2017 1

Government’s Vision for the Sector

The telecommunications sector is an important engine for
Bahrain’s economic growth and diversification as well as
social cohesion. An efficient telecommunications sector, with His Majesty the King
first class infrastructure, used to provide leading-edge services Shaikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
and respond to the needs of consumers and businesses, is The King of Bahrain
vital for increasing productivity and supporting the growth of
new sectors of the economy. This includes an energetic digital
services sector.

A robust telecommunications platform, as part of a dynamic

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) eco-
system, will also enhance the ability of the Kingdom and its
citizens to achieve a range of societal objectives, including
improvements in health care, education and the ability of
citizens to communicate with governmental bodies.

Since liberalization commenced in 2002, the Kingdom has

been at the forefront of telecommunications sector reform
in the region, and It is essential that Bahrain remains at the
forefront of the digital developments, within the region and
globally.

His Royal Highness Prince His Royal Highness Prince

Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa
The Prime Minister The Crown Prince, Deputy Supreme
Commander and First Deputy Prime Minister
INDEX
The TRA Guiding Principles (Vision, Mission, Values, Strategy) 04 Transforming 27

Overview – 2017 07 Empowering 37

Chairman’s Statement 09 Protecting and Regulating Effectively 44

Board of Directors 10 Keeping a Tab 46

General Director’s Message 11 Promoting a Culture of Distinction 49

Executive Management 12 Making the Mark – Globally 53

The Journey Thus Far – A Look-back (TRA Timeline) 13 The Roadmap to Smart Future 60

2017 Highlights 17 Appendix 64

Leading by Example 20
TRA
GUIDING PRINCIPLES
VISION&
MISSION
OUR VISION
A communications environment that
enriches the social and commercial
fabric of the Kingdom of Bahrain.
OUR MISSION
To develop a competition led
market for the provision of
innovative communications services,
available to all, which: encourages
sustainable, economically efficient
investment; respects the interests
of consumers; fosters ecologically
friendly initiatives; and supports the
social and commercial welfare of the
Kingdom of Bahrain.
To continue to build as an exemplar
regulator within the region through
thought leadership and to be the
employer of choice by: investing in
our people to develop a professional,
passionate team; transparency
and fairness in operations; and
adherence to quality assurance.
VALUES
Inspiring:
Our imagination, clarity of thought
and clear leadership stimulates
innovative thinking that meets the
needs of tomorrow.
Commitment:
Our drive and determination to
achieve excellence, our discipline
in the execution of our duties, our
focus on the development of our
team, and our sense of responsibility
instil passion for the development of
the Kingdom of Bahrain.
Respect:
Our respect for each other is ensured
by listening, collaborating and
having consideration for each other,
the public and licensees we work
for, the environment and future
generations.
Balanced:
Our evidence based approach to
decision making and our adaptability
ensure that we remain proportionate,
consistent, fair and just
Transparency:
Our open and inclusive approach to
regulation ensures that we are held
responsible and our actions and
decisions are understood.
2017 5
A FOCUSED
With the aim of achieving its mission and vision objectives, as well as ensuring it is moving in the right direction, TRA has designed a Focused Strategy
Framework, which outlines the Authority’s guidelines to create a communications environment that enriches the social and commercial fabric of the
Kingdom of Bahrain. TRA will ensure its plans and initiatives are consistently implemented in line with the following strategic points:
FOSTER
COMPETITION
Initiatives and effective regulation
that foster the continued
growth and development of the
telecommunication sector by way of
effective and fair competition.
OPTIMISED
TECHNOLOGIES
Initiatives that encourage the
adoption, deployment, and
optimization of the latest technologies
that support the growth of the market
and deliver higher quality of services
to consumers.
CONSUMER
EMPOWERMENT
Initiatives that provide knowledge
and tools to empower the consumers
and enrich their experience of the
telecommunications services and to
allow them to make well-informed
decisions.
STRATEGY
UBIQUITOUS DYNAMIC & EFFECTIVE
BROADBAND REGULATORY
Initiatives undertaken to ensure that FRAMEWORK
broadband services of high quality Initiatives undertaken to adapt
and competitive prices are available regulations over time, with the
to all local stakeholders. aim of continuously reviewing,
updating, and improving the
SECURITY AND telecommunication regulatory
CYBER SAFETY framework, and maintaining
Initiatives that support a safe proportionate focus where
and secure telecommunications necessary.
infrastructure to deliver highly
reliable Electronic Communication
Services.
EFFICIENT
REGULATOR
Initiatives that adapt, enhance, and
update the framework, processes and
tools used by the Authority in the
implementation of its duties.
2017 6
OVERVIEW
2017
2017 7
A PROLIFIC YEAR
An accomplishing year, 2017 ushered in a new era in the
Bahrain telecommunication sector, setting the stage for the
introduction of next-generation ICT infrastructure, while
enhancing the Kingdom’s presence on the global level.
Initiating the implementation of the Government policy
outlined in the Fourth National Telecommunications
Plan (“NTP4”), the TRA commenced development of a
new economic regulatory framework, defining the rules
and obligations for operators to support the Plan’s goals
and deliver the single network policy, one of the core
objectives of the plan.
In line with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 and the goal of
becoming a ‘Smart Kingdom’, TRA started establishing
appropriate support and incentives to promote ICT
investment as well as training programs and capacity
building to foster the development of a Bahraini knowledge
base, talent and entrepreneurs in the internet space –
committed to transform the nation into a leading regional
business and ICT hub for internet businesses, content and
applications, by 2018.
A core objective set by TRA in this direction is the
development of optical- fiber based National Broadband
Network (NBN) capable of delivering ultra-fast broadband
to consumers and businesses across the Kingdom; a key
development underpinning all of the policies established
by NTP4.
A clear spectrum policy plan has also been adopted in
2017, for assignment of appropriate bands through clearly
identified processes in order to support the continued
evolution and demand in the mobile data services.
A review of the entire supply chain of international
connectivity was also set in motion to assess the
effectiveness of current regulation relating to the ability
of licensed operators to access international connectivity
at cable landing stations in Bahrain.
Another highlight of 2017 was Initiating the groundwork
for the implementation of 5th generation of mobile
networks (5G). The Telecommunications Regulatory
Authority laid down the roadmap to establishing a 5G
ecosystem in Bahrain, in its position paper titled: ‘Fixed
Point to Point Links’, along with a workshop with the
concerned entities, to discuss and facilitate the imminent
deployment of 5G networks.
In light of the critical importance of the telecommunications
sector to the Kingdom’s digital economy and businesses,
TRA issued the ‘Critical Telecommunications Infrastructure
(CTI) Risk Management Regulation’ in 2017; an effective
framework to elevate the telecommunications sector
cyber security readiness, and harmonize efforts between
local and global best practices.
Bahrain also attained a mature stage of Cyber Security
readiness as per the assessment of the International
Telecommunications Union’s (ITU) ‘Global Cyber Security
Index 2017’.
TRA also continued to shine on the world stage. Among
others, TRA was awarded the ‘Employer of the Year –
Public Sector’ at the Human Capital Forum Mena 2017,
for the second time consecutively.
The operational excellence of TRA reaping rewards;
Kingdom of Bahrain stood 1st in the Arab world, and
31st globally, in the ICT Development Index (IDI). The
Kingdom was also ranked 1 globally for mobile broadband
penetration, and 2nd for internet users.
TRA remains steadfast in its commitment to transform the
Kingdom’s telecommunication sector; constantly breaking
new grounds, and creating new avenues of opportunity,
progress, and prosperity.
2017 8
CHAIRMAN’S
STATEMENT
Driving Digital Demand
Setting many new things in motion; opening many new horizons, 2017 was yet
another prolific year for the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA),
the highlight of which has been the Initiating the implementation of the Fourth
National Telecommunications Plan (NTP4).
As the world arrives at the cusp of another digital revolution, that will accelerate
changes to business, government and society; Bahrain is leaving its footprint as a
technology-savvy nation on the globe – with TRA proudly being the catalyst, playing
an active role in shaping the country’s ICT (Information and Communications
Technology) landscape.
The sector’s relentless progress furthered Bahrain achieving 1st rank in the Arab
world; and 31st globally on the ICT Development Index (IDI), published by the
International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The Kingdom of Bahrain is also at
the global forefront in terms of internet penetration and usage; ranked 1 globally
for mobile broadband penetration, and 2 for internet users.
As the nation’s demand for telecommunications services continues to evolve with
innovative online high-bandwidth applications and content, TRA responds to these
developments by prioritizing investment in new high-speed infrastructure, with
evolving services such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine-to-Machine
(M2M) communications, under the auspices of the NTP4.
We at TRA, recognize the need for an energetic digital services sector to drive social
and economic development and job creation, and focus to ensure that Bahrain
attracts the talents of the future; driving digital exports across the region and beyond.
IoT constitutes a next phase of the development of the Internet. Enabled by rapid
performance increases in the ICTs, we are hoping the Internet of Things will greatly
expand the digital footprint in Bahrain.
Foundations are being laid for a robust telecommunications platform that will
transform the Kingdom of Bahrain, by 2018, into a leading regional hub for internet
businesses, content and applications, by establishing appropriate support and
incentives to promote ICT investment.
The dynamic ICT eco-system, will also enhance the ability of the Kingdom and its
citizens to achieve a range of societal objectives, including improvements in health
care, education and the ability of citizens to communicate with governmental
bodies. Steps are also being taken by TRA to ensure that legislative, policy and
regulatory frameworks reflect the new reality and evolving architecture of a
converged ICT eco-system.
At TRA, we emphasize on the training and development of “local talent” ― skilled
Bahraini ICT professionals, applications and online content developers, and
internet entrepreneurs; as part of plans to foster the development of a Bahraini
knowledge base in the sector and maintain Bahrain’s position in the development
of the regional telecommunications sector.
The Authority is dedicated towards fostering new technologies for an efficient
telecommunications sector, with first class infrastructure. This is reflected in another
important mission that TRA undertook in 2017: Initiating the groundwork for the
implementation of 5th generation of mobile networks (5G).
The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) laid down the roadmap to
establishing a 5G ecosystem in Bahrain, in its recently published position paper
titled: ‘Fixed Point to Point Links’, in collaboration with relevant government
bodies – taking into account all the vital aspects related to realizing the project.
Subsequently, a workshop was also organized involving telecommunications
operators, relevant government entities and telecom equipment manufacturers,
to discuss and facilitate the imminent deployment of 5G networks.
TRA ensures cybersecurity and cyber safety are important ongoing objectives
and confirms that its critical telecommunications infrastructures are as secure
and resilient as possible. In 2017, TRA issued the ‘Critical Telecommunications
Infrastructure (CTI) Risk Management Regulation’; an effective framework to
elevate the telecommunications sector cyber security readiness, and harmonize
efforts between local and global best practices.
In this direction, we feel pleased to announce that Bahrain reached a mature
stage of Cyber Security readiness as per the assessment of the International
Telecommunications Union’s (ITU) ‘Global Cyber Security Index 2017’. The index
measured the cyber security commitment levels of all 193 ITU state members
based on five key pillars ranging from legal, technical, organizational, to capacity
building and cooperation.
Recognizing regional coordination and cooperation as key in the international
arena, TRA continues its efforts to exchange knowledge and coordinate various
projects with regional regulators. TRA participates in key projects and takes the
lead on the Arab Price Benchmarking report, which is considered one of the most
important reports that allows the region to evaluate the current market status.
To conclude, TRA is fully committed to achieve and accomplish the pursuits it
newly acquired during the very fruitful year 2017, to stimulate wider economic
growth, consistent with the Kingdom of Bahrain’s Economic Vision 2030 and the
goal of becoming a ‘Smart Kingdom’, i.e., one that uses ICT to optimal effect for
the benefit of consumers, business, Government and the environment.
TRA has been fortunate to have a dedicated workforce with focused leaders
and competent employees, who strive endlessly to ensure success for TRA in its
endeavors. I would like to take the opportunity to thank the Board of Directors
and Acting General Director, as well as the TRA staff members for their highly
commendable performance.
We look forward to your continued faith in TRA’s exciting journey into the future.
DR. MOHAMMED AHMED AL AMER
Chairman
Telecommunications Regulations Authority (TRA)
2017 9
BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Dr. Momammed Ahmed Al Amer

Chairman

Major General Riadh Eid Abdulla Sh. Hamed Bin Mohammed Al Khalifa Tareq Jalil Al Saffar
Board Member Board Member Board Member

2017 10
Message
REDDEFINING CONNECTIVITY
GENERAL DIRECTOR’s

As in previous years, we are proud to say that

the Telecommunications Regulatory Authori-
ty (TRA) in 2017 continued to deliver resilient
performance and witnessed phenomenal ac-
complishments across the length and breadth
Infrastructure, remains imperative for both
economic and social development in the
nation, and the development of fiber-optic
technology based single National Broadband
Network (NBN) infrastructure, capable of de-
charges, which are set to drop further con-
stantly until 2020.

TRA also continued to shine on the world

stage, winning numerous accolades for its
of its operations; thereby fostering an efficient livering ultra-fast broadband to consumers operational excellence. For the second year
telecommunications sector in the Kingdom of and businesses across the Kingdom remains in a row, TRA was awarded the ‘Employer of
Bahrain. a core objective in this direction. A single net- the Year – Public Sector’ at the Human Capital
work infrastructure is preferable and efficient, Forum Mena 2017, for its commitment to sup-
In 2017, we launched plans and initiatives to deliver the ultra-fast broadband products porting employees at all levels.
that were consistently implemented in line and services – for a country of the size, popu-
with our FOCUSED strategy and objectives as lation distribution, and topology of Bahrain. These accomplishments have only been possi-
we strongly believe in converting Bahrain into ble from the support the leadership has given
a full-fledged ‘digital economy’ by addressing We aim to deliver state-of-the-art performance the sector to develop and the dedication and
critical areas such as international supply, dig- in line with international benchmarks. To ad- commitment of the TRA Team. TRA will con-
ital security, and barriers to entry. Fostering dress this, we have deployed technologies and tinue pioneering new methods and technol-
effective and sustainable competition, use of network architecture for the NBN that are to ogies to revolutionize the regional as well as
ubiquitous ultra-high speed networks, cyber be “future proof”, ensuring that the network global telecommunications; establishing itself
security and safety are important ongoing ob- could be upgraded at minimal cost. as a role model for progress and prosperity.
jectives for TRA.
TRA in 2017 continued to take steps to ensure
SH. NASSER BIN MOHAMED AL KHALIFA
We recognize the importance of Information that legislative, policy and regulatory frame-
Acting General Director
and Communications Technology (ICT) which works reflect the new reality and evolving ar-
has become a strategic resource and the foun- chitecture of a converged ICT eco-system. The
dation of most economic activity. In recogni- Authority adopted a clear spectrum policy
tion of the transformative power of ICTs, we plan for assignment of the appropriate bands
aspire to spearhead the digital expansion and through clearly identified processes in order
improvements in the Kingdom’s ICT infra- to support the continued evolution of, and de-
structure. mand for, mobile data services.

