1.

Distinguish static and stagnation pressure and temperature

quantities.
2. M* is more convenient to use than M. State the reason.
3. Sketch the Fanno line in T-S plane and explain the significance of
it.
4. Outline the limitations made in Rayleigh flow.
5. State the necessary conditions for a normal shock to occur in
compressible flow
6. Shock waves cannot develop in subsonic flow? State the reason.
7. Distinguish between air breathing engine and rocket engine.
8. Discuss about Ram effect.
9. Compare the merits and demerits of bipropellants with monopropellants.
10. Enumerate thrust for a rocket engine and how it is produced.

1. Derive the equation of pressure co - efficient for

compressible flow?

2. An air craft is flying at an altitude of 11000 meters, at 800

Km/hr. the air is reversibly compressed in an inlet diffuser
the inlet temperature is 216.65 K and pressure is 0.226
bar. If the Mach number at the exit of the diffuser is 0.35.
Calculate the following(i)Entry Mach number(ii)Velocity,
pressure and temperature of air at the diffuser exit.
3. A nozzle in a wind tunnel gives a test – section Mach
number of 2.0.Air enters the nozzle from a large reservoir
at 0.69 bars and 310 K .The cross – sectional area of the
throat is 1000cm². Determine the following quantities for
the tunnel for one dimensional isentropic flow
Pressures, temperature and velocities at the throat and test
sections,
Area of cross- sectional of the test section
Mass flow rate Power rate required to drive the
compressor
4. The Mach number at the exit of a combustion chamber is
0.9. The ratio of stagnation temperatures at exit and entry
is 3.74. If the pressure and temperature of the gas at exit is
2.5 bars and 10000C respectively determine (a) Mach
number, pressure and temperature of the gas at entry, (b)
the heat supplied per kg of the gas and (c) the maximum
heat that can be supplied. Take γ = 1.3, Cp= 1.218 KJ/Kg-
K.
5. Air is flowing into an insulated duct with a velocity of 150m/s.
The temperature and pressure at the inlet are 2800 C and 28bar
respectively. Find the temperature at a section in the duct
where the pressure is 15.7 bar. If the duct diameter is 15cm and
friction factor is 0.005, Find the distance between the two
sections
6. An converging diverging nozzle is operated at design
condition a normal shock occurs at a section where the cross
2
sectional area is 18.75 cm in the diverging portion at inlet
the nozzle the stagnation state is given as 0.21 Mpa and 36
 0 2 2
C.The throat are is 12.5cm and exit are is 25 cm Estimate
the exit mach number, exit pressure& loss in stagnation
pressure for flow through nozzle
7. An oblique shock wave at an angle of 330 occurs at the leading
edge of a symmetrical wedge. Air has a mach number of 2.1
upstream temperature of 300K and upstream pressure of 11
bar. Determine the following. (i) Down stream pressure, (ii)
Down stream temperature (iii) Wedge angle (iv) Down stream
Mach number
8. The flight speed of a turbojet is 800 km/h at 10,000 m
3
altitude. The density of air at that altitude is 0.17kg/m .
The drag for the plane is 6.8KN. The propulsive
efficiency of the jet is 60%. Calculate the SFC, air-fuel
ratio, jet velocity. Assume the calorific value of fuel is
45000 KJ/kg and overall efficiency of the turbojet plane is
18%
9. A turbojet aircraft flies at 875 km/hr. at an attitude of
10,000 m above mean sea level. Calculate (i) air flow rate
through the engine (ii) thrust (iii) specific thrust (iv)
specific impulse (v) thrust power and (vi) TSFC from the
following data: diameter of the air at inlet section = 0.75
m diameter of jet pipe at exit = 0.5 m velocity of the gases
at the exit of the jet pipe = 500 m/s pressure at the exit of
the jet pipe = 0.30 bar air to fuel ratio = 40.
10. (i)With neat sketch explain the construction and working of
solid propellant rocket engine
11. (ii)Explain the types of burning in Solid propellant rocket
engine.
2
12. A rocket nozzle has a throat area of 18cm and combustor
pressure of 25bar. If the specific impulse is 127.42sec and
the rate of flow of propellant is 44.145N/s, determine the
thrust coefficient, propellant weight flow coefficient,
specific propellant consumption and characteristic
velocity.
13. Explain the following(i)Working principle of By - pass engine

