(DI PA KASAMA UNG SA BOOK)
adrenal glands
COPING WITH STRESS
Stress and Health
Stress – physical, emotional, cognitive, and
behavioral responses to events that are appraised
as threatening or challenging
Stressors – stress-causing events
1.) Physical: pollution, congestion, noise,
fatigue, pain, shock
2.) Mental: acads overload, reviewing for exams
3.) Social, Emotional, and Psychological:
relating with other people, conflicts and
disappointments
4.) Economic: limited financial resources
5.) Spiritual: loss of joy and peace or
disturbance of tranquility
Types of Stress
a.) Distress – occurs when a person experiences
unpleasant stressors
b.) Eustress – results from positive events that
requires the body to adapt
- Optimal amount of stress that people
need to promote health and well-being
According to Duration
a.) Acute
b.) Chronic
Models of Stress
1.) Pebble Model of Stress – minor daily stresses
usually encountered
2.) Boulder Model of Stress – major stresses that
create a great impact on the person
Responses
1.) Physical: rapid pulse, increased perspiration,
shortness of breath, fatigue, sleeping
problems, chest pain
2.) Psychological: worry or anxiety, frustration,
irrational fears, panic, irritability, anger
3.) Behavioral: smoking and drinking, pacing,
crying, increased or decreased eating or
sleeping, striking out
➢ Chronic stress affects our immune system
because it activates the HPA Axis causing the
high amounts of cortisol secretion in the
➢ Hypothalamus secretes (CRH) Corticotropin
hormone
➢ Sustained high cortisol levels suppresses the
immune system
3 Types of External Events that can cause stress:
1.) Catastrophes – an unpredictable event that
happens on a large scale and creates
tremendous amounts of stress and feelings
of threat
2.) Major Life Changes – requires a person to
make adjustments and changes
3.) Hassles – little frustrations, delays, irritations,
minor disagreements, and smaller
aggravations
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN STRESS
1.) Pressure – when there are urgent demands
or expectations for a person’s behavior
coming from an outside force
- Occurs when people feel that they must
work harder or faster or do more
2.) Uncontrollability – degree of control a
person has over an event affects
3.) Frustration – occurs when people are
blocked or prevented from achieving a
desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need
a.) Internal frustrations: personal frustrations
Responses:
1.) Persistence – continuation of efforts to go
around whatever is causing the frustration
2.) Aggressive – action meant to harm or destroy
- Displaced Aggression – taking out one’s
frustrations on less threatening, more
available targets
3.) Escape/Withdrawal – can take the form of
leaving, dropping out, quitting a job, or
ending a relationship
4.) Conflict – finding yourself torn between two
or more competing and incompatible
desires, goals, or actions
a.) Approach-Approach: both choices
are favorable
 b.) Avoidance-Avoidance: both choices
are unpleasant
c.) Approach-Avoidance: both choices
have pros and cons
d.) Multiple Approach-Avoidance:
choosing among 2 or more goals
which have both desirable and
undesirable aspects
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
1.) Alarm: when the body first reacts to a
stressor, the sympathetic nervous system is
activated. The adrenal glands release
hormones which increase heart rate, blood
pressure, supply of blood sugar
2.) Resistance: the body settles into sympathetic
division activity, continuing to release stress
hormones that help the body fight off or
resist the stressor
3.) Exhaustion: this occurs when the body’s
resources are gone. When the stressor is
gone, the parasympathetic division activates
and the body attempts to replenish its
resources
Immune System and Stress
Immune system – system of cells, organs, and
chemicals in the body that responds to attacks on
the body from diseases and injuries
Psychoneuroimmunology – study of the effects of
psychological factors such as stress, emotions,
thinking, learning, and behavior on the immune
system
Vagus Nerve – the longest nerve that connects the
body and brain
Dehydroepiandrosterone – provides anti stress
benefits in animals, also aids humans in stress
toleration, regulating the effects of stress in the
hippocampus
Inflammatory Response – happens when the tissues
of the body are injured in some way. Damaged cells
release chemicals that cause blood vessels to leak
fluids into surrounding tissues which causes swelling
- Stress causes the chemical that normally
controls the inflammatory response,
cortisol, less effective. This increases the
likelihood of getting a cold when
exposed
Health Risks
1.) Heart Disease: Coronary Heart Disease –
buildup of waxy substance, plaque, in the
arteries of the heart
- Stress affects immune system chemicals,
cytokines, involved in the inflammatory