Building on the Kingdom’s aspirations to be-
come global ICT leader, 2017 saw the adop-
tion of the government’s vision under the 4th
National Telecommunications Plan (NTP4).
Delivery of Ubiquitous Ultrafast Broadband
Another area of major achievement for 2017
was consumer welfare, with focus on efficien-
cy and affordability. Consumers in the King-
dom now enjoy better cellular privileges and
price benefits including reduced GCC roaming

2017 11
EXECUTIVE MANAGEMENT

Mohamed Hamad Bubashait

General Director

Sh. Nasser bin Mohamed Al Khalifa Faisal Ali Aljalahma Mohamed Albinali
Deputy General Director Director of Finance, Information Director of Market and Competition
Technology and Human Resources

Dr. Khalid Bin Duaij Al Khalifa Mohamed Alnoaimi Dr. Jean Pierre Scerri
Director of Cyber Security Director of Technical and Operations Acting Director Legal Affairs

2017 12
THE JOURNEY
THUS FAR - A LOOK BACK

2017 13
TRA TIMELINE
2002
TELECOMMUNICATION LAWS
A crucial need for progress in the
telecommunications sector arises, thus
the Telecommunications Regulatory
Authority was established, and
the Telecommunications Law was
implemented for the first time in Bahrain.
2003
TRANSPARENCY
With our launch, a newfound approach
to the telecommunications industry was
revealed. Our dealings brought about a
clearer perspective to the oft-confusing world
of telecom. We adopted an; Open Dialogue
policy that encouraged interaction and
feedback by exchanging ideas. Additionally,
we simplified and clarified the processes in
the sector, by making a lot of our information
public. With fixed lines in the country growing
from 175 thousand to 185 thousand in one
year and mobile customer penetration at
45%, this approach aimed to build consumer
trust through transparency.
The next step to create a healthy
telecommunication environment was our
implementation of the liberalization plan.
This plan provided the country with an
opportunity for economic advancement since
different sectors could converge and create
new business prospects, as well as more
global exposure for Bahrain. We provided
18 licenses in the year; encouraging the
growth of the telecommunication market
to BD152 million and making it the fourth
impactful industry in the country. At the
end of 2003 the second telecommunication
operator license was granted; MTC-Vodafone
began to function, and for the first time in
Bahrain there was actual competition in
telecommunications.
2004
FULLY LIBERAL
With the plans set and the telecommunication
market becoming more of a level play field,
2004 provided operators with an opportunity
to shine. The launch of a second mobile
operator in the Kingdom of Bahrain breathed
new life into the market; providing consumers
with the ability to choose. This historic move
created a more transparent environment for all
telecommunications stakeholders. The impact
was extensively evident; mobile penetration
rose from 45% to 57%, broadband internet
penetration was at 20%, and fixed lines rose
to 191,553 thousand. With a steady growth of
revenue at 5% the role of telecommunications
in the Kingdom of Bahrain became essential.
Interconnection was also an area of interest, since
it was crucial for all operators to link to their
networks. Without effective interconnection the
subscribers of one network would not be able
to communicate with another. This created a
larger pool of cross network opportunity. Keeping
consumer interest at heart, we implemented
the numbering initiative that introduced 8
digits to the public and laid the foundations
for current and future expansion of lines. We
also introduced the pre-carrier selection where
by the consumer now had a choice to pick
which carrier they wanted, and supported this
by initiating educational telecoms campaigns
to create awareness among the public. By July
2004, we could announce in confidence that
the telecommunication sector had been fully
liberalized, as we had met each of our milestones
head on in a transparent manner.
2005
BUILDING COMPETITION
Pushing connectivity and progress forward
we granted the license to Bahrain Internet
Exchange. Although Bahrain Internet
Exchange (BIX) began to operate the
kingdom’s Internet connection point in
2004, full effects were felt in 2005. BIX
acted as the hub for Internet connectivity
and traffic within the kingdom. This license
established an advanced, competitive offering
in the kingdom aimed at reducing costs of
connectivity and increasing Internet usage.
Not only did these initiatives change the
telecommunications market; it provided job
opportunities for Bahraini residents which
resulted in a 20% increase in the sector.
During this active year a panel of industry
experts was commissioned to analyze and
review our current performance. The panel
recommended working towards a more
robust framework to allow more access to
new operators and increasing consumer
protection by directly communicating to
them. This is where we decided to bring
consumer awareness to the forefront of our
activities and we launched our first consumer
campaign. Since mobile penetration in 2005
rose to from 57% to 81% this year, awareness
amongst younger and older generations
became crucial, so we moved to educate
them about the uses of mobile phones.
2006
CONNECTING THE KINGDOM
From a base of BD152 million in 2003, the
telecommunications industry generated BD253
million in 2006; equivalent to annual average
growth of about 20%. At this point, focus has
shifted solely on targeting the needs of the
consumer. Realizing the importance of the end
user we wanted to provide a means of dialogue
that encouraged active participation. When
the campaign; Keep Asking was launched, the
consumer finally had a voice in the market.
We initiated a consumer helpline where by all
users could dial in directly and provide their
honest feedback on matters that could not be
solved by their operator. This awareness push
created a 35% increase in call-ins compared
to last year.
To keep the consumer voice heard and our
performance consistent various panels were
invited again for a review, making sure our
focus was clear and that nothing could deviate
us from our mission as a regulatory authority.
The common goal of protection, fairness
and transparency was being highlighted and
referred to consistently. Also, as number of
internet subscribers rose incredibly in 2006
to 38,628 from 21,432 in 2005, the idea of
protection and education became something
that we wanted to encourage when surfing
the net.
In conjunction, we commissioned a Consumer
Advisory Group to provide feedback on issues
that the Bahraini consumer had. As consumer
confidence soared, a more solid relationship
began to surface between the public and the
TRA.
2017 14
2007
A WIRELESS NATION
2007 showed great signs of growth. Internet
revenues rose 13% to 5.4 from 4.8 million,
mobile penetration was 107% and Bahrain
had one of the highest penetrations in the
GCC comparing well with their European
counterparts.
As Bahrain moved forward, the hunger
for innovation in the telecommunication
industry provided an opportunity for us to
license two operators with national fixed
wireless services successfully. This meant
that with two more providers for national
fixed services the market was injected
once again with healthy competition and
greater choice.
2008
FOSTERING GROWTH
In 2008, we updated our direction
and published the second National
Telecommunications Plan. Although
there has been growth of 11.6% in total
telecommunications revenues during this
year, as well as 38% growth in the number
of staff working in the telecommunications
sector since liberalization in 2003; this
document set out objectives for the Telecoms
sector that needed to be implemented in
the next three years. Removing barriers
to competition, encouraging investment
within the country, and developing a
regulatory framework were just some ways
we sought to make communication more
efficient and reliable within the kingdom.
The telecom landscape began to change as
the new National Telecommunications Plan
set the primary objectives for the kingdom.
the Strategic and Retail Market Review;
published in 2007, set the milestones for
the year and the market began to prepare
itself as the prospect of a third mobile
operator was on the horizon.
2009
REAPING SUCCESS
By 2009, we began to establish ourselves
as a forward thinking authority; resulting
in our efforts being regionally recognized
by both CommsMEA and SAMENA Telecoms
Council. This was when TRA Bahrain
would stand out with the best and most
progressive regulator of the year awards.
These awards were acknowledgment for our
efforts in regulating the market, introducing
healthy competition and creating choice
for our consumers throughout the years.
The data provided in 2009 was a testament
to our efforts in telecommunication.
Mobile subscribers had increased steadily
since 2005. By 2009, there were over
1.24 million mobile subscribers in the
Kingdom of Bahrain from 300,000 in 2002.
International traffic grew by 55% between
2008 and 2009, so the challenge at this
point was to maintain this consistency
and progression by opening up more
channels of opportunity for the kingdom
and its people.
One of these important steps was opening
up the market for new mobile operator bids.
The introduction of a third party provided
a broader spectrum of telecommunications
opportunities that were available to the
public, a fact which encouraged operators
to drive telecommunications innovation
to greater heights. Another was to break
the barriers of number portability which
we began working towards at the end of
the successful year. This way we could
encourage the operators to perform at
their best; guaranteeing greater value for
the consumer.
2010
EDUCATING THE PUBLIC ON VARIETY
The year 2010 proved to be lucrative in
many respects. The launch of a third mobile
operator in the kingdom was the most
significant step towards open competition.
STC (Saudi Telecommunications Company)
launched VIVA; their arm into Bahrain,
and the challenge of innovation was set
in motion for the three existing operators.
Each company went head to head; trying to
launch the newest products and driving the
telecommunication industry into dynamic
growth. The new challenge propelled the
importance of our role in the sector.
Between 2009 and 2010, the number of
broadband subscribers increased by 19%.
Now was the time to push education
and clarity of the telecommunications
world to the end user. The introduction
of the online safety initiative provided an
educational walkthrough of the Dos and
Don’ts when surfing the Internet. The
campaign maintained and attempted to
grow the supportive relation- ship we had
created with our consumers.
2011
BREAKING BARRIERS
In 2011 the competitive barriers were
eliminated with the successful launch
of the, “I Love My Number” campaign,
promoting more freedom and churn in
the market. This initiative provided the
consumer with the flexibility and power
to move where they felt they could benefit
the most. A significant advancement for
the operators came in the form of the
Loop Unbundling initiative (LLU). This
provided operators with fair access to
infrastructure services. With the Loop
Unbundling initiative, we provided the
necessary tools to all service providers
and created more room for innovation by
ensuring that there are no constraints for
progress. The (LLU) also made sure that we
provided fair and unbiased solutions for
all operators in the market.
Moreover, our advancements continued
their contribution to job creation. In
2011 approximately 2,700 employees
worked directly in the telecoms sector.
This showed a 50% growth in the number
of employees since liberalization in 2003.
Once again, our efforts were recognized by
SAMENA Telecom council as a beacon of
determination, transparency and positive
impact; landing us with telecom regulator
of the year award.
2017 15
 2012
THE CONSUMER AND THE FUTURE
2012 demonstrated a clear presence of
progression. There were approximately
1.9 million mobile subscribers in
Bahrain; representing a mobile
penetration rate of 158%, as well as
a gross turnover of BD406 million
representing 4% of the Bahraini GDP.
After the 3-year plan launched in
2009, it was time again to take a look
at the regional and global telecom
industry and evaluate Bahrain’s
telecommunication advancements
and future challenges.
Market leaders came together with
the government once more, and
we published the third National
Telecommunications Plan to establish
short and long term objectives.
F ocusing more on broadband
initiatives and propelling the Internet
as a center for business convergence,
we saw e-commerce in the nation
soar and global reach becoming
more prominent. These actions drew
attention to the telecoms model
the Kingdom was using and the
environment we had fostered, which
created another success story in the
form of the-Economy award from the
e-Government. 2012 culminated with
the award of the “Regulator of the
Year” from CommsMEA commending
all our advancements and our active
role in cultivating Bahrain’s economy.
2013
4G
In keeping with the recommendations
of the Third National Telecommuni-
cations Plan (3rd NTP), the TRA com-
menced the license award process for
4G mobile services in early 2013, and
by Q1 2013, both Batelco and Zain had
launched their commercial Long-Term
Evolution (LTE) services. To enable the
provision of LTE based and any other
services, in September 2013, additional
spectrum have been allotted to the
current three mobile operators via
Managed Assigned Process.
2014
LEADERSHIP BEYOND BORDERS
One of the highlights of 2014 for
the telecommunications industry
and Bahrain came in the form of
the 14th Global Symposium for
Regulators (GSR14), which took place
in the Kingdom of Bahrain under
the auspices of the TRA. Organized
by the ITU’s Telecommunication
Development Bureau and hosted by
the Government of Bahrain, under
the patronage of HRH Prince Khalifa
bin Salman Al Khalifa, the Prime
Minister, the GSR14 saw the assembly
of the largest gathering of the global
regulatory community in Manama.
Over 700 leading specialists from
113 countries registered to attend
the event, which also attracted
approximately 80 leading participants,
including government ministers, heads
of regulatory agencies and industry
chief executives. An important show
of confidence in Bahrain and the TRA,
GSR14 was a landmark event for the
industry on a global level as it allowed
for a review and working discussions
of telecommunications developments
and futuristic planning in addition
to the conclusion of supportive
agreements.
2015
EDUCATING THE PUBLIC ON
VARIETY
TRA has always enabled healthy
competition in the local
telecommunications market and
empowered consumers with greater
choice and a generous array of
services. Moreover, TRA’s focus has
been, and shall continue to be, on
the consumers. Listening carefully
to their complaints and trying to
resolve them was a primary role
of the Authority and indeed, 2015
attests to the TRA’s dynamic efforts
to follow such a customer-focused
direction. In 2015, the TRA also reaped
the success of its endeavors when it
was proclaimed the best regulator
of year for the 10th edition of the
annual CommsMEA Awards. This
award, won by the TRA in Bahrain
for the 5th time, acknowledged
the regulator’s accomplishments in
cultivating an environment in which
the telecommunications sector across
Bahrain was able to flourish.
2016
GLOBAL ACHIEVEMENTS LOCAL
TALENTS
The year 2016 witnessed an influx of
change and a culture of transformation
across the sector. TRA paved the way
towards the adoption of sustainable
solutions and best practices across the
sector, through collaborative sharing with
local ministries, telecom providers, and
global market sector leaders. Workshops
for TRA people and industry professionals
were conducted towards the goal of
cultivating a culture of positive values
and transformation in the sector.
Market indicators also revealed steady
growth in the revenue of the sector. On
a parallel track, the year presented new
opportunities for consumers with high-
capacity solutions on network coverage,
quality of service, cyber security and
safety, billing, choice of provider, likewise
the year presented new opportunities
in the industry and ways to overcome
challenges
The year sustained the steady stream of
effective policies and regulatory actions
established over the previous years, which
drastically stimulated competition in the
sector, and resulted in price reductions,
innovative communications services
improved consumer experience.
A notable achievement of the year is the
highest accolade received as First Place
Winner for Employer of the Year in the
Public Sector category at the MENA HR
Excellence Award, 11th Human Capital
Forum MENA.
2017
DRIVING DIGITAL DEMAND
In view of the Kingdom’s ever-evolving
demand for telecommunications services,
TRA responded by prioritizing investment
in new high-speed, converged ICT
eco-system, with advanced, futuristic
services such as 5G, the Internet of Things
(IoT) and Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
communications, under the auspices of
the 4th National Telecommunications
Plan (NTP4).
Plans and initiatives were consistently
implemented, to address critical areas
such as international supply, digital
security and barriers to entry; in line
with the TRA ‘FOCUSED’ strategy and
the vision to transform the Kingdom of
Bahrain into a fully ‘Digital Economy’.
Fostering effective and sustainable
competition; establishing ubiquitous
ultra-high speed networks; and security
& cyber safety remained the important
ongoing objectives for TRA.

TRA also reached an important milestone

when Bahrain was ranked 11th globally
in the telecommunications infrastructure
index compared to 24th in 2014, according
to the United Nations’ e-Government
Readiness Report published in July 2016,
wherein Bahrain also maintained its lead
in the Arab region’s ICT Index.