14. (ii)Advantages and Disadvantages of Turbo fan engine over

Turbojet and turbo fan engine
15. Starting from the energy equation for flow through a
normal shock obtain the following relations
Cx x Cy =a*²
Mx* x My* =1
1. What is the use of Mach number?
2. What are the different regions of compressible flow?
3. Give two practical examples where the Fanno flow occurs?
4. Give the assumptions made in Rayleigh flow?
5. Define “strength of a shock wave”.
6. Shock waves cannot develop in subsonic flow? State the reason.
7. How will you classify propulsive engines?
8. What is “thrust augmentation”?
9. What are the types of rocket engines?
10. Compare solid and liquid propellant rockets.
1 2 1 𝑎𝑜
1. Deduce 𝑎2 + 𝑐 = 𝑐2 = 2 = ℎ energy
𝛾−1 2 0
2 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝛾−1
equation stating the assumptions used.
2. Air (γ =1.4, R=287.43 J/Kg K) enters a straight axis
symmetric duct at 300 K, 3.45 bar and 150 m/s and leaves
it at 277 K, 500 cm². Assuming adiabatic flow determine:
Stagnation temperature, Maximum velocity, Mass flow rate,
and Area of cross-section at exit.
3. A supersonic diffuser, diffuses air in an isentropic flow
from a Mach number of 1.5, the static conditions of air at
inlet are 70 kPa and -70C. if the mass flow rate of air is
125kg/s, determine (i)Stagnation conditions (ii) Area at
throat and exit (iii)Static conditions of air at exit
4. The Mach number at the exit of a combustion chamber is
0.9. The ratio of stagnation temperatures at exit and entry
is 3.74. If the pressure and temperature of the gas at exit is
2.5 bars and 10000C respectively determine (a) Mach
number, pressure and temperature of the gas at entry, (b)
the heat supplied per kg of the gas and (c) the maximum
heat that can be supplied.
5. A circular duct passes 8.25Kg/s of air at an exit Mach
number of 0.5. The entry pressure and temperature are
3.45 bar and 38°C respectively and the coefficient of
friction 0.005. If the Mach number at entry is 0.15,
determine: (i) The diameter of the duct (ii) Length of the
duct (iii)Pressure and temperature at the exit
(iv)Stagnation pressure loss and v) Verify the exit Mach
number through exit velocity and temperature.
6. An air plane having a diffuser designed for subsonic flight
has a normal shock attached to the edge of the diffuser,
when the flight is flying at supersonic Mach number. The
diffuser exit mach no is 0.3. The inlet and exit area of the
diffuser are 0.29 m2, 0.44m2. What must be the flight
mach if isentropic diffuser is assumed behind the shock?
7. A jet of air at Mach number of 2.5 is deflected inwards at
the corner of a curved wall. The wave angle at the corner
is 60°. Determine the deflection angle of the wall,
pressure and temperature ratios and final Mach number.
8. An aircraft flies at 960kmph. One of its turbojet engines
takes in 40kg/s of air and expands the gases to the
ambient pressure. The air-fuel ratio is 50 and the lower
calorific value of the fuel is 43MJ/kg. For maximum
thrust power determine a) Jet velocity b)Thrust c) Specific
 thrust d)Thrust power e) Propulsive, thermal and overall
efficiency f) TSFC
9. A rocket has the following data:a) Propellant flow rate =
0.5 Kg/s b)Nozzle exit diameter = 10cm c)Nozzle exit
pressure = 1.02bar d)Ambient pressure = 1.013 bar e)
Thrust chamber pressure = 20 bar Thrust = 7 KN
Determine: Effective jet velocity, actual jet velocity,
specific impulse and specific propellant consumption.
Recalculate the value of thrust and specific impulse for an
altitude where ambient pressure is 10 mbar.
10. Explain the working of a turbo-pump feed system used in
a liquid propellant rocket and also give the properties of
Liquid propellants
11. A combustion chamber in a gas turbine plant receives as
at 350 K, 0.55 bar and 75 m/s. The air-fuel ratio is 29 and
the calorific value of the fuel is 41.8 kJ Kg, Taking γ=1.4,
R=0.287 KJ/Kg K for the gas, determine,(i)The initial and
final Mach numbers(ii)Final pressure, temperature and
velocity of the gas.(iii)Percent stagnation pressure loss in
the combustion chamber, and The maximum stagnation
temperature attainable.
12. Explain with a neat sketch the working, application and
limitations of the following jet engines Ram jet engine