process
- Affects liver, it will not have the chance to
clear cholesterol and fat from the
bloodstream
2.) Diabetes:
a.) Type 1 – autoimmune disorder
associated with failure of the pancreas to
secrete enough insulin
b.) Type 2 – associated with excessive weight
gain and occurs when pancreas insulin
levels become less efficient as the body
size increases
3.) Cancer: cancer cells divide without stopping,
causing tumors that affect organ failure
✓ NK Cell (Natural Killer Cell) –
suppression of viruses and
destruction of tumor cells
- Stress has been known to depress these
cells, making it more difficult to fight
cancerous cells
- Stress affects the effect of medicine given
to treat cancer
Health Psychology – focuses on how our physical
activities, psychological traits, and social
relationships affect our overall health and rate of
illnesses
a.) Clinical Health Psychology: focused on using
the knowledge to help promote healthy
lifestyles, help people maintain their health,
and prevent or treat illnesses
b.) Behavioral Psychology: combines both
medicine and psychology
COGNITIVE FACTORS IN STRESS
1.) Lazarus’s cognitive appraisal approach
✓ Cognitive-mediational theory – the
way people think about and appraise
a stressor is a major factor in how
stressful that particular stressor
becomes
 a.) Primary Appraisal: estimating the
severity of the stressor and
classifying it as a threat
(something that could be harmful
in the future), a challenge
(something to be met and
defeated, or a loss that has
already occurred; think positive
because perceiving something as
a challenge can lead to good
outcomes
b.) Secondary Appraisal: estimating
the resources that they have
available for coping with the
stressor such as social support,
money, time, energy, ability
✓ Cognitive reappraisal approach –
rethinking about a certain stressor
helped shift the negative stress
arousal to more positive effects
PERSONALITY TYPES
1.) Type A – often workaholics. Very competitive,
ambitious, hate to waste time, easily
annoyed
- Feel constant sense of pressure and need
to do several things at once
- Easily get upset over small things
2.) Type B – not as driven, easygoing, slow to
anger, relaxed and at peace
3.) Type C – very pleasant and try to keep the
peace, but find it hard to express emotions,
especially negative ones
- Tend to internalize anger
- Often lonely
- Strongly associated with cancer
The Hardy Personality
✓ Deep sense of commitment to their
values, beliefs, sense of identity,
work, and family
✓ Feel like they’re in control of their
lives
✓ First appraisal is oftentimes a
challenge
Optimists – tend to look for positive outcomes
Pessimists – expects the worst to happen
Learned Helplessness – nasanay ka na sa lahat ng
problema, no matter what effort you exert, it won’t
do anything to solve it (puppy experiment)
Social and Cultural Factors in Stress
1.) Poverty – slack of sufficient money to provide
basic necessities of life
2.) Job Stress – workload, lack of variety or
meaningfulness in work, lack of control over
decisions, long hours, poor physical work
conditions, racism, sexism, lack of job
security
- Burnout: negative changes in thoughts,
emotions, and behavior as a result of
prolonged stress and frustration,
resulting in both mental and physical
exhaustion
How Culture Affects Stress
✓ Acculturation – process of adapting to a new
or different culture, often the dominant
culture
✓ Acculturative Stress – stress resulting from
acculturation such as prejudice and
discrimination
✓ Integration – one tries to maintain a sense of
the original cultural identity while also trying
to form a positive relationship with members
of the majority culture
✓ Assimilation – minority person gives up
cultural identity and completely adopts the
majority culture’s ways
✓ Separation – minority person rejects the
majority culture’s ways and tries to maintain
the original cultural identity
✓ Marginalized – neither maintaining contact
with their original culture nor joining the
majority culture
Homeopathy – treatment of disease by introducing
minute amounts of substances that would cause
disease in larger doses
COPING WITH STRESS
Coping Strategies – actions that people can take to
master, tolerate, or minimize the effects of stressors
 1.) Problem-Focused Coping: works on
eliminating the stressor itself
2.) Emotion-Focused Coping: focused on
dealing with emotions caused by the stressor
✓ Meditation – series of mental
exercises meant to refocus attention
and achieve a trancelike state of
consciousness
✓ Concentrative Meditation – goal is to
focus the mind on some repetitive or
unchanging stimulus
✓ Progressive Muscle Relaxation –
tensing then relaxing muscle groups
to help recognize the difference
between tense muscles and relaxed
ones
✓ Visualizations – using the
imagination to go to a calm place or
situation, using as many senses as
you can