2017 16
2017
HIGHLIGHTS
2017 17
TRA through 2017
JANUARY
• TRA holds a technical workshopwith ‫‫‬
Qualcomm to discuss 5G spectrum re-
quirements for the region and use of
applications in the 5G era.
• TRA conducts a delegation visit to TRA
Oman. The visit aimed at achieving
closer collaboration and joint efforts
between Bahrain and Oman in the
field of telecommunication regulation
on the regional and international lev-
els.
• T RA participates in the Regional Pre-
paratory Meeting for the ITU’s World
Telecommunication Development
Conference 2017 (WTDC), in Khartoum
–Sudan.
• TRA conducts EFQM (European Foun-
dation for Quality Management)
Training Course for its staff members
to enhance their performance to the
world-class standards by adopting
EFQM Excellence model.
• T RA launches a campaign to raise con-
sumers’ awareness on contractual is-
sue.
FEBRUARY
• TRA conducts Economics for Competi-
tion Law training course for staff. The
course aims to expand and develop
TRA staff’s knowledge and skills in the
economics of the competition law.
• TRA Publishes Study in collaboration
with University of Queensland, Austral-
ia on the achievements and potential
of Bahrain’s Telecom Sector.
MARCH
• TRA holds “Family Day’ event for
staff. of the Digital World” during SAMENA
• TRA participates in Al Ahlia University’s
Career Day where TRA highlighted em-
ployment opportunities in the telecom
sector.
• TRA Participates in Al-Iman School IT
Expo.
APRIL
• TRA Cyber Security Director honored
with Chief Information Security Officer
(CISO) Award and recognized as one of
the top 100 Cyber Security leaders in
Middle East.
• T RA Leads Bahrain’s Delegation to key
US based annual cyber security confer-
ence – the ‘Central Region Communi-
cations Conference (CRCC).
• TRA’s new ‘Electronic Approval System’
registers significantly higher efficiency in
processing Telecom Equipment Imports.
• TRA First Board Meeting 2017; Sector
Progress and the Kingdom’s achieve-
ment of international targets in broad-
band affordability hailed.
• TRA shares its vision and experience
in relation to “Meeting the Demands
Telecommunications Council’s Telecom
Leaders’ Summit held in Dubai.
 AY
M structure, to evaluate and determine
• TRA Wins “Employer of the Year”
Award in MENA region for 2nd year in
a row
• TRA Holds Bank Roadshow at HQ, of-
fering special rates for staff members.
JUNE
• 
TRA organizes Ramadan Ghabga for
employees.
• TRA holds QOS Regulation Workshop
with telecom operators.
• TRA facilitates medical checkups for its
staff members at its headquarters, in
collaboration with Aster Clinic.
• TRA prepares for 5G; publishes Posi-
tion Paper titled: “Fixed Point to Point
Links” and organizes workshop involv-
ing all the concerned entities, to dis-
cuss deployment of 5G networks.
JULY
• TRA announces commencement of
provisions implementation of SIM Card
Registration Regulation issued in 2015.
• TRA shares its latest statistics with the
public concerning number portability
for the first half of 2017.
• National Internet Safety Review (NISR)
Launched on TRA Website.
• TRA Launches Roaming Awareness
Campaign.
• TRA Issues Regulation to Manage Risks
in Critical Telecommunications Infra-
how key telecoms infrastructure meas-
ures up against international cyberse-
curity best practices and address any
gaps.
2017 18
AUGUST
• TRA Publishes Broadband Quality of Service Re-
port for the First Half of 2017; notes a rise of LTE
Mobile data performance across the sector from
Q1 to Q2, 2017.
• Bahrain Achieves ‘Maturity Stage’ in ITU Global Cy-
ber Security Index 2017.
• Second Board of Directors Meeting: TRA’s out-
standing efforts in the development and growth
of the telecommunications sector in the Kingdom
praised; in particular the significant efforts made
by TRA contributing to the progress of the projects
related to the Fourth National Telecommunica-
tions Plan (NTP4).
SEPTEMBER
• TRA organizes Mobile Network Audit Workshop to
familiarize mobile operators with new methodol-
ogies for the upcoming Mobile Network Audit.
• T RA sends a delegation in an active participation
during the annual Arab Regulatory Network (AR-
EGNET) meeting during which the kingdom as-
sumed leadership of the Arab Price Benchmarking
Study as well as the International Mobile Roaming
Study at the Arab Level.
OCTOBER
• TRA facilitates mobile operators’ move towards
the NTP4 vision for a single network for Kingdom
of Bahrain in a key meeting.
• TRA publishes its latest Telecommunications Ser-
vices Residential Market Survey Report. The King-
dom of Bahrain is at the forefront of countries in
terms of internet penetration and usage; Bahrain
is ranked 1st globally for mobile broadband pene-
tration and 2nd for internet users according to the
World Economic Forum’s Report.
• T RA acquires specialized equipment to measure the
ambient level of emissions produced by radio-com-
munications stations of telecoms operators within
the kingdom. Radio frequency emissions in Bah-
rain are within international safety limits.
• TRA organizes blood donation event in collabora-
tion with BDF Hospital.
• TRA is awarded the “Best Nationalization Initiative
in the GCC”, at the 2017 GCC GOV HR Summit in
Abu Dhabi.
• T RA launches 2016 Digital Annual Report.
• TRA successfully participates in ITU World Tele-
communication Development Conference (WTDC)
in Buenos Aires – Argentina.
• TRA Honors Roaming Awareness Campaign Vol-
unteers.
NOVEMBER • T RA organizes second Mobile Network Audit Work-
• Bahrain achieves rank 1 in the Arab world and shop with mobile operators regarding new meth-
rank 31 globally on the ICT Development Index odologies for Mobile Network Audit.
(IDI), according to the ITU’s Report.
• TRA Third Board Meeting of the Year Concludes;
key issues related to the Kingdom’s telecommuni-
cations sector are discussed.
• TRA wins CommsMea 2017 “Regulatory Initiative
of the Year” Award.
• TRA participates in the ITU Standardization Forum
for the Arab Region, in Riyadh- Saudi Arabia.
• TRA holds a bilateral meeting with the Saudi
Communications and Information Technology
• T RA asks consumers to complete registration of
Commission (CITC). The meeting was held in con-
their SIM cards to verify their identities.
junction with the Regional Standardization Forum
• TRA begins SIM Registration Regulation Awareness
held in collaboration with the ITU. The bilateral
Online Campaign.
meeting touches base on the importance of co-
• TRA Holds a workshop with Ericsson on LTE Evolu-
operation between the two regulators as well the
tion, Spectrum Requirements and 5G Standardi-
current regulatory trends in the region and at the
zation to discuss the requirements for establishing
global level
5G ecosystem in Bahrain.
• TRA organizes NFV-SDN Technologies Develop-
ments workshop with Huawei.
DECEMBER
• TRA celebrates Bahrain National Day.
• T RA Publishes the Annual Market Indicator’s Re-
port 2016 and first half of 2017; highlights con- • T RA participates in the National Day Festival held
tinuing move towards data consumption in the in Bahrain International Circuit.
Kingdom. • TRA Final Board Meeting for 2017; significant
• TRA attends 15th World Telecommunication/ICT efforts made by TRA to help Kingdom ICT sector
Indicators Symposium (WTIS 2017), in Tunisia.. achieve global recognition praised.
• TRA celebrates Bahraini Women’s Day. • TRA attends the annual ‘Telecommunications Law
and Regulation in the Middle East’ conference in
Dubai.
• TRA launches Future Leaders Program to ensure
effective skills transfer among the Bahraini Youth;
to be implemented throughout 2018.
• TRA holds Bilateral Meeting with CITC Saudia
Arabia on spectrum coordination.
2017 19
Leading
By Example

2017 20
2017
Thanks to the untiring efforts of TRA, Bahrain
has achieved rank 1 in the Arab world and rank
31 globally on the ICT Development Index (IDI) –
a composite index that monitors and compares
ICT developments across countries and over
Mobile services revenue account for more than
half of the telecom retail services revenue,
reaching 54%, after including revenues
MARKET
INDICATORS
generated from international calls using mobile.
Add-on to voice and pay-per-use mobile
broadband represent 85% of mobile broadband
subscriptions at the end of 2017.

Following the global trend, mobile Data was

Number of Mobile subscriptions in 2017
2.36 million / 163% Penetration rate

time; in the “Measuring the Information Society The latest market indicators issued by TRA growing faster than voice, in Bahrain. For 2014 2015 2016 2017
Report 2017” published by the International show mobile services prices to have fallen by the first time since 2008, total revenue and
Telecommunication Union (ITU). 73% between 2008 and 2016, and the number traffic for local and international calls made a Total 2.33m 2.54m 2.99m 2.36m
of mobile subscriptions reaching 2.36 million, significant drop during 2016 in favor of higher
Bahrain also achieved rank 1 in Mobile- with 163% penetration rate by the end of 2017. data consumption in Bahrain’s telecom market.
broadband penetration and rank 2 in the % of Prepaid 78% 78% 81% 74%
percentage of Individuals using Internet, The fixed-wired telephony services continue
according to “The Global Competitiveness to increase as it has recorded an increase of % of Postpaid 22% 22% 19% 26%
Report 2017–2018” published by the World 14,435 subscription from end of 2016 to end of
Economic Forum (WEF). 2017, compared to decrease of 8,376 of fixed
wireless subscriptions over the same period.
The telecommunication services generated
BD 430 million in revenues in 2016, with a At the end of 2017, there were about 2.37
CAGR of 13% from 2012 to 2016. The revenues million broadband subscriptions, a decrease
represented about 4% of the GDP as of 2016, of 1.4% compared to Q4 2016, with Broadband Number of fixed telephony subscriptions in 2017
and the proportion of mobile revenue rose penetration reaching 164%. The main drive for
to 40% of retail services revenues in 2016, growth of broadband subscriptions has been the 239,976 / 17% Penetration rate
compared to 38% of retail services revenues in mobile broadband subscriptions, representing
2015; despite a decrease in the overall revenue, 93% of total broadband subscriptions at the 2014 2015 2016 2017
and mobile revenue specifically. end of 2017.

Total 246,696 242,439 233,917 239,976

TELECOMMUNICATION
% of Fixed Wired 68% 73% 76% 80%
SECTOR REVENUES
% of Fixed Wireless 32% 27% 24% 20%
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
303M 338M 360M 406M 409M 423M 430M 450M 430M

Number of broadband subscriptions in 2017

%4 %4 %4 %4 %4 % 3٫4 %1٫65 % 4.7 % 4.7
2.374,717 / 164% Penetration rate

Source: TRA analysis based on operators data

2017 21
Break down of retail services revenue in 2016 Telecom Sector revenues (in BD million)

Leased line services 19% 500 16%

Fixed line 4%
450 450
423 430 431 14%
409
400

Percentage contribution to GDP*

Telecom revenues (in BD Million)
12%
350

10%
300

250 8%
Internet services 21%
Mobile 40% 200
6%

150
4%
100
International calls
(Other) 1% 2%
50

International calls 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

0 0%
(Fixed IDD) 1%
International calls Telecommunication services generated BD 430 million in revenue in 2016
(Mobile IDD) 14%

Evolution of retail services revenues by segment

42%

41%

40%
39%
38%

26%

26%
25%
21%

20%
19%

19%
19%
17%
16%
15%

15%
14%
13%
12%
5%

5%
4%
4%
4%
2012
2013
2014

2012
2013
2014

2012
2013
2014

2012
2013
2014

2012
2013
2014
2015
2016

2015
2016

2015
2016

2015
2016

2015
2016
Fixed line Mobile Internet International calls Leased line

2017 22
 Mobile subscriptions and Penetration Mobile Broadband - 2017
Mobile penetration reached 163% in 2017.

3.5 250%
Millions

213%
3.0
187% 200% Pay-per-use Standalone Add-on to voice
177%
2.5 163% 24% 16% 61%

2.0 150

1.5 100%
1.0
50% Proportion of broadband subscriptions by access type-Q4 2017
0.5
2.33 2.54 2.99 2.36
0.0 0%
14 15 16 17 7% 93%
20 20 20 20
Total mobile subscriptions Mobile penetration Rate
Fixed broadband (wired+wireless) Mobile broadband

Broadband subscriptions and Penetration Number of fixed lines

Broadband penetration reached 164% at the end of 2017. Fixed Telephony penetration reached 240,000 (17%) in 2017

3.000
Thousands

300

Thousands
171%
164%
2.500 247 242
142% 146%
2,407 250 234 240
2,375
2.000
1,980
1.500 1,678 200

1.000 150
500
100
0
14 15 16 17 50
20 20 20 20
0
Total broadband Subscriptions
Broadband penetration rate 14 15 16 17
20 20 20 20
Total fixed line subscriptions Fixed (wired) Fixed wireless (e.g WiMax)

2017 23
Annual data consumption (Petabyte) OECD Mobile basket time series for Bahrain
Fixed broadband data consumption increased by 83% between 2016 and 2017, while (Voice, Messages and Data)
mobile broadband data consumption increased by 32% over the same period
Up to 64% drop in the prices of mobile telephony with data services (2013 – 2016).

233
211
200 30 calls + 100 MB

USD/PPP per month including VAT

177
100 calls + 500 MB
300 calls + 1 GB
115 150
103 900 calls + 2 GB
93
71 100 calls + 2 GB
49
100

14 15 16 17
20 20 20 20
50

Fixed Broadband Traffic

Mobile Broadband Traffic 0
2013 2015 2016
The prices of telecom services in Bahrain compared very well with GCC and Arab nations,
and on par with developed countries in 2016 (source: 2016 Telecommunications Retail Price Benchmarking Report for Arab Countries)

Bahrain results
compared to
Bahrain results
compared to
Bahrain results
compared to Residential fixed broadband time series for
GCC averages Arab averages OECD averages
Bahrain, OECD basket
PSTN (Low usage)
Up to 83% drop in residential fixed broadband prices (2010 – 2016)
PSTN (High usage)

Mobile (Low usage) 700

USD/PPP per month including VAT

Mobile (High usage) 600

Fixed broadband 500

(Low speed)
0.250 - 2 Mb/s
Fixed broadband 400 2 - 10 Mb/s
(High speed)
300 10 - 30 Mb/s
Mobile broadband
(High speed) 200 30 - 100 Mb/s
Mobile broadband 100 - 1000 Mb/s
(High speed) 100

Leased lines * 0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
* Only 2 Mb/s speed can be compared with the OECD data.

