10-5 Ωm of same
cross section area are joined together to form a single wire. If the resistance of the joined
wire does not change with temperature, then find the ratio of their lengths, given that
temperature coefficient of resistivity of wire A and B is αA = 4 × 10-5 / 0C and
αB = -6 × 10-6 /0C. Assume that mechanical dimensions do not change with temperature. [2]
10. R′A = R A (1 + α A ∆T )
R′B = RB (1 + αB ∆T )
R′ = RA (1 + αA∆T) + RB (1 + αB∆T)
From given condition,
RA (1 + αA∆T) + RB (1 + αB∆T) = RA + RB
PA A P
α A + B B αB = 0
AA AB
A 3
⇒ =
B 10
2Ω 25V
E D
2Ω 25V
(b)
75
vA - vB = volt
19
19 75
Hence, charge on capacitor = = 1 µC.
75 19
15. Charges q1, q2 and q3 are placed on capacitors of C1 C2 C3
+ – + – + –
capacitance C1, C2 & C3 respectively arranged in
q1 q2
series as shown. Switch S is then closed. What q3
are the final charges q′1, q′2 and q′3 on the
capacitors ?
Given q1 = 30µc, q2 = 20 µc, q3 = 10µc; S ε
C1 = 10µF, C2 = 20µF, C3 = 30µF [4]
and ε = 12 Volts
Using equations (1), (2) and (3) and putting values we get,
790 680 570
q′1 = µC, q′2 = µC, q′3 = µC.
11 11 11
CE-II-4Marks
1. Calculate the charge on each capacitor and
the potential difference across it in steady 6µF 2µF
state in the circuit shown for the cases 1µF
(i) switch s closed, & 20Ω
(ii) switch s open. 10Ω
S
(ii) With switch ‘S’ is open, as there is no current in any branch of the given circuit.
P.d. across c3 = 100 V and charge on c3 = (100) (1) µ Coul = 10-4 Coul.
Similarly charge on c2 = charge on c1 = [3/2 µF] [100 V] = 150 µC
P.d. across c1 = (150 µc)/(6µF) = 25 v and p.d. across c2 = (100 - 25) V = 75 V .
−1
RR x / 2 RR x / 2
2. Rx = R R + R + R +
R + R x / 2 R + R x / 2
solving this equation, we obtain
R( 7 − 1) aρ( 7 − 1)
RAB = Rx = = .
3 3
(b) When Q = 200 µC, then the total energy of the circuit is i
stored in the capacitor i.e., no current flows through the
circuit. Hence current I in the circuit is zero.
I=0 dI C +
L q
(c) I = I0 cos ωt dt −
∴ ωt = 600 (when I = I0 / 2)
q 3
so q = 0 = 100 3 µC.
2
ε − q/ c t
ln =− f e d
ε R 2c
q = εc(1 - e − t / R 2c )
q t
ln =−
q0 (R1 + R 2 )C
q = q0 e − t / R1 + R 2 )C
5. For ammeter 99 Ω
i Ig
99 Ig = (I – Ig) 1 G
or I = 100 Ig . . . (i)
Ig is the full scale deflection current of the
galvanometer and I is the range of ammeter
1Ω
16 Ω 24 Ω
i
D
10Ω
K2 55 V
7. Let the galvanometer be connected at x from end A resistance of the element of this part will
ρdx
be let dRx =
πr x 2
r
∴ rx = r + x = r (1 + x)
1
Resistance between A to x be let R1
x
ρdx ρ 1
R1 = ∫ π(1 + x ) 2 r 2 =
πr 2
1−
1 + x
0
and resistance between x and B be let R2
1
ρdx ρ 1 1
R2 = ∫( )
π π 1+ x r
2 2
= 2 −
πr 1 + x 2
For null point
R1 4 1 1 1
= ⇒ 1− = −
R2 4 1+ x 1+ x 2
1
⇒ x = m = 33.33 cm
3
8. Find the potential difference ϕA - ϕB between the plates of a R3 C
capacitor C in the circuit shown in the figure, when it A B
reaches the steady state. The sources have emf's E1 = 4.0 V R2
E2
R1
and E2 = 1.0 V and the resistances are equal to R1 = 10Ω,
R2 = 20Ω, and R3 = 30Ω. The internal resistances of the
sources are negligible
E1 [4]
R1 + R 2
εR 2 C2
−t
Req ( C 1 + C 2 )
⇒ q2 = 1 − e
( R1 + R 2 )
εR1C1 −
t
R eq ( C 1 + C 2 )
Similarly, q1 = 1− e
( R1 + R 2 )
t
−
εC1
e eq ( 1 2 )
dq 1 R C +C
⇒ i1 = =
dt R 2 ( C1 + C 2 )
−t
εC 2
e eq ( 1 2 )
R C +C
Similarly , i2 =
R1 ( C1 + C 2 )
48µC 2A
2A
fig.(ii)
36µC
With switch S2 open and S1 closed , the
equilibrium charges are as shown in
fig.(iii). 72µC
fig.(iii)
Hence the charge flown through switch S1 = [(36 + 72) - (12 + 48)]µC = 48µC.
