Designation: D 4523 – 85 (Reapproved 1993)e1

Standard Terminology Relating to

Feather-Filled and Down-Filled Products1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4523; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

e1 NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in February 1993.

1. Scope is, barbs growing from the quill point but without a quill
1.1 This terminology covers special terms or special mean- shaft.
ings used in the feather and down-filled products industry. down, nestling, n—a down not fully developed with a sheath
1.2 This terminology applies only to feather and down-filled and with soft barbs emanating from the sheath.
products and their usage as defined herein. DISCUSSION—The barbs of nestling down are soft and fluffy, making
1.3 For the definitions of textile terms, refer to Terminology it a three-dimensional structure.
D 123.
down fibers, n—detached barbs from down; plumules and
2. Referenced Documents detached barbs from the basal end of waterfowl feather quill
shafts that are indistinguishable from the barbs of down.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
feather fiber, n—detached barbs of feathers which are not
D 123 Terminology Relating to Textiles2
D 1518 Test Method for Thermal Transmittance of Textile joined or attached to each other.
Material2 feathers, n—the outgrowth forming the contour and external
D 4522 Performance Specification for Feather-Filled and covering of fowl.
Down-Filled Products3 DISCUSSION—Feathers consist of a central shaft or quill composed of
D 4524 Test Method for Composition of Plumage3 a hollow part near the body and a distal solid part, the rachis, along each
2.2 Other Documents: side of which is a series of processes, the barbs. The barbs are provided
with a fringe of smaller processes, the barbules, which in turn may be
Federal Standard 148a-1964—Section 2, Classification and
equipped with barbicels, or hooklets, the whole composing the vane of
Definitions4 the feather. In this standard, the unqualified term “feathers” refers to
A.B.F.L.O.—Quantitative Determination of Feather and material that has not been processed in any manner except by washing,
Down in Plumage, 19835 dusting, chemical treatment, and sanitizing.
Federal Trade Commission—Guides for the Feather and
feathers, crushed, n—feathers and feather fiber resulting from
Down Products Industry, 19716
curling, crushing, or chopping feathers without removing the
3. Terminology quill.
feathers, damaged, n—feathers that have been broken, dam-
barb, n—in down, the primary structure of plumage emanating aged by insects, by mildew or rot, or otherwise materially
from a quill point of a down cluster. injured.
barb, n—in feathers, the primary structure of plumage ema- feathers, landfowl, n—See feathers, nonwaterfowl.
nating from the quill of a feather. feathers, nestling, n—immature feathers in which the barbs
cleanliness, n—for plumage, see oxygen number. are held together and covered by a sheath.
down, n—the fine, soft plumage of waterfowl, consisting of
light, fluffy filaments having at least two barbs attached; that DISCUSSION—Nestling feathers are two dimensional with stiff barbs
which have a brushy appearance.

1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-13 on
feathers, nonwaterfowl, n—feathers derived from chickens,
Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.61 on Apparel. turkeys, or other landfowl. (Syn. feathers, landfowl)
Current edition approved Sept. 27, 1985. Published November 1985.
2
feathers, quill, n—feathers which are over 100 mm (4 in.) in
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.01. length or which have a quill point exceeding 9.5 mm (6⁄16 in.)
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 07.02.
4
Available from the General Services Administration Business Service Center, in length.
Washington, DC 20407. feathers, waterfowl, n—feathers from ducks or geese, or both.
5
Available from Association of Bedding and Law Officials, Texas Dept. of filling material, n—for feathers or down, the contents of an
Health, 1100 W. 49th St., Austin, TX 78756.
6
Available from the Federal Trade Commission, 6th St. and Pennsylvania
industry product containing feathers or down of any kind or
Avenue N.W., Washington, DC 20580. type, with or without other natural or synthetic materials.

Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
 D 4523
industry products, n—for feathers or down, products such as
furniture, pillows, comforters, sleeping bags, and wearing
apparel which are wholly or partially filled with feathers or
down; bulk stocks of processed feathers or down intended
for use in the manufacture of such products.
oxygen number, n—for plumage, a measure of the degree of
cleanliness; the amount of oxidizable water soluble and fine
suspended matter present in a water extract.
DISCUSSION—The oxygen number of plumage is stated as grams of
oxygen per 100 kg of sample.
plumage, n—the outgrowth of fowl, consisting of feathers and
down (waterfowl) or feathers only (nonwaterfowl).
plumules, n—downy waterfowl plumage with underdeveloped
soft and flaccid quill with barbs indistinguishable from those
of down.
quill, n—in feathers, the stem or central shaft.
quill point, n—in feathers, the section of quill extending
beyond the section of barb attachment.
quill shaft, n—in feathers, the section of quill from which the
barbs emanate.
residue, n—for plumage, quill pith, quill fragments, trash, or
foreign matter.
second hand, filling material, n—an industry product which
contains any filling material which has previously been used
should not be offered for sale unless a clear and conspicuous
disclosure of that fact is made on the label thereof and in all
advertising and invoices relating to such product.
sheath, n—in feathers, a covering at the quill point end of
nestling feathers or nestling down which holds the barbs
together.
vane, n—in feathers, the section that consists of a solid, stiff
collection of barbs, as distinguished from the section near
the quill point that has soft, fluffy barbs.

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