Better Than ... on par with ... more expensive than ... (source: 2016 Telecommunications Retail Price Benchmarking Report for Arab Countries)

2017 24
Bahrain Telecom Penetration Benchmarking (global and regional)

Mobile cellular subscriptions penetration 2016 Fixed Telephone penetration 2016

38%

217%
204%

159% 158% 23%

147%
21%
127%

11% 12%
10%

Bahrain Developed Kuwait Oman Saudi United Arab Bahrain Developed Kuwait Oman Saudi United Arab
Countries Arabia Emirates Countries Arabia Emirates

Percentage of individuals using the internet 2016 Fixed broadband penetration 2016

31%
98%
91%
80% 78%
74%
70%
17%
13%
11%

6%
3%

Bahrain Developed Kuwait Oman Saudi United Arab Bahrain Developed Kuwait Oman Saudi United Arab
Countries Arabia Emirates Countries Arabia Emirates

2017 25
 Services offered by active operators Main telecom indicators

NATIONAL INTERNATIONAL LEASED OTHER Growth Growth

Indicator 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2015-2016 2008-2016
OPERATOR NAME FIXED CALLS MOBILE INTERNET LINE DATA OTHERS
Ascentech Telecoms Number of fixed line 220,386 237,621 227,353 248,279 260,000 251,000 247,000 242,000 234,000 (%3) %1
telephony
Batelco
Fixed line telephony %20 %20 %19 %21 %21 %20 %19 %18 %17
Bahrain Internet Exchange IP transit - Peering - Colocation - Lawful- penetration
intercept - Number Portability - IPLC
Total mobile 1,440,782 1,401,974 1,567,745 1,693,650 2,123,903 2,210,190 2,322,860 2,533,208 2,994,865 %18 %10
BT Solutions LTD subscribers
Equant Global Network - EGN BV IPVPN
Mobile penetration %130 %119 %128 %142 %172 %173 %176 %186 %213
Etisalcom Bahrain Company
Total broadband 114,502 161,815 306,235 567,884 1,148,264 1,507,956 1,679,681 1,983,617 2,407,837 %22 %46
Gateway Gulf Company Data Center Co-location & services Provider subscribers
Golden Sands Electronic and Phone BULK SMS Broadband %10 %13 %25 %48 %93 %118 %128 %145 %171
Gulf Electronic Tawasul Company penetration

IMC International calls through wholsale Percentage of %52 %53 %55 %77 %88 %90 %91 %93 %98
individuals using the
Infonas internet

Kalaam Telecom Telecommunications 303 338 360 406 409 423 430 450 430 (%4) %4
revenues (BD in
Mada communication company million)
Menatelecom Number of 2469 2504 2584 2708 3141 3000 3092 3206 3230 %1 %3
employees in the
Mobiltel Communication VALUE ADDED SERVICES telecommunications
Moving Gulf Telecom sector

North Star Technology Company

Nuetel Communications Microwave
Orbit Data Systems Company VSAT
Rapid Telecoms
SITA
Viacloud
Notes:
VIVA Bahrain 1- The number of subscibers refers to the end of the period.
Zain Bahrain 2- Number of broadband subscribers include fixed wired, wireless and mobile.
3- The source of percentage of individuals using the internet is the ITU and TRA residential survey.
Zajil 4- Penetration is based on mid-uear population estimated by CIO

2017 26
TRANSFORMING

2017 27
From educating the consumers towards wise deci-
sion-making and efficient use; to negotiations with tele-
com operators for better services, and consultations with
industry experts for implementations of the latest and
best technology; to awareness campaigns about digital
safety and security – TRA is leaving no stone unturned to
make the Kingdom’s telecom sector scale newer heights
of success.
Driving the Kingdom towards a futuristic and converged
ICT ecosystem, the TRA’s efforts in 2017 were crowned
by the initiation of the implementation of the Govern-
ment policy outlined in the Fourth National Telecommu-
nications Plan (“NTP4”), as the ambitious plan creates a
roadmap for the Bahrain telecom sector to enter a whole
new era of digital connectivity; with 5G being the high-
light.
To ensure a robust telecom sector throughout, TRA close-
ly monitored the developments in the sector, year round,
and prepared reports that covered a wide range of tele-
communications indicators and statistics, including mar-
ket statistics and financial reports, consumer and busi-
ness surveys, and the Arab Price Benchmarking report.
The authority also addressed competition complaints in
a timely manner ensuring a level playing field between
operators and a sustainable competition environment.
Retail Tariffs were also reviewed and analyzed to prevent
monopoly and abuse of dominance.
The mobile market in Bahrain has seen significant devel-
opment since the introduction of the third mobile oper-
ator and the removal of the ex-ante regulation of mobile
retail services by TRA, as part of its mission to maintain
the interests of subscribers and promote competition.
The Spectrum Department was also at the helm of trans-
forming the quality of service of mobile communications
in the Kingdom, with regular monitoring of cross border
spill-over signals from neighboring countries: impor-
tant for the sovereignty of the Kingdom, the protection
of roaming services provided by Bahraini operators and
protection of consumers from receiving roaming bills by
connecting to a foreign network while being in Bahrain.
The Spectrum Management Department (SMD) is also in
continuous monitoring of the level of electromagnetic
emissions from base stations of public telecommunica-
tions operators in the public, occupational and residen-
tial areas.
The same scope of work was extended to Hawar Island,
Al Dar Island and Jarada Island as an additional delivera-
ble to the Spectrum Measurements of Telecoms Network
Project without additional cost. EMF measurements were
conducted on the Islands specifically Hawar as it has ra-
dio-communications stations operated by operators.
SMD is also actively participating with the Spectrum
Strategic and Coordination Committee (SSCC) and its
sub-committees. The TRA shall lead and coordinate the
activities related to the preparation of national positions
on the Agenda Items (AI) 1.13 and 9.1 (issue 9.1.1) of the
World Radiocommunication Conference 2019 (WRC-19),
which shall be held in Geneva under the umbrella of ITU.
SMD participated in two Arab Spectrum Management
Group (ASMG) meetings in Abu Dhabi in 2017, to discuss
important points and issues related to spectrum and Ra-
dio-communication. SMD also attended Task Group 5/1
Meetings in Geneva in May, which are held by the In-
ternational Telecommunications Union. The aim of this
working group is to prepare the conference preparatory
meeting for the World Radio communication Conference
in 2019.
The meetings also discussed the aspects related to the
development of a better regulatory framework for the
provision of satellite services, as well as the preparation
of proposals and working papers to be submitted by the
ASMG to WRC.
Showing utmost commitment towards all its stakehold-
ers: the consumers, the market players, and above all,
the citizens and residents of the Kingdom of Bahrain
– TRA has been dedicated to developing an advanced,
healthy, safe, and competitive telecommunications sec-
tor, with consistent efforts in the direction.
2017 28
 SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT KPIs - A New Level of Efficiency

Processing time of Microwave Links Applications: Processing time of NOC:

The average technical processing time of applications for fixed link was 5.79 days which greatly exceeds the The average processing time for the applications reduced from 1.65 days in 2016 to 1.60 days in 2017, for a
set target of 10 days. total of 3,536 applications received. The total number of applications decreased because there was an update
to the HS codes in the Customs Affairs system “Ofoq” which resulted in further filtering of the devices being
Processing of applications for fixed links assigned to TRA’s approval

10 Processing of applications for No Objection Certificate “NOC”

Days

5
0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1.71 2.57 1.30 1.43 1.61 1.82 1 1 2 1.46 1.68 1.16 2.36
Months of year 2017 4

Days
2
0
Total TRA (Spect) to DWL&FM Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
2016
DWL&FM to TRA (Spect) TRA (Spect) to applicant - Links provided
Months of year 2017
Target: Total Target: TRA 2 LIC
Average application processing time Target for application processing
Target: DWL 2 TRA Target: TRA 2 DWL
Average processing time per month

Average of technical processing time per month

2017 29
Telecom Equipment Importation Report for number of devices entering Bahrain TRA’s Electronic Approval System registers significantly higher efficiency in processing
Despite the huge number of requests for telecom equipment importation through Ofoq system, Telecom Equipment Imports - April
the SMD managed – through outsourcing this task – to quantify the imported equipment and to
categorize them.
Telecommunication equipment imported between
Approved number of devices from imported shipments Feb 2016 and Feb 2017 (units)
200.000 185.946
159.113 160.710
153.754
150.000
122.854 120.528
108.742 111.260 105.068 110.844 110.807
100.000
69.027
50.000

0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Months of year 2017

Telecom devices entered Bahraini Market

Approved telecom equipment imported to Bahrain per month

The total number of devices that entered the market was 1,518,653

Adopted in early 2016, the new ‘Electronic Approval System’ renders the processing of telecoms
equipment imports highly efficient with overall requests taking less than 2 days on average,
compared to just over 4 days via the manual process – an improvement of over 50%.

Network Equipment 4,174 (0.27%) According to the statistics issued by TRA on telecommunications equipment imported from
February 2016 to February 2017, the total number of units imported into the Kingdom reached
Antennas 1,707 (0.11%)
about 1.8 million.
Passive Equipment 87,021 (5.73)
Other 139,257 (9.71)
Terminal equipment 1,286,476 (84.71%)

Categorization of imported telecom equipment

2017 30
Increase in the number of reported interference incidents
The number of reported interference incidents has increased from 27 in 2016 to 64 in 2017. This was mainly due to a
large number of interference complaints submitted by Viva in the month of October.

No. of Interference Cases and their Solving Average Time (2017) Cross Border Spill-over Signals Monitoring

60 10 • There were 2 incidents where signals in dedicated mode (i.e. consumers could connect to the network)
were observed from operators in neighboring countries.
9
0 51
Average Solving Time, days Solved/Closed Cases

8 • SMD was able to negotiate with its contracted vendor to extend the jurisdiction of conducted measurements
7 for spillover to Hawar Island, Al Dar Island and Jarada Island without any additional cost.
0

Target, days
6
0 5
4
0
3
12.7
9 8.4 2
0 7 5.5 7 8
4 1
2 2 5 5
4 5 2 0 5
0 3 0 0
0

Interference Total Solved/Closed Cases Interference Average Solving Time

Interference Total Received Cases Target: Total KPI
Target: Spectrum Dept to DWLF&M Target: Interference Solving Time

No. of Interference Cases and their Solving Average Time (2017)

Fixed Point to Point Links

2017 - Approved applications & Total Fixed Links

120 2500 Total Number of Fixed Links at the end
1582
Approved applications per Month

100 0
1582 1581 1585 1593 1602 1623 1618 1627 1626 1620 1620 2000
of each month

80
1500
60 76 3 1
3 0
3
1 0 3 1 1000
1
40 3 1 11 1
9 4 0
26
2 23
10 500
20 8
2
1 1 17 17 20
6 1 1
1
12 3 3 22 10 8 9 30 12 19 16 13 25
0 0
Months of year 2017

New Deletion Upgrade Downgrade

Re-allocate Re-configure Update No. of Links Cross Border Spill-Over Measurement Route

2017 31
 Redefining Telecommunications - Telecommunications Utility Infrastructure KPIs

Received and cleared Central Planning Office (“CPO”) Central Planning Office
and TRA e-wayleaves (“CPO”) consultations received and cleared by TRA
50.00

1200 45.00 100.0

1060 95.0
965 1022
987 40.00 90.0
1000 200 85.0
930
850 950 845 171 80.0
35.00
870 159 75.0
760

Number of applications
70.0

Number of days
800 30.00 150 65.0
Approved WL

Processing days
679 122
705 60.0
122 119
25.00 55.0
607
600 103 104 50.0
103 96 102
19.48 20.00 100 92 95 91 89 45.0
87 90
79 84 78 40.0
400 72 68 35.0
15.00 65 28.7 65
34.2 30.0
11.16 54 54
10.87 7.09 9.80 42 25.0
8.04
8.52 8.60 10.00 50 20.0
8.58 5.87 6.17 7.07 4.73 5.30 16.3 22.6
200 13.3
6.80 5.10 10.5 15.0
6.13
5.00 6.2 5.7 5.7 10.0
5.29 4.75
3.86 4.69 4.83 4.80 4.79 4.16 7.3 6.2 6.6 8.3 5.0
0 34 150 112 92 122 3.07 59 68 81 14 41 116 105 31 0.00 0 0.0
Dec/16 Jan/17 Feb/17 Mar/17 Apr/17 May/17 Jun/17 Jul/17 Aug/17 Sep/17 Oct/17 Nov/17 Dec/17 Dec/16 Jan/17 Feb/17 Mar/17 Apr/17 May/17 Jun/17 Jul/17 Aug/17 Sep/17 Oct/17 Nov/17 Dec/17
Wayleaves performance Consultations performance
TRA WL CPO WL TRA WL Average time CPO WL Average time TUI KPI CPO KPI Received CN Cleared CN E2E Processing time TUI KPI CPO KPI

Central Planning Office “CPO” planning permissions received and cleared by TRA
100.0
91.0 95.0
90.0
200 85.0
80.0
75.0
Number of applications

70.0
150 65.0

Processing days
60.0
29 55.0
49.0 50.0
100 45.0
21 40.0
17 35.0
15 14 30.0
12 13 12 12 13 12 25.0
50 11 11
9 8 8 8 9 8 9 20.0
17.0 8 7 15.0
5 11.0
10.0 3 3 9.0 6.0 10.0
7.0 6.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.0 5.0
0 0.0
Dec/16 Jan/17 Feb/17 Mar/17 Apr/17 May/17 Jun/17 Jul/17 Aug/17 Sep/17 Oct/17 Nov/17 Dec/17
Planning permission performance
Received CY Cleared CY E2E Processing time TUI KPI CPO KPI