Total heat dissipated in the resistors = [Initial energy + work done by battery when
48 µC flows through it after switch S2 is opened ] - [Final energy]
1 1
= C1V12 + C2 V22 + ε(∆Q ) − C1V '12 + C2 V '22 = 216µJ
1 1
2 2 2 2
10. The figure shows part of certain circuit find
(i) Power dissipated in 6Ω resistance.
(ii) Potential difference VC - VB
(iii) Potential difference VA - VD [4]
2A
2Ω 4Ω 2Ω 5A
• •
A B
8V 5V 4V
1Ω 6Ω
2A
C D
10. 2A
2Ω 4Ω 2Ω 5A
• •
A B
8V 5V 4V
1Ω 6Ω
9A 2A
C D
Apply junction rule to calculate the current thorugh each resistor
(i) P = I2R ⇒ P = 24 Watt
(ii) VC - VB = VBC = 4 + (5 × 2) + 5 + (7 × 4) + 9 × 1 V = 56 V
(iii) VA - VD = VDA = - 2 × 2 + 8 + 7× 4 + 5 + 2× 6 = 49 V.
q1 = ε1C
after switching k − q1
E1 E2
q2 = E2 C +2 q2
so work done by battery
E2 = (q1 + q2)
heat liberated R
q2 q2
Q = E2 (q1 + q2) - 2 − 1 q1
2C 2C + C
E1 E2
C(E1 + E2 ) 2 − q2
=
2
[6]
12. R = 55 Ω for maximum power
Pmax = 55 watt.
a
R4 = 5 Ω
13. 20 I1 - 10 I2 = 100 V 50 V
30 I2 - 10 I1 - 20I3 = (-100 - 50)v . . . (ii) I2
25 I3 - 20 I2 = 100 . . . (iii) 10 Ω 10 Ω 100 V
rewriting equations I1
2I1 - I2 = 10 . . . (iv) 100 V
20 Ω
3I2 - I1 - 2 I3 = -15 . . . (v) I3
2.5 I3 - 2I2 = 10 . . . (vi)
5I3 - 4I2 = 20 5Ω
R
14. In the circuit shown in the figure R = 50 Ω, E1 = 5 3 Volt and
E2 = 25 6 sin ωt Volt. where ω = 100 π/sec. The switch ‘s’ is
closed at t = 0 and remains closed for 14 minutes. Then it is
opened. Find amount of heat dissipated through the resistor.
~
s
E1 E2
[4]
1 5 3 3
14. I(t) = (E1 + E 2 ) = (1 + 5 2 sin ωt) = (1 + 5 2 sin ωt)
R 50 10
15. Two wires A and B having resistivity ρA = 3 × 10-5 Ωm and ρB = 6 × 10-5 Ωm of same cross
section area are connected end to end to form a single wire. If the resistance of the joined
wire does not change with temperature, then find the ratio of their lengths, given that
temperature coefficient of resistivity of wire A and B is αA = 4 × 10-5 / 0C and αB = -6 × 10-6
/0C. Assume that mechanical dimensions do not change with temperature. [4]
15. R′A = R A (1 + α A ∆T )
R′B = RB (1 + αB ∆T )
R′ = RA (1 + αA∆T) + RB (1 + αB∆T)
From given condition,
RA (1 + αA∆T) + RB (1 + αB∆T) = RA + RB
PA A P
α A + B B αB = 0
AA AB
3
⇒ A =
B 10
16. A galvanometer of 100 Ω gives a full scale deflection for a current of 1 mA
(a) How will you convert it into an ammeter giving full scale deflection for a current of
10 amp.
(b) A resistance of required value is available but it will get burnt if the energy dissipated in
it is greater than 1 Watt. Can it be used for the above described conversion of the
galvanometer ?