3.) Social-Support System: asking help from a
network of friends, family members,
neighbors, coworkers, and others
How Culture and Religion Affects Coping – this
affects appraisal of events as more or less stressful,
the coping strategies adopted, and the support
systems that can offer assistance
Managing Stress
- Awareness
- Acceptance
- Responsibility
- Coping Skills
MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
Health – state of holistic well-being and not merely
absence of disease or infirmity
Mental Health – state of well-being in every
individual
a.) Realizes their own potential
b.) Can cope with day to day stresses in life
(displays reliance in the face of distress)
c.) Can work productively and fruitfully
d.) Able to contribute to their community
Characteristics of People w/ Good Mental Health
1.) At peace with themselves
2.) Able to manifest emotional control
3.) Able to cope adequately with life stresses
4.) Able to adjust to new or novel situations
5.) Have realistic life goals
6.) Knows their strengths and weaknesses
7.) Have adequate feelings or security
8.) Smooth interpersonal relationships
9.) Conforming to social norms and standards
10.) Able to satisfy their needs adequately
and appropriately
Mental Health Professionals – appropriately-trained
and qualified persons with specific skills relevant to
the provision of mental health services
Attitude on Mental Health
- Mental health is for the rich
- Seeking professional help brands you as
baliw
- Seeking professional help is a sign of
weakness
- Kaartehan lang yan, in my day, walang
ganyan
- Dasal na lang
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL OF MENTAL HEALTH
1.) Biological
✓ Brain dysfunction
✓ Neurotransmitter imbalance (low
serotonin = depression, high
norepinephrine = anxiety)
✓ High activity in amygdala
(depression, PTSD)
✓ Genes (Phenylketonuria – intellectual
disability, Huntington’s Disease –
changes in personality, cognitive,
and motor functioning)
2.) Psychological
✓ Frustration, conflict
✓ Psychological Deprivation – deprived
of love and affection may cause
anxiety and depression or behavioral
problems
✓ ANTs about self, world, future
✓ Reinforcement and classical
conditioning
✓ Learned Behavior (learned
helplessness, phobias)
Risk and Protective Factors
Risk Factors: alcohol, lack of education, poor
nutrition, poverty, racial injustice,
violence/delinquency, war, work stress,
unemployment
Diathesis Stress Model
Protective Factors – buffer against stress that reduce
the likelihood of disorders
a.) Internal – temperament, cognitive abilities
b.) External – social, economic, environmental
supports
1.) Resilience: ability to recover from a stressful
situation
- Buoyancy
- Bouncing back
Factors that affect well-being
1.) Age and Gender
2.) Genes – positive emotions are heritable
- Genetically determined set-point for
emotions
- 50% inherited
3.) Personality – optimism, extraversion, self-
esteem
4.) Circumstance – well-being is sensitive to life-
events (unemployment, marriage)
5.) Relationships – supportive relationships are
one of the strongest predictors of well-being
Mental Health Conditions – clinically-significant
disturbance in someone’s cognition, emotional
regulation, and behavior
- Neurologic and psychiatric condition
Psychology Student Syndrome/Medical Student’s
Syndrome – you tend to diagnose yourself
1.) Depression – feeling of low mood that lasts
for a long time and affects your everyday life
- Hopeless, despairing, guilty, worthless,
unmotivated, and exhausted
2.) Suicidal Ideation – suicidal thoughts and
feelings
- Unpleasant, intrusive, and frightening
3.) Self-Harm – expressing deep distress where
you cause yourself physical pain
- After self-harming, you may feel like
everything is somewhat ok, but the
distress does not go away that easy
4.) Panic Attacks – exaggeration of your body’s
normal response to fear, stress, or
excitement
- 5-20 mins
- Pounding heart, sweating, nausea,
feeling faint, shaking
5.) Anxiety – what we feel when worried, tense,
or afraid, particularly about things about to
happen
6.) Psychotic Experiences or Episodes –
interpreting events differently form people
around you
a.) Hallucination
b.) Delusion
7.) Sleep Problems
8.) Substance Abuse – Warning Signs
a.) Impaired Control: use for longer period
or larger amount than intended
b.) Social Impairment – continue to use
despite family problems, work problems
c.) Risky use – physically dangerous
situations but still use
d.) Pharmacological Indicators
9.) Internet Gaming Disorder - a pattern of
excessive and prolonged Internet gaming
that results in a cluster of cognitive and
behavioral symptoms, including progressive
loss of control over gaming, tolerance, and
withdrawal symptoms, analogous to the
symptoms of substance use disorders.
Can We Increase Happiness? health services, appropriating funds therefor, and
for other purposes