2017 32
ICT Department KPIs – Excellence in Competence
Mobile Number Portability
The numbering porting central system has witnessed a huge reduction in 2017:
• 22,552 porting requests compared to 73,482 porting requests in 2016, with an average of 1,879 per month.
• The average porting time for subscribers to successfully transfer their number to a new mobile operator was 27 minutes.
• The month of December 2017 witnessed a drop in mobile porting requests with 1,044 porting requests. Whereas
in 2016, the month of January received the highest mobile porting requests with 9,258 porting requests.
• The NP Rejection average in the year 2017 was 13.5%.
Fixed Number Portability
• 7,820 porting requests compared to 2,962 porting requests in 2016, with an average of 652 per month.
• The average porting time for subscribers to successfully transfer their number to a new fixed operator was 151
minutes.
• The month of October 2017 has witnessed the peak of fixed porting requests with 2,293 porting requests. Where
in 2016, the month of January received the highest fixed porting requests with 831 porting request.
• The fixed NP Rejection average in the year 2017 did not exceed the assigned threshold (2017 Threshold is 20%)
with an average of 13% (in 2016 the Rejection average was 16%).
2017 33
Domain Name Approvals
A total of 318 requests for Domain Name approvals were
received in 2017; representing a drop of approximately
16.3% compared to 2016 (380 requests); with an average
response time of 133 minutes representing a drop from
2016 average response time of 220 minutes. This is better
than the Target of 180 minutes to approve a .bh domain
name request.
33 requests were also received for SSL Certificates
compared to 37 SSL requests received in 2016, which has
been responded to within an average of 4 days, exceeding
the Target set of 2 days. This task will also be automated
once the Registry system is launched and the ‘WHOIS’
service is activated.
2017 34
 EMBRACING THE FUTURE - The TRA Initiatives through 2017
• 5G Workshops – January, June, November
In preparation, for the upcoming 5th generation
of mobile networks (5G), TRA held three workshops
around the year to discuss the possibilities and the
challenges relevant to the development.
In January, TRA held a technical workshop‫‫‬
with Qualcomm – one of the world’s largest chip
manufacturers; to discuss 5G spectrum requirements
‬for the region and use of applications in the 5G era‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬.
In June, TRA again conducted a workshop involving
all the concerned entities: telecom operators,
relevant government bodies and telecom equipment
manufacturers, along with number of the TRA
employees to discuss the roadmap to facilitate
imminent deployment of 5G network. During the
conference, TRA also discussed its position paper
on 5G mobile networks: ‘Fixed Point to Point Links’,
published in collaboration with relevant government
authorities.
Later in November, the TRA held a workshop with
global ICT solutions company, Ericsson, focusing
on LTE evolution, spectrum requirements and 5G • EFQM Training Course – January
standardization; pacing up efforts towards establishing TRA has been a longtime advocate of EFQM (European
a 5G ecosystem in Bahrain. Foundation for Quality Management) excellence model,
and was awarded the EFQM Commitment to Excellence
certificate in 2014. The latest training course was a
continuation of the commitment, ensuring staff members
have all the tools and knowledge required to apply its
principals and concepts.
• Economics for Competition Law Training Course
– Feb
TRA held the training course aiming to expand and develop
TRA staff’s knowledge and skills in the economics of the
competition law, for enhanced overall operational efficiency.
• NTP4 Project- Skill Gap Analysis for Telecom
Sector – January to October
On the lines of the ‘Fourth National Telecommunications
Plan’ implementation, the Telecommunications
Authority Bahrain conducted an intensive research
along with KPMG to identify and analyze the skills
and competencies within the Bahrain telecom sector,
and develop policies and strategies to overcome the
shortcomings, both on a short & long term basis.
2017 35
• QOS Regulation Workshop with Operators -
June
In preparation for TRA’s latest Quality of Service
Regulation (QOS), TRA Held a workshop with telecom
operators to introduce and create understanding
about, the latest amendments in the regulation.
• Single Network Policy’ Meeting - October
As part of developing new economic regulatory
framework to deliver the single network policy under
the ‘Fourth National Telecommunications Plan’ (NTP4);
the TRA chaired a key meeting with mobile operators:
Batelco, Viva, and Zain – to discuss the way forward;
understand mobile operators’ short term technical
goals related to network development, and to ensure
that consumers are provided with better quality
services during the transitional period.
• Internal Legal Affairs Directorate (LAD)
workshop for contract drafting – October
The comprehensive three-day program focused on
delivering practical and applied training of the key drafting
skills needed to create transparent and direct contracts to
deliver on a legal and commercial level.
• NFV-SDN Technologies Developments workshop
with Huawei – November
TRA held Technologies Developments Workshop with
Huawei regarding the NFV/SDN (Network Functions
Virtualization / Software Defined Networking) for a better
understanding of the role of these technologies in 5G.
• Mobile Audit workshop with MNOs – September,
November
TRA organized the workshop to familiarize mobile operators
with the methodologies that TRA were to undertake in its
upcoming Mobile Network Audit. A report was published
during December 2017, and the results of the audit were
made available for public viewing. The results of the audit
were included in the TRA’s ‘Annual Mobile Quality of Service
Report’– published in December; and were made available
for public viewing.
• Future Leaders Program - December
With the aim of building insertional and innovative
leadership hub through sustainable youth development, the
Telecommunications Authority initiated the ‘Future Leaders
Program’, which is to be implemented throughout 2018.
The program shall work towards effective skills transfer
among the Bahraini Youth through coaching and mentoring
them by experienced and qualified mentors accompanied by
the continuous support.
2017 36
EMPOWERING

2017 37
TRA continued making unprecedented progress in the
direction of consumer empowerment through exten-
sion of improved and constantly evolving services to tel-
ecommunication consumers in the Kingdom.
The Telecommunication Authority’s latest ‘Telecom-
munications Services Residential Market Survey’ report
confirmed competition in the telecommunications sec-
tor has significantly contributed to the provision of tele-
communications services to citizens and residents in the
Kingdom of Bahrain.
Results indicate all respondents have access to a mobile
phone, and 98% of respondents have access to internet
services compared to 89% in 2015. The percentage of
individuals using the Internet also reached 98% in Bah-
rain.
TRA’s consumer support efforts touched a new apex in
2017, with its call center operations achieving 99% suc-
cess rate in resolving caller issues on the spot, and an
exceptional service level at 96%, up 2% from 2016.
Residents in the Kingdom have also been enjoying the
flexibility of transferring their personal numbers freely
between telecoms service providers. The average time
to port mobile numbers in 2017 was just 27 minutes on
average.”
However, reduction in number portability transactions
was reported by the survey, indicating mobile services
had evolved to suit the requirements of users. The num-
ber of accepted mobile numbers ported reached 17,846
in 2017, compared to 55,656 in 2016. The survey also
revealed improved mobile services, with 10% dip in the
number of respondents using multiple SIMs, from 2015,
reaching to 31% in 2016.
TRA’s continuous efforts towards the benefit of consum-
ers, were once again reflected in further significant re-
ductions in the GCC Data Roaming Rates. Benefitting 91
Million mobile users across the GCC, data roaming in the
GCC now costs 35% less, compared to the previous year,
among other roaming price reductions.
Now in its second year, the trend is to continue until 2020
for data roaming services – with further reductions every
year.
TRA also announced commencement of implementation
of SIM Card Registration Regulation issued in 2015. The
provisions were created as part of its mission to safeguard
citizens and residents of the Kingdom from fraud and
identity theft related crimes. As of July 12, 2017 Service
providers in the Kingdom of Bahrain had begun imple-
menting the provisions of the regulation.
The new registration process requires subscriber identity
verification in two steps: presenting the applicant’s iden-
tification or passport and biometric scan.
The regulation has also introduced measures that limit
the sale of SIM-cards in shops as the regulation only per-
mits selling SIM-cards through the operators’ outlets and
their resellers who obtain a formal approval from TRA to
conduct the registration and verification processes on be-
half of the mobile operators.
Another very commendable step taken by TRA towards
public safety has been the acquisition of specialized
equipment to measure the ambient level of emissions
produced by radio-communications stations of telecoms
operators within the kingdom, and address consumer
concerns regarding the safety of radio frequency emis-
sions.
In the last two years, TRA measured 2,500 sites; and none
were found to be exceeding the limits and radiation
standards of International Commission on Non-Ionizing
Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). In 2017, EMF (Electro Mag-
netic Frequency) of 500 sites, across varying frequency
bands, was measured till August, and all of them were
found to be well within the limits set by ICNIRP.
The Authority has made it mandatory for the telecom op-
erators, as per condition of licenses to ensure that emis-
sions from each radio installation are within ICNIRP limits.
They are also required to comply with any future radiation
emission standards set by ICNIRP, or have been or will be
adopted by the Kingdom of Bahrain.
For increased consumer satisfaction, TRA also published a
webpage to allow public access to data on emissions from
telecommunications masts, amidst a rapid increase in the
use of wireless radio technologies and services, and the
establishment of several base stations close to residential,
public and business areas.
The latest ‘Telecommunications Services Residential Mar-
ket Survey Report’ confirmed healthy competition in the
telecommunications sector to be significantly contributing
to the provision of telecommunications services to citizens
and residents in the Kingdom of Bahrain.
With respect to internet usage, the survey cites the use of
social networking sites as the main internet activity for
93% of internet users, followed by the email by 71% and
downloading multimedia content by 70%. 29% of the sur-
vey sample also reported engaging in e-commerce activities
mainly for shopping.
The Telecommunications Services Market Survey also con-
firmed the overall user satisfaction with telecommunica-
tions services in Bahrain to be high. The survey shows that
82% of respondents are satisfied with their overall fixed line
services; 90% are satisfied with overall mobile services; and
84% are satisfied with the overall internet services.
Throughout the year, TRA conducted events, workshops,
and campaigns to ensure that all sections of society enjoy
hassle-free and transparent services in the telecom sector.
The campaigns also led to a major increase in the aware-
ness about TRA among consumers.
2017 38
TRA Consumer Support Continues to Improve
EOY Call Center KPIs EOY Complaints KPIs
In 2017, the Consumer Call Center received 4,053 calls with a 99% response success rate. These results were in Compared to 2016 the number of complaints jumped by 18.50%; from 796 to 942. 95% (895) of complaints
line with the TRA’s objective of promoting consumer communication frameworks for all complaints and in- were closed in 2017, within an average 16 days
quiries related to telecommunications service providers. An exceptional service level was also achieved, rising
to 96%, a 2% increase from 2016.

First Call Resolution rate rose to 99%, while the Abandoned Rate came down further to 1.2% in 2017. The
average speed of answering calls also came down to just 2.7 seconds, compared to 5.5 seconds in 2016 – high-
lighting the ever-enhancing efficiency in TRA’s operations.

Complaint Categories
The total complaints received were broken down into the following categories: Billing (33%), Network Service
Performance (25%) and contracts (20%), while the remaining categories combined for (22%). TRA’s efforts have
also resulted in increased awareness among consumers of the risks of roaming bill shocks as roaming com-
plaints have fallen to about 4% compared to previous years.

2017 39
Further reduction in GCC Data Roaming Rates in 2017 Satisfaction with mobile service providers

1516 1575 1199 1199 317 376 518 543 499 533 499 499

33% 34%
31% 32%
38%
28%
25% Survey 1 35%
34%
Survey 2 33%

25% 25%

Overall Mobile Prepaid Post-paid Batelco VIVA Zain

Number Portability for 2017 Satisfaction with Broadband service providers

55,656 11,839 1,399 331 562 385 141 135 421 250 161 166 119 59 184 96 98 64

2016 2016 47%

42%
17,846 3039 2,644 991
40% 39% 39%
33% 33%
29% 29% 29% 30%
27% 27% 26%
2017 2017

• Consumer awareness of TRA and satisfaction levels with service Providers

A consumer experience survey conducted by TRA confirmed high levels of satisfaction in both
the ‘Mobile’ and ‘Broadband’ services, as well as with the TRA’s overall role within the telecom
sector. Overall Fixed Wireless Batelco VIVA Zain Mena
Broadband Telecom
Conducted by the ‘Consumer Affairs’ department, the survey aimed at assessing the con-
sumer awareness of TRA and satisfaction level with service Providers.

2017 40
Satisfaction With TRA’s Role

39 36

2016 Business Market Survey (published in 2017) 2016 Residential Market Survey (published in 2017)

Telecom Service highlights

All Businesses find telecom

64%
of Businesses looking at
Mobile 100% of respondents
service have access
to mobile
Internet Access at Home

service indispensable or multiple telecom provider Own only

important for their activities instead of only one one SIM card

Internet service How satisfied are businesses
with telecom services in Bahrain?
69% 98%
How satisfied are customers with
Top 3 Internet Activities
telecom services in Bahrain?

95%
of Businesses Fixed Mobile Internet Fixed Mobile Internet Social networking sites
have access
to internet Sending or receiving e-mail
95% 97% 98% 82% 90% 84%
Satisfied Satisfied Downloading movies, images, music, watching TV

2017 41
TRA Consumer Awareness Campaigns 2017
Contract Awareness Campaign – January
Emphasizing on the importance of service contracts, TRA’s
‘Contract Awareness Campaign’, impelled consumers to read
their telecommunications service contracts with their ser-
vice providers before signing, to ensure familiarity with their
rights and the provider’s responsibilities.
The playful campaign video featured renowned social media
influencer Ahmed Sharif.
Third Technology Expo, Al-Iman School – March
TRA presented a lecture titled “SafeSurf and online privacy”,
aimed at educating the students to take advantage of the best
aspects of the digital world and protecting their privacy on-
line. This included a session of training the children to train
other children during the Expo.
A number of SafeSurf-awareness animations produced by TRA
were also showcased at the expo to highlight the dangers that
may be encountered by students online, as well as solutions
to mitigate these risks, and promote safe and responsible use
of the new technology.
GCC Roaming Campaign – April
TRA organized the online campaign to inform the consumers
about further reductions in GCC roaming prices, as part of the
collaboration with the GCC countries. Citizens across the six na-
tions enjoy further price reductions on roaming rates since April
1, 2017.
International Roaming Awareness Campaign – July
TRA in 2017, launched the ‘Roaming Awareness Campaign’,
aimed at informing the public on risks of roaming bill shocks
and the options available to reduce mobile data and phone bills
while roaming abroad.
A booth was also setup at the Bahrain International Airport, un-
der the campaign, informing passengers about the importance
of turning the data roaming off.
TRA also published a ‘Roaming Guide’ on international roam-
ing in public interest, educating about the roaming rules and
guidelines, and how best to use telecom services when out on
roaming.
2017 42
Your SIM Your Responsibility - November Major Increase in Awareness of TRA Campaigns
To educate mobile subscribers of the serious legal and financial risks faced by losing track of their SIM Cards or 2017 witnessed a major increase in awareness of TRA Campaigns, owing to their well-researched, effective and informative,
giving them away to others; the TRA launched “Your SIM, Your Responsibility” campaign on its website and social consumer-focused content:
media channels, to create awareness towards SIM card protection; highlighting the importance of individual roles
in the control and prevention of SIM card related frauds. The Campaign has been running successfully ever since
its launch. Seeing TRA Awareness
Campaigns
Awareness about TRA
Campaigns No
Not Sure
Yes 9%
Survey 2: 19%

Survey 1: 6% 19%
73%

Other channels for Awareness of TRA

Communicating with TRA on Social media Platforms

39%
OnlineLive Chat 31%
30%
Whatsapp Number 24%
15%
Video Calls 23% 7%
2% 2%
Social Media 5%

am

ok

be

In
tte

sit

d
bo

tu
gr

ke
No Answer /

eb
i
25%

Tw
u
ce
sta

Lin
W
Yo
Do not Know

Fa
In
Base: Who are aware of TRA presence of Social media; 54
Base: Who are aware of submitting complains through TRA; 215

