Trisha Jam DC.

Cedeño
BAPR 4 - 2N

1. Politics (from Greek: πολιτικός politikos, definition "of, for, or relating to citizens") is the
practice and theory of influencing other people. Politics involves the making of a common
decision for a group of people, that is, a uniform decision applying in the same way to all
members of the group. It also involves the use of power by one person to affect the behavior of
another person. More narrowly, it refers to achieving and exercising positions of governance —
organized control over a human community, particularly a state. Furthermore, politics is the
study or practice of the distribution of power and resources within a given community (a usually
hierarchically organized population) as well as the interrelationship(s) between communities.

2. Easton was the first social scientist to study politics as its own system rather than as a
segment of a greater social system. He analyzed politics as an always-changing set of processes
that people use to change and control their environment.

Easton posited that in a stable political environment, when something changes socially or
physically, people either support the change or demand a return to the status quo. Competition
arises out of these differing opinions regarding the change. When a policy is established, it
interacts with the changing situation to produce further changes. The outcomes of the enactment
of the policy in turn produce more changes, which people in turn support or oppose. This new
level of support or opposition causes the political process to turn back to the beginning of the
cycle, which then repeats ad infinitum.

3. In social science and politics, power is the ability to influence or control the behavior of
people. The term "authority" is often used for power perceived as legitimate by the social
structure. Power can be seen as evil or unjust, but the exercise of power is accepted as endemic
to humans as social beings.

Speaking politically, power is the ability to assert one's will over others, forcing them to act in
accordance with it despite their own desires. Plain and simple, it's the ability to make people do
what you want them to do whether they like it or not. When speaking of power, social scientists
often assert that power is seldom obtained in a systematic way. It's also not usually obtained
through a legitimate process of voting. Instead, they usually add to the meaning by using the
term personal power, in which the source of power centers around the person and not the
position he holds. Due to this, power often carries a negative connotation.

4. Political influence is the ability of private individuals and groups to influence, condition,
shape, and thereby control the authoritative decisions and actions of those who possess the
formal-legal authority to take these decisions and actions. The individuals and groups exercising
political influence do not hold the relevant government offices and therefore do not possess the
formal-legal authority to make the official governmental decisions they seek to shape and
control; but they do have and exercise the ability to shape and control the decisionmaking
behavior of those officeholders in the government who do possess the formal-legal authority to
make the relevant decisions on public policy. Such individuals and groups exercise significant
influence over particular policy decisions made by particular government offices and institutions.
These individuals and groups have acquired and are exercising that form of political power
called "political influence." A private individual or organization possesses and exercises political
influence to the extent that its interests and demands have to be taken into account by the
government--or an office or institution of the government--when making and carrying out
decisions on public policy.

Political influence, in short, is the form of political power exercised by those who do not possess
the formal-legal authority to make and enforce particular governmental decisions on public
policy, but have and utilize the ability to condition, modify, and control the official
decisionmaking behavior of those in government office who do possess the authority to make
and implement the decisions.

5. Coercion /koʊˈɜrʃən/ is the practice of forcing another party to act in an involuntary manner
by use of intimidation or threats or some other form of pressure or force.

6. Unlike power, authority denotes the legitimate, socially approved use of power within
institutions. Very familiar to those of us in the West, our elected officials hold the authority to
govern our lands. This is referred to as rational authority, in which leaders are elevated by a
system of law. No, we may not like all of them, but they are the legitimate lawmakers and law
enforcers of a political organization
7. In political science, legitimacy is the popular acceptance of an authority, usually a governing
law or a régime. Whereas "authority" denotes a specific position in an established government,
the term "legitimacy" denotes a system of government — wherein "government" denotes "sphere
of influence".

8. A nation state is a geographical area that can be identified as deriving its political legitimacy
from serving as a sovereign nation. A state is a political and geopolitical entity, while a nation is
a cultural and ethnic one. The term "nation state" implies that the two coincide, but "nation state"
formation can take place at different times in different parts of the world.

9. A PERMANENT POPULATION

A state is an organization of human beings living together as a community. The population of a

state comprises all individuals who, in principle, inhabit the territory in a permanent way. It may
consist of nationals and foreigners. As has repeatedly been pointed out by doctrine, the
requirement of a population is not necessarily an equivalent of the requirement of nationality.
The population of a state need not be completely homogeneous in culture, language, race or
otherwise. Indeed, it is even rare, except for Micro-States, to find a State with a homogeneous
people. International law does not require a minimum number of inhabitants constituting a State.
The smallest number of nationals in a Micro-State can be found in Nauru and in Monaco. This
figure can be even lower if we take into account that theoretically Pitcairn with 52 inhabitants
has the right to opt for statehood by virtue of its right to self-determination. No reservations have
been made by the international community with respect to statehood because of the limited
number of nationals of Micro-States, even if the nationals were outnumbered by foreign
residents.

A DEFINED TERRITORY

The functions of a State, a political and legal community of human beings, must first of all be
exercised in a given territory.

Territory is a geographical area that is owned and controlled by a government or country to

exercise such state sovereignty.

Therefore, most of legal professors give and conclude the definition of the territory that territory
clearly comprises and refers to land territory which belongs to state and individuals, internal
waters and territorial sea (straits) which state claims for sovereignty, and the airspace above this
territory.
It is required that the State must consist of a certain coherent territory effectively governed and
the territory of a State need not be exactly fixed by definite frontiers.

"A defined geographical area" the existence of Micro-State with minimum land territory such as
Monaco (1.95 square kilometer), and the Vatican City (0.44 square kilometer) leads to the
conclusion that no minimum size is required for the territory, as this element was never a reason
for denying statehood.

GOVERNMENT

The government is the executive branch of the state and has the role to administer the state
uniformly in the following aspects: political, economic, social, cultural, use of natural resources,
environmental protection, national defense and security, and foreign affairs.

Form of state is defined depending on the constitution drafted, generally structure of state can be
divided into: unitary state and federal state, this probably affects the government in exercising
limit on its power.

SOVEREIGNTY

Sovereignty is the quality of having supreme, independent authority over a territory. It can be
found in a power to rule and make law that rests on a political fact for which no purely legal
explanation can be provided. The definition of "the Sovereignty" is quite similar to "the
Independence" and they mostly used along together.