Possible Not Possible - Mental Health Act

Pursuing meaningful Genetically determined
goals point of happiness Symptoms of Mental Health Problems
Counting your blessings Set point remains the ✓ generally high rates of self-reported
most likely or expected symptoms of mental health problems in early
level of happiness
adolescence increase more steeply with age
Unwanted effects of Increasing happiness is
for girls, resulting in a marked female excess
genes could be avoided only temporary
by mid adolescence.
✓ girls are more willing to report symptoms of
Set Point Theory of Happiness mental health problems than boys.

✓ Sonja Lyubomrsky Association between perceived stress in

✓ Intentional Activities: adopting a positive adolescence, body weight, and romantic
attitude, being kind to others, striving for relationships
meaningful goals
✓ the adolescents with a partner and those
✓ Circumstance: age, marital status, income,
who wanted to lose weight were more likely
home, possession
to perceive themselves as stressed. Girls
✓ Actions = 40% Environment = 10% Genes
should receive special attention, as well as
= 50%
adolescents with partners and those who
✓ Not all activities will help someone be
want to lose body weight.
happier (one-size-fits-all intervention)
✓ female adolescents are believed to
✓ Vary the activities
experience stressful events in a more intense
✓ Consider cultural factors (collectivist vs.
manner
individualist)
✓ girls tend to be more concerned about their
✓ Don’t force happiness (intervention without
appearance and body weight and adopt
acceptance)
fewer attitudes to solve problems regarding
✓ You cant automatically buy long-term
physical shape than boys, which, with time,
happiness, instead try to appreciate what
may lead to the development of stress
you have
caused by body image dissatisfaction. As for
Mental Hygiene – science concerned with the health boys, when confronted by stressful situations,
of the mind they tend to look for distractions and to
reduce the severity of some conflicts more
ARTICLES:
often than girls, looking for more incisive
MHFA – Mental Health First Aid ways to solve unpredicted problems

- training, in combination with contact and EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

education interventions, is a
Emotions – psychophysiological experience that
standardized program developed to
involves physiological arousal, expressive behavior,
provide skills for how to recognize and
and conscious behavior
respond to individuals who display signs
of mental health problems - discrete response to external stimulus
and entails 5 components
RA No. 11036 – an act establishing a national
1.) subjective feelings
mental health policy for the purpose of enhancing
2.) psychological response
the delivery or integrated mental health services,
3.) motor expression
promoting and protecting the rights of persons
4.) action tendency
utilizing psychiatric, neurologic and psychosocial
5.) evaluation or appraisal
Mood – pervasive and sustained feeling tone

- emotions are shorter and more intense

Purpose of Emotions

Functions

1.) Preparing us for action – a link between

external events and behavioral responses
2.) Shaping our future behavior – acts as
reinforcement
3.) Helps us regulate social interaction – allows
observers to better understand us
4.) Affiliation function – forming and
maintaining relationships Emotional Hijacking
5.) Distancing function – establish and maintain
a social position relative to others and ✓ Individual’s cognition is hijacked by
preserve their self-esteem, identity, or power emotions
sometimes in the expense of others ✓ Amygdala takes over the cortex
✓ Signs: sudden strong emotions, “what was I
Basic Types of Emotions thinking?”
➢ Robert Plutchik’s psychoevolutionary theory THEORIES OF EMOTION
of emotion
1.) Anger 1.) Common Sense Theory
2.) Fear
3.) Disgust
4.) Sadness
5.) Surprise
6.) Anticipation
7.) Trust
8.) Joy
2.) Cannon Bard Theory
Components of Emotion ✓ I’m shaking and feeling afraid at the
same time
1.) Physiological (Biological)
2.) Behavioral
3.) Cognitive