(c) When this ammeter is connected across the terminals of a battery it shows a current of
4 amp. The current drops to 1 amp. when a resistance of 1.5 ohm is connected in series
with the ammeter. Find the emf and the internal resistance of the battery. [4]
E − q / c t
ln = − f e d
E R2 c
− t / R 2c )
q = Ec(1 - e
figure. +
Applying Kirchoff's rule in the circuit − C
q
− (i)(R1 + R 2 ) = 0 R1
C
dq R2
i=-
dt
q dq
= −(R1 + R 2 )
C dt
q
dt dq
C
= −(R1 + R 2 )
q ∫
q0
q t
ln =−
q0 (R1 + R 2 )C
q = q0 e − t / R1 + R 2 )C
Current as a function of time
−t
dq E
i= =− e ( R1 + R 2 ) C
dt R1 + R 2
120 − t
i=- e .
400
20. An L-C circuit consist of an inductor with L = 0.09 H and a capacitor of C = 4.00 × 10-4 F.
The initial charge on the capacitor is 5.00 µC and the initial current in the inductor is zero.
(a) Find the value of maximum current in the inductor.
(b) When the current in the inductor has half its maximum value, what is the charge on the
capacitor.
1 2 1 2
20. Li0 = Cv 0
2 2
C
i0 = v0
L
q 5.0 × 10 −6
v0 = 0 = = 1.25 × 10 − 2 volt
C 4.0 × 10 − 4
4.0 × 10 −4
i0 = 1.25 × 10 -2 = 8.33 × 10 − 4 A
0.09
1 2 1 2
umax = Li0 = Cv 0 = 3.125 × 10 − 8 J
2 2
2
1 8.33 × 10 −4 1 q2
3.125 × 10 = (0.09) +
-8
2 2 2 (4.0 × 10−4 )
q = 4.33 × 10-6 C.
21. A circuit containing a two position switch S is shown in figure. R3 C
(i) The switch S is in position 1. Find the potential difference 2Ω 2µF
VA - VB and the rate of production of joule heat in R1 in 1Ω R5
R1 E1
steady-state.
2Ω 12V
1 S E2 R2 B
(ii) If now the switch S is put in position 2 at A
2 2Ω
t = 0, find the time when the current in R4 is half the 3V
3Ω R4
steady value. Also calculate the energy stored in the
10 mH
inductor L at that time.
(ii) i =
E
R
[ ] [ ]
1 − e −Rt / L = i0 1 − e −Rt / L
Rt
i = i0/2 ⇒ = ln 2 ⇒ t = 0.0014 sec.
L
1 2
Energy stored = Li
2
= 0.00045 (J).
CE-III-4Marks
50 V
2. Consider the adjoining circuit. Calculate the correct
flowing through each branch in the circuit.
R1 = 10 Ω R2 = 10 Ω 100 V
b
100 V
R3 = 20 Ω
a
R4 = 5 Ω
[5]
2. 20 I1 - 10 I2 = 100 V 50 V
D 1Ω C′
(b) In the final state, the net current becomes zero, i.e. the voltage drop across the
equivalent resistance is zero.
q′ q′ q′
⇒ 1 + 2 − 3 =0
C1 C2 C3
If the charge q0 flows through the circuit in anticlockwise sense, the final charge on the
capacitors will be q′1 = (q1 –q0), q′2 = q2 – q0 & q′3 = q3 + q0
Putting the values of q′1, q′2 &q′3 we obtain
q1 − q 0 q 2 − q 0 q 3 + q 0
+ − =0
C1 C2 C3
1 1 1 q1 q 2 q 3
q0 + + = + −
C1 C 2 C 3 C1 C 2 C 3
q / C + q2 / C2 − q3 / C3
⇒ q0 = 1 1
1/ C1 + 1/ C2 + 1/ C3
30 × 10 −6 / 3 × 10 −6 + 30 × 10 −6 / 6 × 10 −6 − 30 × 10 −6 / 6 × 10 −6
⇒ q0 =
1/ 3 × 10−6 + 1/ 6 × 10−6 + 1/ 6 × 10−6
⇒ q0 = 15 µC
(c) The heat dissipated in all the resistors is
Q = Uinitial - Ufinal
30 2 1 1 1
Uin = + + µJ = 300 µJ
2 3 6 6
15 2 1 1 45 2 1
Ufin = + + = 225µJ
2 3 6 2 6
Q = 75 µJ; this energy is dissipated in the 5Ω and the two 10Ω resistors. The energy
dissipated in the 10Ω resistor is ¼ of this total : 18.75 µJ.