2017 43
PROTECTING AND
REGULATING EFFECTIVELY

2017 44
As the ever-evolving digital technologies unfold newer
possibilities and opportunities; their all-encompassing
nature and ubiquitous use, at the same time, raise new
concerns regarding information security and privacy,
and other implications, many of which may not yet be
fully known.
TRA ensures cybersecurity and cyber safety are impor-
tant ongoing initiatives, and that the Kingdom’s critical
telecommunications infrastructure is as secure and resil-
ient as possible, by enabling, supporting, and if neces-
sary, mandating the security initiatives by the regulatory
bodies on a constant basis.
For optimum utilization of the ever evolving digital
technologies, TRA has been making continuous efforts
toward deployment of next-generation network and
service infrastructure, and integrating them with broad-
er initiatives toward the digital economy.
The TRA also has been adopting policies that are con-
ducive to innovation and advancement in the telecom
sector. In 2017, TRA issued the ‘Critical Telecom-
munications Infrastructure (CTI) Risk Management
Regulation’; an effective framework to elevate the tel-
ecommunications sector cyber security readiness, and
harmonize efforts between local and global best prac-
tices.
Owing to TRA’s advanced approach, and active cooper-
ation from the stakeholders, Bahrain has attained the
‘Mature’ stage of Cyber Security readiness as per
the assessment of the International Telecommunica-
tions Union’s (ITU) ‘Global Cyber Security Index 2017’.
The index measured the cyber security commitment
levels of all 193 ITU state members based on five key
pillars ranging from legal, technical, organizational, to
capacity building and cooperation.
With its consumer focused approach, the TRA has been
constantly reviewing its policies and regulations in the
best interest of consumers. Further strengthening the
consumer’s rights in the sector, TRA, in 2017, pub-
lished the ‘Consumer Protection Regulation’,
which aims to empower consumers to make informed
decisions and establish the rights of consumers and the
corresponding obligations of licensed operators.
TRA also laid down the ‘Guidelines on Traffic Man-
agement and Pricing Practices’, aimed at creating
awareness about subscriber & user rights in terms of In-
ternet access service; give Licenced Operators a clear un-
derstanding of the acceptable and reasonable conduct in
terms of traffic management policies and practices and
pricing practices; while also indicating how the Authority
intends to supervise compliance by operators and take
enforcement action when appropriate.
Due to rapid adoption of OTT communications, both re-
gionally and globally, TRA developed a report on ‘Security
Measures for Over-the-Top (OTT) Applications’, establish-
ing an informed position on security risks associated with
OTT communications and applications such as “live” ser-
vices, social media, VOIP calls. Recommendations were
also developed to mitigate the identified risks.
To enhance effectiveness of its strategies, the TRA also
conducted a public consultation on the ‘Regulation on
the Privacy of Individuals and Data Protection in the Tel-
ecommunications Sector’. The regulation is devised to
provide framework for regulating user privacy regarding
the protection of personal data processing.
For improved control over SIM card related frauds, TRA
implemented the new SIM Card Regulation, which
lays down new registration and verifications processes for
SIM card subscribers, to control the SIM Card resellers in
order to prevent unauthorized sale of SIM Card.
TRA Cyber Safety Research and Statistics
TRA National Internet Safety Review (NISR) Launched on TRA Website
TRA also launched crucial youth-oriented research the ‘Nation-
al Internet Safety Review’ (NISR) on its website; measuring the
exposure and awareness behavior of youths to risky online be-
havior in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study was made possible
through the vital cooperation of schools around the country; was
conducted from a survey sample of 2,433 people, 1,637 of which
were (12 -18 years old).
Among all of the risks identified, Cyberbullying was found to be
the largest threat to young people surveyed: the NISR identifying
it as a key government and educational priority in safeguarding
young people online.
• It was reported by 37.9% of youths that they were victims of
cyberbullying, but it’s just as alarming that 30% admitted to
engaging in cyberbullying themselves.
• After correlating the data, it was determined that a 23.1%
overlap existed who were both cyberbullies and were cyber-
bullied.
• According to the study, instant messaging, text messaging
and social networking platforms are the three most com-
mon mediums used for cyberbullying in the Kingdom.
Another problem identified as a substantial risk was the possi-
bility of meeting strangers online. Although as a result of TRA’s
Cyber Safety initiatives, the number of people sharing private
information with strangers online, and subsequently meeting
them, has dropped significantly from 43% in 2010 to 16.4% in
2015. While this is a positive indicator, meeting strangers is still
a major issue due to the severe nature of the potential negative
impact it could have on young people.
2017 45
Keeping
a Tab
2017 46
TRA undertook a number of initiatives throughout 2017, to keep a constant check of its progress, and monitor its key success factors.

• Market Indicator’s Report 2016 and 2017 The Consumer web portal that has been developed with the Total Bahrain international The Annual Mobile QoS, Billing and Coverage
Highlighting the continuing move towards data consump- platform has been revamped and is planned to be published cable capacity (gbps) Audits
tion, the 2017 report revealed important trends in how cit- in Jan 2018. 600 After awarding the IMT Licenses to Mobile operators in 2013,
izens in Bahrain used telecommunication services during the authority obliged operators to cover 99% of the popula-
2016; this data-driven shift was the most noticeable change 500 tion; the Mobile Network Coverage Audit was conducted in
that continued in occurrence during 2017. QoS Monitoring & Reporting Framework 400
Sep-Oct 2017.
TRA aimed at evaluating and benchmarking quality levels of-
While the number of fixed line telephony has increased by 300 fered by Mobile Network Operators (MNO) in the Kingdom of
3% between the end of 2016 and end of 2017, mobile and Bahrain, Batelco, Viva and, Zain from an end-user perspec-
200
broadband subscriptions services dropped by 21% and 1.44% tive, for the following set of services:
consecutively, over the same period. 100 • Voice
• Short Message Services (SMS)
0
With 2.36 million mobile subscriptions, to a population • Smartphones data tests (Web surfing, HTTP file transfers)
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
of 1.45 million, and the penetration rate already having • Smartphones data tests on hotspots (HTTP file transfers)
reached 163%, the market became saturated and the growth • The Annual International Capacity Report Available Provisioned Used • Video streaming assessment using Smartphones
rates fell to their lowest level during 2017. The ICT department produced the International Connectivity • Social networks using Smartphones
and Capacity report for 2017. The data required were collected International IP transit
Uptake of faster broadband services was on the rise as 48% of from the operators and were analyzed, to study the evolution The purpose of this audit is to conduct the assessment using
all fixed broadband subscriptions were able to receive access capacity, Mbps a test method designed to gather a faithful qualitative record
of the international capacity on the different international
speeds of 10Mbit/s or more in 2016, up from 36% in 2015. cables landing in Bahrain and the internet peering points. from an end-users’ point of view, avoiding assessing quality
200.000
The fixed wired broadband subscriptions also continued to The purpose of this report was to assist the TRA in assessing through a pure technical angle as this is performed by Mo-
rise due to increased demand for optical-fiber connections. the overall status of the telecommunications connectivity be- 180.000 156.628 bile Operators themselves on a regular basis.
tween the Kingdom and the rest of the world. The following figures summarize the recorded results:
120.000 107.460
• Quality of Service Management 86.771
A number of QoS initiatives were also executed during 2017. The report highlighted a number of key issues including: 80.000
The ICT department managed to publish ‘Quarterly Broad- • Update on the number of physical routes and the usage 59.220
40.000 30.500
band QoS Report’ biannually, which tested the Fixed and Mo- of those routes;
bile Broadband services, and monitored the level of quality • Updates on the Capacity usage of individual cables sys- 0
provided by Fixed and Mobile Broadband services from the tems; 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
consumers’ prospective. Tests on service provided by Internet • Updates on IP transit capacity, usage and commercial ar-
Service Providers (ISPs) and Mobile Network Operators were rangements; The report concluded the following major findings based on
conducted at five stationary locations across the Kingdom. • Peering arrangements for local exchange of IP traffic; the above captured results:
• International voice usage patterns through 2016/2017 • International available capacity (leased or owned by Op-
The ‘Broadband Quality of Service Report’ for the first half • Potential issues as reported by the operators. erators) grew by 32% to 499 Gbps. This was reported as
of 2017 noted a rise of LTE Mobile data performance across
377 Gbps in 2016.
the sector from Q1 to Q2, 2017. While average performance
• International provisioned capacity increased by 35% from
dipped to 16.6 Megabytes per second (Mbps) in the first quar-
182 Gbps to 245 Gbps.
ter, the average rose back to 23.4 Megabytes per second in
• International Used capacity increased by 28% from 119
the second quarter of 2017.
Gbps to 152 Gbps.
• In 2017, 49% of the Available capacity has been provi-
TRA also announced it was in the process of publishing an
sioned, and 62% of the provisioned capacity is being used.
updated regulation on the quality of service to ensure users
enjoy the best service possible.

2017 47
Voice service - Rate of perfect calls HTTP DL Throughput (Mbps) with a 4G handset SMS - RS10 - Rate of SMS received within 10 seconds

99.3%

96.3%

94.5%
94.1% 94.1% 93.8%

2010 2011 2012 2014 2016 2017

Voice Quality - Rate of perfect 2 minutes calls HTTP DOWNLOAD - Average download Throughput (Mbps) VPQR: % of videos set-up, held for 2 min, and marked 3 or 4

Batelco 98.9%

VIVA 99.6%

Zain 99.2%

Voice Quality - Rate of Successfull calls set up

SMS Service - Rate of SMS received within 30 seconds

HTTP UPLOAD - average upload Throughput (Mbps)

IPv6 in Bahrain – Current Situation Report
A dynamic readily observed in traffic measurements is that the demand for IPv6 ser-
vice appears to be low until it is turned on, and then spikes as applications discover its
availability. This confirms the readiness of operating systems and applications for IPv6.

The Authority with RIPE NCC conducted a workshop with the local operators in Bah-
rain in April, 2017 to present the current global IPv6 state as well as in the region
with special focus on Bahrain.

2017 48
PROMOTING
A CULTURE OF DISTINCTION

2017 49
The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority has Localizing Excellence
been whole-heartedly building on its idea of global
excellence – firmly embedded in the development
of Bahraini human capital in the sector; through
potent initiatives aimed at creating a localized in- The TRA Employment Status • PROPORTION OF MALE AND FEMALE WORKING IN THE TELECOMMUNICATION SECTOR
sertional and innovative leadership hub through • Local – Expat Ratio 80%

sustainable youth development; and adopting the 2012 - 3:7 73% 73%
72% 71%
73%
72% 72% 72%

best practices, policies, and methodologies for the 70%

continuous enhancement and upliftment of its hu- Bahrainis 30% Expats 70%
man resources; its stakeholders; and of the King- 60%

dom as a whole.
2017 - 4:1 50%

TRA’s steadfast commitment to empowering and

enabling the local talent in the sector, has borne Bahrainis 80% Expats 20% 40%

many a fruitful consequences in the recent past, en-

29%
abling the Authority to greatly alter its employment • Male – Female Ratio 30% 27% 27% 28%
27% 28% 28% 28%

policy, to the benefit of the Bahraini citizens. Affect- 2017 - 13:7

ing a remarkable reversal to its workforce, within a 20%

span of just five years; the TRA in 2017, achieved a 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Bahraini to Expat employee ratio of 4:1 (80% Bah-

Males 65% Females 35%
rainis). The same, in 2012, stood at 3:7 – only 30%
Bahrainis, and a staggering 70% Expatriates.
FEMALE MALE

The female employee percentage in TRA also saw

a healthy upsurge of 7%, reaching 35% in 2017, up
from 28% in 2016. • Number of Employees Working in the Telecommunications Sector

Understanding the strategic imperative of National- 3,230

3,206
ization, TRA timely implemented strategic plans to 3,134
2,708 3,092
develop skilled local talent pool and involve them 3,029
3,000
in the sector mainstream, by championing develop- 2,584
ment plans that aligned with its own strategic prior- 2,500
2,460
2,504

ities as an organization. The Authority also achieved

NUMBER OF EMPLOYEES

robust results in retaining nationals in the Bahrain 2,000

private sector.
1,500
TRA also organized several activities for its employ-
ees, throughout the year, such as: team building ac- 1000

tivities during National Day, TRA Family Day, Ghab-

ga, etc., for enhanced engagement, and increased 500

overall satisfaction among the employees. 0

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Source: TRA analysis based on operators data.

2017 50
 Fostering Amity – TRA Internal Activities & Events

TRA Mini Bank Roadshow – 3 May RAMADAN GHABGA – 7 June

TRA organized a Ghabga (festive Iftar gathering) during Ramadan at the Four Seasons Hotel as part of their commitment to cultivating closer relations with staff members.
Employees enjoyed the festivities including games and raffle prize draws, and other fun activities.

TRA organizes bank roadshow to offer staff special rates.

Health Check-up Drive – 1 June

As part of TRA’s commitment to staff’s wellbeing, medical checkups were held at
TRA headquarters in collaboration with Aster Clinic. Basic health tests and coun-
selling for a healthy lifestyle were extended to the TRA staff at the event.

2017 51
Blood Donation Drive – 30 October Baharaini Women’s Day - 29 Nov Pre National Day Mini Gathering – 12 December
TRA staff donated blood as part of the blood donation drive conducted by TRA in
collaboration with BDF (Expand Abbreviation) at its headquarters.

TRA celebrated the arrival of Kingdom’s National Day at its headquarters. The highlight of the
jovial gathering was the ‘Sherafat Fayrouze Station’ serving drinks & chocolates to the TRA staff.

BIC National Day Event – 14 to 17 Dec

The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA) participated in the National Day

TRA Held an internal event in honor of women’s day, celebrating and acknowl-
edging the significant contribution of the TRA female workforce.

Festival held at the Bahrain International Circuit. During the festival, the TRA briefed the attend-
ees on its functions, responsibilities and awareness campaigns in the interest of the consumer.

