Nutrition Final Review

83. Honey has what organism? – Clostridium Botulism

84. Best foods for premature infants?- Breast Milk
85. Dietary Recommendations for galactosemia?- Exclusion of anything containing
milk from any mammal. Nutritional supplements of calcium, vitamin D, and
riboflavin must be given so that the dies is nutritionally adequate (Pg 220)
86. Treatment for Anorexia nervosa? Development of a strong and trusting
relationship between the client and the health care professionals involved.
Nutritional therapy so the client will understand the need for both nutrients and
calories and how best to obtain them. Close supervision by a health care provider.
Individual and family counseling so the problem is understood by everyone. (pg
239)
5. Side effects of cocaine, tobacco, methamphetamines, marijuana (look at heart
rate,
BP, and resp. rate)- Insomnia, tachycardia
87. Caloric requirements increase at what age?- 19-24 years
88. The protein requirements of an 25 year old?- 46 grams/day
89. What causes one to be over weight?- Energy imbalance (Pg 276)
90. Dietary practice to prevent osteoporosis (foods rich in what minerals and
vitamins)-?
91. Define plaque?- Fatty deposits on artery walls
92. Overweight is 10-20% above average body weight.
93. American salt intake is 2-6 times what is needed each day.
94. What is a caliper and what measurement is considered overweight?- Caliper
measures skin folds, if its measured more than 1 1/2 inches. (pg 9)
95. Weight reduction diets, what is recommended according to your book? What is
recommended is a normal diet based on MyPyramid but with the healthy calorie
content controlled. (pg 278)
96. Behavior modifications to help you lose weight?- Weight reg, eat slowly, join
support group, take small portions, eat vegetables, include daily exercise. (pg 282)
97. What percentage of diabetes type 2 clients are overweight? 80% (pg 296)
98. American Heart Association recommended LDL, HDL, and Cholesterol? LDL
130mg/dl, HDL 60mg/dl, cholesterol mg/dl.
99. Know the following food preservatives sodium propronate, disodium phosphate,
sodium benzoate, sodium sulfite.
100.Define Angina Pectoris- and Ischemia. Agina- pain in the heart muscle due to
inadequate blood supply, Ischemia-reduced blood flow causing inadequate
nutrients and oxygen to, and wastes from tissues.
101.Define Peripheral Vascular Disease?- Narrowed arteries some distance from the
heart (Pg 320)
102.Know high cholesterol and low cholesterol foods- High cholesterol= Egg yolk,
fatty meats, shell fish, butter and cream, cheese, whole milk, and organ meats.
( pg87)
103.End products of protein metabolism? The end product is deamination.
104.Hemodialysis clients need how much protein per kg of body weight?- 1.0-1.2
 grams of protein (pg 339)
105.Milk is restricted in hemodialysis because of?- Potassium (pg 339)
106.Diarrhea can be controlled with a low residue diet. (pg 394)
107.Calcium needs what vitamin for absorption? Vitamin D (pg 141)
108.This vitamin is needed for blood clotting? Vitamin K (pg 122)
109.During and immediately post operative clients receive what type of nutrients?
Protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.
110.How much protein in grams is in a high protein diet daily? 0.8gram
111.What is a nasogastric tube, how do you check placement daily? Tube leading
from the nose to the stomach for tube feeding, check
112.Know your tube feeding types, polymeric formulas, elemental (aka hydrolyzed)
formulas, modular formulas? Polymeric (1-2 calories)clients who are able to
digest and absorb nutrients containing intact proteins,carbohydrates and fats that
require digestion. Elemental(1.0 calories ml) clients who have limited ability to
digest or absorb nutrients, modular (3.8-4.0 cal/ml)can be used as supplements to
other formulas or for developing customized formulas for certain clients with
extensive wound healings needs.
113.A decline in taste may cause high salt intake?
114.When someone chokes during a meal your first reaction should be to_______?
115.Do carbohydrates and fats build and repair body tissues or does protein do the job
alone?