1.) Physiological – state of physiological arousal

- Involves limbic system and autonomic
system
3.) James Lange Theory
- Limbic System: regulation of motivated
✓ I’m afraid because I am shaking
behaviors (fleeing, feeding, fighting,
sexual behavior)

Low Road – instinct, quick response

High Road – you start to process what happened

4.) 2 Factor Theory

 ✓ The snarling dog is dangerous and 1.) Linked with leadership effectiveness
that makes me afraid 2.) Empathy
✓ Schachter-Singer 3.) Related to general measure of intelligence

Low EQ = less likely to seek help from anyone

Self-Awareness

✓ Tune in one’s feelings

✓ Recognizing one’s emotions and its
effects on other people
✓ Accepting one’s feelings whether
2.) Behavioral positive or negative
✓ Emotional Expression – every
Self-Regulation
emotion finds a way to be expressed
✓ Facial Expression – communicates ✓ Controls disruptive impulses or negative
our emotions emotions
Facial Feedback Theory – that facial expressions Motivation
provide feedback to the brain concerning the
emotion being expressed, which in turn not only ✓ Can motivate themselves to work because
intensifies the emotion but also actually causes the they have a positive outlook in life
emotion ✓ Reframes negative thoughts

Ekman & Izard – 7 Universal Facial Expressions Empathy

- Joy, contempt, surprise, sadness, anger, ✓ Recognize and understand how others feel
disgust, fear ✓ Discern the needs and wants of other people

Macroexpressions – 0.5 – 4 seconds and involves Social Skills

whole face ✓ People skills
Microexpressions – 1/30 of a second ✓ Collaboration and cooperation
✓ Good team player
3.) Cognitive ✓ Can be learned
✓ Subjective Labelling – a person
decides what they feel Being Aware of our Emotions
- Depends on how one evaluates and ➢ Notice and accurately label feelings
appraises the events - Journal
- Primary and secondary appraisal - Emotion wheel
- Lazarus’s Cognitive & Mediation Theory - Situation
Factors: cultural differences, previous a.) Intake of substances
experiences, situational factor b.) Facial expressions
Emotional Intelligence – accurate awareness of and Managing Reactions
ability to manage one’s own emotions to facilitate
thinking and attain specific goals, and the ability to ✓ Knowing when and where to express yourself
understand what others feel ✓ Self-control to hold a reaction

- conceptualized as personality trait or Choosing your Mood

mental ability (Daniel Goleman) ✓ Try again instead of giving up
- Understand, express, relate well, ✓ Countering ANTs
successfully cope
Empathy
Benefits:
 ✓ Imagining how other people might feel
✓ Understanding why they might feel that way

Social Skills

Type Description
Passive Not expressing your
needs and feelings
Aggressive Threatening, sarcastic,
or humiliating manner
Assertive Feel in an honest and
respectful way

Type of Responses

➢ Consider situational factors

- Heat
- Room density
- Substance intake
➢ Consider cultural factors
- age
- sex

ARTICLES:

✓ These results show that domestic dogs can

obtain dog and human emotional
information from both auditory and visual
inputs, and integrate them into a coherent
perception of emotion
✓ that distinct emotions can be characterized in
three broad types depending on whether
they interact with emotions of the same and
opposite valence (connector emotions), of
the same valence only (provincial emotions),
or do not interact with other emotions (distal
emotions)
ATTRACTION
➢ Humans are social animals
➢ Humans need to feel autonomy and
competence to achieve a deep sense of well-
being
Ostracism – acts of excluding or ignoring
- Used to regulate social behavior
➢ Excluded people are more attentive to
smiling, accepting faces
➢ exclusion experience also triggers increased
mimicry of others’ behavior as a
nonconscious effort to build rapport