2017 52
MAKING
THE MARK – GLOBALLY

2017 53
The Telecommunications Regulatory Authority, with its global
approach, has had an active presence in the international tele-
communications arena, since its very inception.
All through its illustrious journey, the Authority’s efforts have
been coordinated towards putting the Kingdom of Bahrain
amongst the leaders of the world of telecommunications glob-
ally. Result of these tireless efforts of has enabled the Kingdom
to stand at the verge of transforming into a ‘Smart Kingdom’: an
international ICT hub.
Keeping with the latest and best within the telecom industry
has been TRA’s forte, and the consequence is reflected in the
ever-improving international rankings of the Kingdom across
various crucial variables in the telecommunication sector.
2017 saw the extension of the regional and global achievements
of the Kingdom’s telecom sector. Consolidating its position in
the league of ICT savvy nations, the Kingdom of Bahrain secured
top positions across 6 key metrics in the international ICT rank-
ings for 2017. In the overall ICT Development Index (IDI), Bah-
rain stood at 1st place amongst the Arab Countries, and 31st
globally.
As much as ‘What You Do’ matters, ‘How You Do it’ matters as
well. The TRA’s operational excellence and adoption of the best
international methods and practices is highlighted in the global
recognitions it has been garnering constantly on the interna-
tional stage.
For the second time, TRA was honored with the ‘Employer of
the Year Award’ in the public sector for Middle East & North
Africa region (MENA), in recognition of its excellence in human
resource management.
TRA also bagged the ‘Chief Information Security Officer’ (CISO)
Award for best cyber-security initiatives, and practices, and the
‘Best Nationalization Initiative in the GCC” award for human
capital development. The TRA’s commitment to developing a
healthy, safe and competitive market was also acknowledged
with the “Regulatory Initiative of the Year” Award, at 2017
CommsMea Awards.
With a high emphasis on relevant interactions with global busi-
nesses and nations, and forging relations with its international
counterparts in the sector, TRA acknowledges the importance
active participation in the world events to gain a comprehensive
worldview and a better understanding of the complex and con-
verging industry processes.
TRA Bahrain has been active with the ‘International Telecommu-
nications Union Standardization Bureau Economic and Policy
Study Group’ (Referred to as ITU-T Study Group 3). Study Group
3 provides a unique global forum to improve the understand-
ing of the financial and economic aspects associated with the
growth of ICT, particularly with respect to the shift to IP-based
services and future networks and the exponential rise in mobile
wireless communications.
TRA presides over Study Group 3 as one of the Vice-Chairs of
the management team, as well as the lead on International Mo-
bile Roaming aspects; while also participating in various remote
meetings, with a focus on particular topics such as over the top
(OTT) and Mobile Financial Services (MFS).
In 2016, the study group, under the leadership of TRA Bahrain,
approved the recommendation on International Mobile Roam-
ing (IMR) (the recommendation is referred to as ITU-T Recom-
mendation D.97), which sets basic instructions for member
states while indulging in discussions to lower International Mo-
bile Roaming (IMR) rates and prices.
TRA also vice-chairs the Arab Regional Group for Economic and
Policy Study Group of the International Telecommunications
Union (ITU), as well as chair the IMR group falling under it. TRA
coordinates the efforts carried out on an international level be-
tween member states and sector members by demonstrating
and practicing TRA’s strength in terms of being the parties in-
volved towards a consensus agreement in relation to topics of
interest to the industry.
Participating in key projects at the Arab Regulators Network meeting
(AREGNET), TRA Bahrain took the lead on the Arab Price Benchmark-
ing report – considered one of the most important reports that allows
the region to evaluate the current market status; as well as the Inter-
national Mobile Roaming (IMR) Study at the Arab Level. The leadership
on the International Mobile Roaming initiatives comes as a result of
the success that TRA Bahrain has demonstrated in its leadership of the
GCC Mobile Roaming project.
During 2017, TRA attended many prominent international telecom
conferences and symposiums as well, gaining a better perspective on
the situations and solutions of the world telecommunications sector;
the future of the telecommunication and ICT sector and its contribu-
tion to social and economic development.
TRA Bahrain also participated in several Arab Preparatory meetings
for the World Telecommunications Development Conference (WTDC)
2017. The meetings were key to coordinate the Arab regional positions
as well as identify the issues to be addressed in the conference. TRA
contemplated various issues including over the top (OTT) services and
the future of the telecommunication industry in general, across the
region.
Recognizing the importance of regional coordination and cooperation
in the international arena, TRA also conducted regional bilateral visits,
to telecommunication regulators in the Sultanate of Oman and the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during 2017.The visits aimed at strength-
ening ties with the regulators in these member states, and creating a
better understanding of the regional members’ individual priorities
and establish more avenues of cooperation and coordination amongst
the GCC member states.
2017 54
The Success Numbers - Bahrain 2017
International ICT Rankings Continuing the Tradition of Success - TRA 2017 Awards and Accolades
• ‘Employer of the Year Award’
‘Measuring the Information Society Report 2017’ by the International Tele- • ‘Chief Information Security Officer’ Award (CISO)
communication Union (ITU) Recognizing excellence in Human Resource Management, TRA was announced the winner in the
• World Rank 31, Arab Rank 1: ICT Development Index (IDI*) The award was conferred upon the TRA Cyber Security public sector for Middle East & North Africa region (MENA), at the 12th Human Capital Forum MENA,
*IDI is a composite index that monitors and compares ICT developments across countries and over time. Director Dr. Khalid Al Khalifa at the Annual Middle East Dubai. TRA won the honor for the second time in a row.
• World Rank 2, Arab Rank 1: Mobile Broadband Subscriptions per 100 Security Awards Gala in Dubai, as he was recognized
Inhabitants – 162.1 among the top 100 Cybersecurity Leaders in the Middle
• World Rank 2, Arab Rank 1: Percentage of households with Internet – 98% East.
• World Rank 6, Arab Rank 1: Percentage of Households with Computer –
94.8%
• 26.11% – Increase in International Bandwidth Bits per Internet User in
a Single Year
• World Rank 2, Arab Rank 1: Mobile Cellular Subscriptions per 100 Inhab-
itants – 216.9
• World Rank 2, Arab Rank 1: Percentage of Individual Internet Users –
98.0%

Arab Rank World Rank

26

2017 55
• ‘Best Nationalization Initiative in the GCC’
Telecommunications Regulatory Authority Bahrain won the “Best Nationali-
zation Initiative in the GCC” award at the 2017 GCC GOV HR Summit in Abu
Dhabi.
The prestigious event is dedicated to redefining the human capital function in
public sector organizations in the Middle East.
• CommsMea “Regulatory Initiative of the Year” Award
CommsMEA announced TRA Bahrain as winner of the “Regulatory Initiative of
the Year” Award for 2017 in the 12th edition of the annual CommsMEA Awards
in Dubai - UAE.
TRA was recognized for demonstrating the highest commitment to develop
a healthy, safe and competitive market, and secure resilient telecommunica-
tions services.
Gaining Lead on the World Stage - TRA International Participation
• Bilateral Regulatory Visits
Recognizing regional coordination and cooperation as the key in the inter-
national arena, TRA continued its efforts to exchange knowledge and coordi-
nate various projects with regional regulators. During 2017, TRA Bahrain has
had bilateral meetings with the Telecommunication Regulatory Authority of
Oman and the Communications and Information Technology Commission of
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
• Telecommunication Regulatory Authority of the Sultanate of Oman
– January 2017
The delegation visit to TRA Oman, led by the General Director of TRA Bahrain,
Mr. Mohamed Hamad Bubashait, aimed to achieve closer collaboration and
joint efforts between Bahrain and Oman in the field of telecommunication
regulation at regional and international levels.
• Arab Regional Development Forum and Regional Preparatory Meet-
ing for WTDC-17, Khartoum, Sudan, 30 January – 01 February 2017
TRA represented Bahrain at the Regional Preparatory Meeting (RPM) for the
Arab States, in the lead up to the World Telecommunication Development
Conference (WTDC-17).
Participants at the meeting assessed the ongoing implementation of the Du-
bai Action Plan adopted at ITU’s last World Telecommunication Development
Conference (WTDC-14) and identified priority areas for information and com-
munication technology (ICT) development strategies in the Arab region.
Five draft regional initiatives for the Arab States region for the years 2018-2021
were identified at the RPM for discussion and consideration at the upcoming
WTDC-17, which were as follows:
1. Environment, Climate Change and Emergency Telecommunications
2. Confidence and Security in the use of ICTs
3. Digital Financial Inclusion
4. Internet of Things, Smart Cities and Big Data
5. Innovation and Entrepreneurship
2017 56
• Central Region Communications Conference (CRCC), 17 – 19 April 2017, Washington, DC, USA
TRA led the Bahrain delegation to the prestigious annual ICT conference – the ‘Central Region Communications Conference
(CRCC)’, organized by the United States Central Command (USCENTCOM), in conjunction with the Department of State and Federal
Communications Commission (FCC), at Washington, D.C.
Themed “Cyber Incident Response: Key to Mission Assurance” for the year; there were various outcomes to the conference regard-
ing cybersecurity and incident response initiatives, including legal, regulatory, government policy, and international standards
issues.
• SAMENA Telecom Leaders’ Summit, Dubai, 30 April, H.E. Sheikh Nasser Bin Mohamed Al Khalifa represented TRA at
2017 the SAMENA Telecommunications Council’s ‘Telecom Leaders’
Summit’; the renowned annual telecommunications confer-
ence, designed to verbalize critical business, policies and regu-
latory challenges in an ambience conducive to open communi-
cation among a diverse group of key stakeholders.
Appearing on the elite speaker panel concentered on digi-
tal-services ecosystem, Sheikh Nasser shared valuable insights
and expertise on building a digital-services ecosystem support-
ed by a sustainable, progressive industry environment and im-
plementable strategies and outcomes, required for sustaining
digital progress.
The outcome of the Summit was achieving clarity on evolving
imperatives in stakeholder cooperation, for fostering collabo-
ration between telecom operators, regulatory authorities, pol-
icy-makers, and other industry stakeholders, with the ultimate
objective to enhance progress in digital development and cre-
ate business efficiencies and value-creation, among others.
• International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Standardization Bureau Economic and Policy Study
Group, April, 2017
The International Telecommunications Union
(ITU) Standardization Bureau Economic and
Policy Study Group (Referred to as ITU-T Study
Group 3) provides a unique global forum to im-
prove the understanding of the financial and
economic aspects associated with the growth
of ICT, particularly with respect to the shift to
IP-based and NGN/Future Networks and the
exponential rise in mobile wireless communi-
cations.
TRA Bahrain has been active in the work of ITU
including holding position as one of the Vice-
Chairs of the management team of this Study
Group as well as the lead on International Mo-
bile Roaming aspects. TRA Bahrain has also
been participating in various remote meetings relation to the study group with a focus on particular topics such as
over the top (OTT) and Mobile Financial Services (MFS).
In 2016, the study group, under the leadership of TRA Bahrain, approved the recommendation on International
Mobile Roaming (IMR) (the recommendation is referred to as ITU-T Recommendation D.97), which sets some basic
instructions for member states in reaching lower IMR rates and prices.
• Arab Regulators Network meeting (AREGNET), Abu Dhabi, 18–20 September, 2017
With H.E. Sheikh Nasser Bin Mohamed Al Khalifa heading the delegation, TRA attended the Arab Regulators Net-
work meeting (ARGNET), aimed at joining the efforts of regulators from all over the Arab region to tackle key regu-
latory initiatives at both the Arab and International levels.
TRA Bahrain participates in key projects
in AREGNET and takes the lead on the
Arab Price Benchmarking report, which
is considered one of the most important
reports that allows the region to evalu-
ate the current market status; as well as
well as the International Mobile Roaming
Study at the Arab Level.
joint efforts between Bahrain and Oman
in the field of telecommunication regula-
tion at regional and international levels.
The report also supports any required decision making at the head of regulators meeting which takes place on the
last day of the meeting. Bahrain will be chairing the coming work of AREGNET for the period 2018-2019 following
the current chair by TRA UAE.
2017 57
• World Telecommunications Development Conference (WTDC) 2017,
Buenos Aires, Argentina, 09–20 October 2017.
TRA Bahrain attended and participated in the World Telecommunications De-
velopment Conference (WTDC) 2017.
The key International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Conference held every
4 years, represents a unique opportunity for the international community to
gather together and discuss the future of the telecommunication and infor-
mation and communication technologies sector and its contribution to social
and economic development.
• ICANN60, Abu Dhabi, 28 October – 3 November, 2017
TRA Bahrain attended and participated in the ICANN60 conference held in
Abu Dhabi, representing the Kingdom of Bahrain on the Governmental Ad-
visory Committee (GAC). The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers (ICANN) is a nonprofit organization responsible for coordinating the
maintenance and procedures of several databases related to the namespaces
of the Internet, ensuring the network’s stable and secure operation.
• 15th World Telecommunication/ICT Indicators Symposium (WTIS
2017), 14-16 November, 2017, Hammamet, Tunisia
TRA Bahrain shared platform with ICT leaders from across the world to discuss
issues related to information society trends and their measurement, at the
WTIS 2017, the main global forum for telecommunication and information
society measurements, organized by the Telecommunication Development
Bureau (BDT) of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
• Communications and Information Technology Commission (CITC) of the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia – November 2017
H.E. Sheikh Nasser Bin Mohamed Al Khalifa, TRA’s Acting General Director held a bilat-
eral meeting with H.E. the Governor of Communications and Information Technology
Commission (CITC) Dr. Abdulaziz Bin Salem Al-Ruwais.
The meeting was held in conjunction with the Regional Standardization Forum of the
International Telecommunications Union (ITU). The bilateral meeting conferred on
the importance of cooperation between the two regulators as well the current regu-
latory trends in the region and at the global level.

Mr. Adel Mohamed Darwish – Head of International Relations at TRA Bahrain,

chaired the group that discussed and finalized the structure of questions and
the questions (work) assigned to the ITU-D’s Study Groups 1 and 2 for the com-
ing study period (2018 – 2021).
The conference concluded the work related to the Buenos Aires Declaration, the
Buenos Aires Action Plan, as well as setting the priorities and programs of the ITU’s
Development Sector for the next four years (2018-2021).
Attended by around 500 ICT personnel from more than 100 countries, WTIS-17
featured high-level plenary talks on ICT data for investment, and emerging
ICT trends in Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Cloud Computing, and Internet
of Things.
TRA had the opportunity to join a selection of demos, tutorials, and lightning
talks on data visualization and Big Data analysis tools, crowdsourcing data,
next-generation networks and tracking the digital economy.

The Conference was attended by more than 180 member states and over 600 partic- ITU’s latest ‘’Measuring the Information Society Report - 2017’’ – the leading
ipants including governments, operators and ICT providers from all over the world. global index benchmarking the level of ICT development in over 170 econo-
mies worldwide; was also launched at the symposium.

2017 58
• ITU–T Regional Standardization Forum, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 19 No- • SAMENA Convergence to Kuwait 2017, Kuwait, 4 December 2017
vember 2017 TRA Bahrain’s head of international relations Mr. Adel Mohamed Darwish par-
TRA Bahrain Participated in the Arab Regional Standardization Forum; ticipated as a speaker in the Convergence to Kuwait conference held in Kuwait
the Forum focused on the future and trends of Internet of Things (IoT) and in December 2017.
Artificial Intelligence (AI).
The event focused on the collaboration between stakeholders to allow the
The forum opening key note was presented by Mr. Chaesub LEE, Director of industry to continually push innovation to the next level. The event shed light
the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB) at the International on Regulatory Transformation for Fulfilling the Digital Agenda, Data Regula-
Telecommunication Union. tion, Preparation for the 5G World, and Public Policy Considerations for Over-
The-Top (OTT) services and applications.
The Forum brought together experts from all around the world who shared
their experiences, the challenges they foresee and the preparations required
by the industry for the upcoming challenges of IoT and AI.
The key areas of focus at the Forum were:
• IoT Standardization Collaboration
• IoT Emerging Technologies and Future Trends
• Artificial Inelegance (AI) and Machine to Machine communications
• Regulatory and policy aspects of IoT and The Role of SMEs in the IoT
Revolution.