13. Explain with a neat sketch the working, application and

limitations of the following jet engines By - pass engine
1. Define the meaning of stagnation state, stagnation pressures and stagnation temperatures.
2. What is the use of mach number and its uses?
3. What are the three equation governing Fanno flow?
4. Construct the Rayleigh line on the T-s plane and explain the significance of it.
5. Define oblique shock where it occurs.
6. Show a normal shock in h-s diagram with the help of Rayleigh line and Fanno line.
7. What is “thrust augmentation”?
8. Why a ram jet engine does not require a compressor and a turbine?
9. Classification of rocket engines?
10. List few advantages of liquid propellant rockets over solid propellant rockets.
1. An air jet (γ = 1.4, R = 287 J/kgk) at 400k has sonic velocity. Determine 1.
Velocity of sound at 400K, 2. Velocity of sound at the stagnation
conditions, 3. Maximum velocity of the jet, 4. Stagnation enthalpy and 5.
Crocco number
2. The Pressure, temperature and velocity of air at the entry of a diffuser are
0.7 bar, 345 K and 190 m/s respectively. The entry diameter of a diffuser is
15 cm and exit diameter is 35 cm. Determine the following. (1) Exit
pressure (2) Exit velocity (3) Force exerted on the diffuser walls. Assuming
isentropic flow and take γ = 1.4, Cp = 1005 J/kgk.
3. The Condition of a gas in combustion chamber at entry are T1 = 375 K,
P1= 0.050 bar, C1=70 m/s. The air–fuel ratio is 29 and the calorific value
of the fuel is 42 MJ/Kg. Calculate, i.) Initial and final mach number, ii.)
Final pressure, iii.) temperature, iv.) Velocity, v.) Gas Percentage
of stagnation pressure loss and vi.) Maximum stagnation temperature. Take
γ = 1.4 and R = 0.287 kJ/kg k.
4. Air at P1 = 3.4 bar, T1= 35 oC enters a circular duct a mach number of
0.14.The exit mach number is 0.6 and co-efficient of friction is 0.004.If the
mass flow rate is 8.2 kg/s. Determine 1. Pressure, temperature at the exit. 2.
Diameter of the duct. 3. Length of the duct. 4. Stagnation pressure loss. 5.
Verify the exit Mach number through exit velocity and temperature.
5. The ratio of the exit to entry area in a subsonic diffuser is 4.0 .The Mach
number of a jet of air approaching the diffuser at p0 =1.013 bar, T =290 K
is 2.2.There is a standing normal shock wave just outside the diffuser entry.
The flow in the diffuser is isentropic. Determine at the exit of the diffuser.
1.Mach number 2. Temperature 3.Pressure
6. 4. What is the stagnation pressure loss between the initial and final states?

7. An oblique shock wave at an angle of 33° occurs at the leading edge a

symmetrical wedge. Air has a Mach number of 2.1 upstream temperatures
of 300 K and upstream pressure of 11 bar. Determine the following, (i)
Downstream pressure, (ii) Downstream temperature (iii) Wedge angle, and
(iv) Downstream Mach number

i.) With neat sketch explain about Turbo prop engine.

8. ii.) Explain in detail about turbo fan engine.
9. An aircraft flies at 960kmph. One of its turbojet engines takes in 40kg/s of
air and expands the gases to the ambient pressure. The air-fuel ratio is 50
and the lower calorific value of the fuel is 43MJ/kg. For maximum thrust
power determine a) Jet velocity b)Thrust c) Specific thrust d)Thrust power
e) Propulsive, thermal and overall efficiency f) TSFC

10. Explain with a help of neat sketch the working of solid and liquid
propellant rocket engine.
11. A rocket nozzle has a throat area of 18cm2 and combustor pressure of
25bar. If the specific impulse is 127.42sec and the rate of flow of propellant
is 44.145N/s, determine 1.) The thrust coefficient, 2.) Propellant weight
flow coefficient, 3.) Specific propellant consumption and 4.) Characteristic
velocity.

12. A rocket flies at 10,000 kmph with an effective exhaust jet velocity of 1350
m/s and propellant flow rate of 4.8 kg/s. If the heat of reaction of the
propellant is 6600 kJ/kg of the propellant mixture determine, (1) the
propulsive efficiency and power, (2) engine output and thermal efficiency and
(3) Overall efficiency.
13. Develop an expression for the Mach number downstream of a normal shock in
terms of upstream Mach number.