Attraction – feeling that makes people romantically

or sexually interested from one another

Factors of Attraction

1.) Proximity – geographical nearness breeds

liking
a.) Interaction: (functional distance): how
often people’s paths cross
- Likelihood of interaction – availability
 b.) Anticipation of Interaction: anticipating
interaction boosts liking
2.) Familiarity – (Mere Exposure Effect): the
tendency for novel stimuli to be liked more or
rated more positively after the rater has been
repeatedly exposed to them.
- Even exposure without awareness breeds
liking
3.) Physical Attractiveness – symmetrical faces
matter
✓ Men: prettier, younger
✓ Women: older, personality
✓ Matching Phenomena: the tendency
for men and women to choose as
partners those who are a “good
match” in attractiveness and other
traits
• people often approach and
invest more in pursuing
someone whose attractiveness
roughly matches (or not too
greatly exceeds) their own
✓ Physical-Attractiveness Stereotype:
the presumption that physically
attractive people possess other
socially desirable traits as well: What
is beautiful is good
➢ To be really attractive is to be perfectly
average
➢ Beauty signals biologically important
information: health, youth, and fertility.
4.) Similarity – likeness begets liking
✓ Complementarity: the popularly
supposed tendency, in a relationship
between two people, for each to
complete what is missing in the
other.
✓ Liking those who like us: discovering
that an appealing someone really
likes you seems to awaken romantic
feelings.
5.) Desirable Personality Attributes –
trustworthiness, personal/warmth,
competence
- What makes someone attractive will
eventually what will make them unattractive
Attribution – flattery will get you somewhere but not
everywhere
- If praise clearly violates what we know is
true—if someone says, “Your hair looks
great,” when we haven’t washed it in 3
days—we may lose respect for the flatterer
and wonder whether the compliment springs
from ulterior motives
- Ingratiation: the use of strategies, such as
flattery, by which people seek to gain
another’s favor.
Reward Theory of Attraction - the theory that we like
those whose behavior is rewarding to us or whom
we associate with rewarding events.
LOVE
➢ Union with somebody or something outside
of oneself under the condition of retaining
the separateness and integrity of one’s own
self
Basic Elements:
1.) Care
2.) Responsibility
3.) Respect
4.) Knowledge
Passionate Love - A state of intense longing for
union with another. Passionate lovers are absorbed
in each other, feel ecstatic at attaining their
partner’s love, and are disconsolate on losing it.
- what you feel when you not only love
someone but also are “in love” with them
Two-Factor Theory of Emotion - being aroused by
any source should intensify passionate feelings—
provided that the mind is free to attribute some of
the arousal to a romantic stimulus.
- Stanley Schachter & Jerome Singer
➢ Men are most likely to say I love you first
Triangular Theory of Love – Intimacy, Commitment, ✓ Childhood fantasy
Passion ✓ Eli Ginzberg (3 Stages) – first is fantasy

- Robert Sternberg 4 Factors in being satisfied with your work

1.) Friendship – only intimacy is present
1.) Engaging, meaningful work: sense of
2.) Infatuated Love – only passion is present
completion, work that you feel makes a
3.) Empty Love – only commitment is present
difference
4.) Romantic Love – most common stepping-
2.) Getting along with colleagues: meaningful
stone to married life
relationships with colleagues
- Commitment is missing
3.) Personal Fit: you’re good at it
5.) Companionate Love – passion is missing
4.) Hygienic Factors: reasonable work hours,
6.) Fatuous Love – intimacy is missing
good pay, security, short commute
- Love at first sight (Anna and Hans)
7.) Consummate Love – all three are present Bronfenbrenner
LOVE LANGUAGES – Gary Chapman ➢ Ecological Systems Theory
➢ Microsystem – individual’s immediate
1.) Quality Time – full, undivided attention
surroundings
2.) Acts of Service – serving out of love
➢ Mesosystem - direct connections between
3.) Words of Affirmation
immediate environments
4.) Physical Touch
➢ Exosystem - environments that only indirectly
5.) Receiving Gifts
affect the individual
Unacceptable Expressions of Attraction ➢ Macrosystem - larger cultural context
➢ Chronosystem - patterning of environmental
➢ Consent – never force anyone into doing
events and transitions over the course of life
anything
- Changes over time
➢ Frotteurism – grinding your private parts
against someone
➢ Catcalling – objectifying people
➢ Stalking – violation of privacy
➢ Sending Sexy Photos – to keep passion
going; debatable

CAREER DEVELOPMENT

Career – combination and series/sequence of roles

- Kind of lifestyle you’ll be leading

- Quality of relationships
- Balance in life

Career Development – ongoing process of

managing your life, learning, and work

- Developing skills and making informed

decisions

Job – specific position, specific duties

Occupation – general description of a group of jobs Value of the Theory

(Occupation: Mental Health Professional; Jobs: ➢ influenced many psychologists in terms of

Psychologist, Psychiatrist, Counselor) the manner of analyzing the person and the
effects of different environmental systems
Influence Factors in Career Choices that he encounters