2017 59
THE ROADMAP
TO SMART FUTURE

2017 60
OVERVIEW
Inspired by its vision of creating an efficient telecommunications sector, that
serves as an important engine for Bahrain’s economic growth and diversification,
as well as its social cohesion, the Government of the Kingdom of Bahrain (Gov-
ernment), adopted the fourth National Telecommunications Plan in 2016 (Reso-
lution No. 29), in conformity with Article 15 of the Telecommunications Law, as
promulgated by Legislative Decree No. 48 of 2002 (Telecommunications Law).
The ambitious plan paves the way for Bahrain’s telecom sector to enter a whole
new era of digital connectivity; setting the stage for the introduction of next-gen-
eration Information and Communications Technology (ICT) infrastructure.
Emphasizing the need for a robust digital services sector, the NTP4 – while prior-
itizing investment in new high-speed infrastructure; outlines the idea of an ad-
vanced telecommunications platform, as part of a dynamic and converging ICT
eco-system, which will enhance the digital competence of the Kingdom at un-
precedented levels, establishing it as a regional as well as international ICT HUB.
In 2017, the Telecommunications Regulatory Authority took major steps to initi-
ate the implementation of the Government policy outlined in the Fourth Nation-
al Telecommunications Plan. The first was to undertake the development of a
new economic regulatory framework to support and promote the Plan, majorly
by defining the rules and obligations for operators to support the Plan’s goals
and deliver the ‘Single Network Policy’ – the key to effective implementation of
the Plan.
The TRA also started an initiative to review the entire supply chain for interna-
tional connectivity, and assessment of the effectiveness of the current regulation
relating to the ability of licensed operators to access international connectivity, at
cable landing stations in Bahrain.
TRA is also conducting a review of the mobile market in the Kingdom in order to
understand the effect of market and technology trends on the state of compe-
tition in Bahrain’s mobile market, and the most effective regulatory options in
response to these trends.
The objective is to develop a roadmap of measures to promote Bahrain as a
regional business and ICT hub, under the NTP4 umbrella.
The Fourth National
Telecommunications Plan
The NTP4 Core Objectives
• Promoting Bahrain as an ICT and business hub in the region, with the tele-
communications sector playing a central role in attracting new investment
to the Kingdom.
• Affordable, secure, and robust, ultra-high speed fixed and mobile broad-
band network access to Bahrain consumers.
• Develop a strong and dynamic telecommunication sector by maintaining
effective and sustainable competition in the Bahrain telecom market
• Prioritizing investment in new high-speed ICT infrastructure, with cut-
ting-edge technologies, to stimulate wider economic growth, consistent with
the Kingdom of Bahrain’s Economic Vision 2030 and the goal of becoming
a ‘Smart Kingdom’.
The NTP4 Goals
In line with its objectives, NTP4 has set the following targets to be achieved with-
in its 3 year timespan:
• 95% of all households and 100% of businesses and public radio commu-
nication stations in the Kingdom of Bahrain are able to access affordable,
reliable, and secure ultra-fast broadband services. The remaining 5% of
households shall have access to broadband Internet services using alterna-
tive access methods.
• Deployment of a national fiber network to support the ubiquitous ultrafast
broadband, which all retail service providers will have access to, on an equal,
fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory basis – fostering healthy competi-
tion.
• Adoption of a ‘Clear Spectrum Policy’ plan in the Kingdom, for assignment
of the appropriate bands through clearly identified processes, to support the
continued demand for mobile data services, and its evolution.
• Establishing appropriate support and incentives to promote ICT investment
as well as training programs and capacity building to foster the develop-
ment of talent, entrepreneurs and a Bahraini knowledge base in the inter-
net space.
• Ensure the Kingdom is ranked within the top 20 countries globally, in key inter-
national telecommunications indices, by the end of 2018.
• Effective framework to ensure adoption of international best practices in na-
tional cybersecurity and cyber safety coordination, preparedness, and response,
by the relevant entities in the Kingdom telecommunications/ICT sector.
• A high level of demand for services utilizing ubiquitous ultra- high speed net-
works, based on next-generation fixed and mobile infrastructure that fosters a
converged internet eco-system.
• A comprehensive review – and modification, if necessary; of the Kingdom’s leg-
islative framework for the telecommunications sector to address developments
in the rapidly evolving sector since the promulgation of the Telecommunica-
tions Law in 2002.
The NTP4 Implementation Plan
• Government has identified a number of detailed action steps that will be imple-
mented over the next three years in order to achieve the policy objectives set
out in the Plan.
• Government recognizes that its plan for the sector is ambitious. The complex
and dynamic nature of the ICT sector makes forward-planning all the more chal-
lenging and will require the combined efforts of all stakeholders to achieve the
objectives of the Plan.
• Government intends to work closely with industry participants and other rele-
vant stakeholders and organizations during the implementation phase to deliv-
er on the policy priorities that have been identified for the sector.
• This collaboration – particularly in the area of NBN deployment – aims to ben-
efit all licensees as well as Bahraini consumers and enterprises, while at the
same time ensuring that Bahrain retains its position at the forefront of digital
developments in the region and globally.
2017 61
The Instruments of Success
1- Ubiquitous Ultrafast Broadband Infrastructure
The Outline
• The development of fiber-based National Broadband Network (NBN) ca-
pable of delivering ultra-fast broadband to consumers and businesses
across the Kingdom remains a core objective under NTP4 – a key devel-
opment underpinning all of the policies established by the Plan.
• The technologies and network architecture in the deployment of the NBN
must be “future proof”; ensuring that the network can be upgraded at
minimal cost to deliver state-of-the-art performance in line with interna-
tional benchmarks.
• A single NBN infrastructure in the Kingdom for ultra-fast broadband prod-
ucts and services. This single network will be established and operated by
a separate legal entity, with the right to deploy the network and supply
products and services, to all licensed operators within the Kingdom, on a
non-discriminatory basis.
• Strengthening the existing regulatory framework to ensure that Other
Licensed Operators (OLOs) are able to compete more effectively in the
provision of services to end-user customers.
2. Mobile Competition
The Outline
• Ensure the Kingdom’s strong and competitive telecom sector continues
to deliver significant customer benefits and sustainable competition is
safeguarded while maintaining high quality of service standards for mo-
bile voice and data.
• To sustain the current healthy and effective level of competition in the
telecom market, and avoid regulatory uncertainty; TRA is not to issue
individual mobile telecommunications license to any new applicants
during the NTP4 timespan.
3. Spectrum allotment/assignment and wireless infrastructure
evolution
The Outline
• Identify spectrum that should be allocated for commercial telecommu-
nications services in line with the current Radio Regulations of the Inter-
national Telecommunication Union, while also making necessary plans
to free up spectrum, currently held by other entities – for the purpose of
promoting sustainable growth in the mobile industry.
• Spectrum awarding for commercial telecommunications services to be
in line with international best practices, whilst taking into account the
priority placed by the Government on the roll-out and uptake of fiber
services.
• All allotted radio spectrum for commercial use will be subject to review,
to ensure efficient utilization, management and valuation of the radio
spectrum to the benefit of the Kingdom.
• Implementation of regulatory measures as necessary to optimize the ef-
ficient use of wireless infrastructure and to promote and encourage site
and mast sharing amongst all commercial wireless networks wherever
feasible.
• Ensure compliance with the established procedures, requirements and
technical rules for the construction, siting and design of radio communi-
cations stations and supporting structures.
• To further facilitate the provision of advanced mobile services, the Gov-
ernment will coordinate with relevant Government agencies, to secure
sites in private and public developments, necessary for new mast con-
struction.
4. National Security of Electronic Communications Networks and
Services
The Outline
• Implementation of cybersecurity and cyber-safety measures across all sectors of
the Kingdom, in line with the latest international standards and measures being
adopted in other key markets globally, to ensure the Kingdom’s critical telecom-
munications infrastructure is as secure and resilient as possible.
• Inventory of all critical telecommunications infrastructure in Bahrain. The fa-
cilities thus identified should be evaluated to determine how they measure up
against cybersecurity best practices globally, and any gaps should be addressed
as a matter of priority.
• Measures to secure user devices and improve consumer awareness of online
threats and how to deal with them, for cyber safety of consumers.
5. International Connectivity
The Outline
• A review of the entire supply chain of international capacity, including the pro-
vision of cross-border dark fiber, and adoption of necessary measures for effi-
cient functioning of the relevant markets.
• Review of the effectiveness of current regulation relating to the ability of li-
censed operators to access international capacity at cable landing stations in
Bahrain, along with effective interim measures to minimize the anti-competi-
tive impacts of any bottlenecks.
• Review the continued need for ‘Bahrain Internet Exchange’ (BIX) and its role
going forward, with a view to making the most efficient and effective use of
Government resources.
• Implementation of measures to ensure effective local peering arrangements be-
tween internet service providers, so that local internet traffic remains within the
Kingdom. TRA shall monitor the arrangements to ensure maximum amount of
internet traffic remains within Bahrain.
2017 62
6. Access to Internet Applications and Services 7. Developing Bahrain as a Regional ICT Hub 8. Review of the Telecommunications Law

The Outline The Outline The Outline

• Promoting a converged ICT eco-system of both fixed and mobile services,
to allow the Kingdom’s telecom consumers, the access to lawful content
and applications of their choice, using the devices of their choosing, so
far as is technically feasible, and without unreasonable discrimination
by telecommunications operators.
• Prioritize, as a core policy, the deployment of a fiber-optic based NBN to
enable advancements in the process for the development of the ‘Internet
of Things’ (IOT), as well as of cloud technology and other developments
necessary for the Kingdom’s aspiration of transforming into a ‘Smart
Kingdom’.
• Device complementary policies that promote non-discriminatory access
to internet content and applications via both fixed and mobile broad-
band services to contribute to the development of a healthy internet
eco-system and promote user take-up.
• Relevant initiatives to promote the development of the local ICT sector
as a whole, and the telecommunications industry in particular – as a key
component to the wider economic development in Bahrain and essen-
tial for achieving the Economic Vision 2030 objectives, and recognizing
the Kingdom’s economy as ‘future proof’.
• Identification and addressing of obstacles in the telecommunications/
ICT sector to attract leading global content and service providers to the
Kingdom of Bahrain.
• Achieve greater cooperation and communication between businesses,
governmental agencies and consumers to promote the development,
hosting and use of local content and applications.
• Necessary funding programs for the creation of academic and training
programs specialized in the telecommunications sector, to foster devel-
opment of Bahraini human capital in the telecommunications sector,
and ensure that the right skills are available to develop the sector further.
• Promulgated in 2002, the Telecommunications Law has served its
purpose well and proven to be relatively flexible. However, given the
fast evolving telecommunications sector, a number of areas have
been identified in which the existing legislation may require updat-
ing to reflect industry developments.
• TRA in coordination with the Government, will undertake a review of
the existing provisions of the Telecommunications Law in line with
international best practice, and will also consider the need to update
the legislation and related legal instruments to address industry de-
mands and developments.

• Promote the development of local content, applications and hosting

within the Kingdom. This will include encouraging greater coordination
amongst all organizations and agencies that have responsibilities affect-
ing developments in this important area.

• Monitoring of the Kingdom’s ranking against key international telecom-

munications / ICT indices, in order to ensure the Kingdom is ranked
amongst the top 20 countries globally by the end of 2018.

• Lead coordination with the rest of the GCC and put forth initiatives which
will support the development of the telecommunications sectors and
the digital economy of the region.

2017 63
APPENDIX
2017 64
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Annex A Service Licenses - 31 December 2017
LICENSES GRANTED AS OF 31 DECEMBER 2017 REVOKED LICENSES (IN 2017)
Revoked
Licensee Licenses VAS ISL ISP IFL NFL NFWS IMTL VSAT IEX Licensee Name VAS ISL ISP IFL NFL NFWS IMTL VSAT IEX Revocation Mode
Date
Ascentech Technical Services 3 √ √ √ Atyaf Telecommunications & Infrastructure Bahrain W.L.L √ √ √ 06 Apr 2017 Voluntary

Al Gazal Telecommunications Co. W.L.L √ √ 02 Nov 2017 Article 35 Order

Bahrain Internet Exchange 2 √ √
Reliance Globalcom Limited - Branch Office (formerly Flag Telecom
√ 30 Nov 2017 Voluntary
Batelco 7 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Group Limited)

Bahrain Broadband Co. W.L.L √ √ √ √ 21 Dec 2017 Article 35 Order

BT Solutions Limited - Bahrain Branch 2 √ √
Northstar Technology Company W.L.L (revoked only one license - Voluntary (but, not to be
√ 21 Dec 2017
Equant Global Network - Foreign Branch (EGN BV) 1 √ hence an active licensee) treated as a revoked licensee)

Etisalcom Bahrain Company W.L.L 5 √ √ √ √ √ Annex B - Consultations issued in 2017

Gateway Gulf Company B.S.C (Closed) 5 √ √ √ √ √ Consultations
Golden Sands Electronics and Phone 1 √ Sl. No. Consultation Issue Date
1 Second Public Consultation - Consumer Protection Regulation 2 Feb 17
Gulf Electronic Tawasul Company 1 √
2 Public Consultation - QoS Regulation 23 Feb 17
IMC 1 √ 3 Extension to Consultation Period for the QOS Regulation 16 Mar 17
Infonas W.L.L 4 √ √ √ √
4 Public Consultation - Traffic Management and Pricing Practices Guidelines 23 Mar 17
5 Public Consultation - Privacy and Data Protection Regulation 29 Nov 17
Kalaam Telecom Bahrain B.S.C. (Closed) 4 √ √ √ √

MADA Communication Company S.P.C 2 √ √

Annex C - Regulations, Determinations and Position Papers issued in 2017
Mena Telecom W.L.L 6 √ √ √ √ √ √
Regulations, Determinations and Position Papers
Sl. No. Document Issue Date
Mobile Information Services 1 √
1 Decision No. 4 of 2017 - Complaint against Batelco under Article 72 of the Telecommunications Law 30 Mar 17
Mobitel Communication W.L.L 1 √ 2 Decision No. 5 of 2017 - Complaint against Zain under Article 72 of the Telecommunications Law 30 Mar 17
3 Resolution No. (5) of 2017 promulgating the Regulation on Critical Telecommunications Infrastructure Risk Management. 30 May 17
Moving Gulf Telecom W.L.L 2 √ √
Resolution No. (9) Of 2017 on the Approval and Importation of Telecommunications Equipment Connected To Public
4 31 Aug 17
North Star Technology Company W.L.L 3 √ √ √ Telecommunications Networks
Legislative Decree No. 38 of 2017 with respect to amending certain provisions of the Telecommunications Law Promulgated
Nuetel Communications S.P.C 5 √ √ √ √ √ 5 28 Sep 17
by Legislative Decree No. 48 of 2002
Orbit Data Systems Company W.L.L 4 √ √ √ √ 6 Decision No. 7 of 2017 - Acquisition of Mena Telecom by VIVA Bahrain 4 Oct 17
Rapid Telecom W.L.L 5 √ √ √ √ √
7 Position Paper on How TRA Consults 17 Oct 17
8 Schedule of Fees Regulation 31 Oct 17
SITA 2 √ √
9 Consumer Protection Regulation 4 Dec 17
ViaCloud W.L.L 4 √ √ √ √ 10 Traffic Management and Pricing Practices Guidelines 4 Dec 17
11 Position Paper on Regulating Fixed Point to Point Links (Public) 25 Dec 17
VIVA Bahrain B.S.C 6 √ √ √ √ √ √

"Vodafone Enterprise Bahrain W.L.L

(formerly Cable & Wireless Worldwide Bahrain W.L.L)» 1 √ Annex D - Orders issued in 2017
Zain Bahrain B.S.C 7 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ Orders
Sl. No. Order Issue Date
Zajil Information Technologies International W.L.L 3 √ √ √

Order No. 1 of 2017 - Bahrain Broadband’s breach of it’s obligations under Articles 18(a)(1), 18(a)(2), 18(a)(3), 53, 55 and 78 of
TOTAL 88 20 23 15 13 8 2 3 2 2 1 14 Sep 17
the Telecommunications law, Articles 2 and 4 of the Internet Safety Regulations of its License Terms

2017 68