116.Low nutrient density is? Can you name foods that are nutrient dense and foods
that are considered poor sources of nutrients. Provide an abundance of calories
nutrients are primarly carbohydrates and fats. Food are like potatoe chips, cakes,
soda and candy.
117.Obesity can be the results of a nutrient poor diet. Can atherosclerosis and
hypertension be caused by a low nutrient diet? Not it can not only obesity can
result in a low nutrient diet.
118.Is the most common form of deficiency in the United States Vitamin C
deficiency? Or is protein deficiency more common or is it possible that niacin or
iron are the leading deficiencies in the US. You tell me!
119.Serum usually refers to blood but what is another name for iron? Is albumin and
iron the same? How about creatinine is it iron?
120.Fat intake daily should be what % of daily calories? In an average diet of 2000
calories how many grams would that be?
121.NLEA was passed in 1990 when did Mandatory labeling begin, in what year?
1994
122.Seventh Day Adventist do not drink? Alcohol and Caffeine
123.Know your vegetarians, vegans, lacto-ovo, lacto-vegetarians. OMNI= all, can
someone who eats meat be a vegetarian?
124.An adult who wants to combat chronic disease should exercise? 30mins
everyday?
125.Know your digestive terminology, review pg 53, is the Duodenum the stomach?
What is the first part, idle, and last part of the stomach?
126.Name atleast five things synthesized from cholesterol? –Bile, Sex hormone,
Cortazone, and Vitamin D
127.How does one lower cholesterol without medications?- Diet, weight loss,
exercise
128.Where does fat digestion take place? How about carbohydrates and proteins,
where are they digested? Where is the primary place of digestion for each?
129.How do you increase HDL?- Exercise, maintain desirerable weight, give up
smoking (Pg91)
130.A natural emulsifier that helps transport fat in the blood stream.- Lecithin (pg 92)
131.Visible fats and invisible fats what are the food sources? (Pg 85)
132.What are some sources of saturates fats? Meat, poultry, egg yolks, whole milk,
whole milk cheeses, cream, ice cream, and butter.
133.What are three elements that are the building blocks of carbohydrates?- Oxygen,
hydrogen, carbon.- Carbon dates fossils (lol)
134.Daily protein for requirement for an adult is it, .8g/kg or 1g/kg or some other
number? 0.8
135.A blood thinner may make you bleed and this vitamin helps you to clot, is stored
in fat, and may decline with antibiotic use.- Vitamin K
136.Spores have a thick protective walls that allows them to survive in unfavorable
conditions.
137.At what age does a baby’s weight triple?- 1 Year and double?- 6 months (pg 206)
138.We do not feed cows milk to babies under 1 year because?- Protein is more
difficult and slower to digest.
139.Why don’t you feed a baby nuts?- choking hazard
140.The effects of untreated galactosemia are…? Diarrhea, vomiting, galactosuria
141.What is a nutritious snack for a 4 year old? Cheese, cheerios, unsweetened
cereals, milk, fruit.
142.What are benefits of estrogen replacement therapy?- Prevention of osteoporosis
143.Define pasteurize, homogenize, and fermentation? Fermentation where sugars
and starches chgs to alcohol, pasteurize- heat (as milk) so as to kill germ,
homogenize- make the particle (as milk) of uniform size and even distribution.
144.Define plaque?
145.Increased fiber may cause flatulence many doctors recommend increasing it
slowly and drinking water to help prevent it.
146.Fiber is good for diabetics because it?- reduces the amount of insulin needed,
lowers blood glucose
147.Clients with renal disease should meet energy requirements with? Carbs n fats.
148.What is the function of the kidney?- Excrete waste, maintain volume of body
fluids and secrete hormones (pg 334)
149.What is the cause of chronic esophagitis (the word chronic is important!)- Caused
by recurrent gastroesophageal reflux GER (pg 348)
150.What foods lower esophageal sphincter tone or cause it to relax?
151.Diverticulitis/diverticulosis diet know them know the difference. Diverticulitis
due to bacteria breed and inflammation and may result clear liquid diet followed
by a low-residue diet that allows bowel to rest, diverticulosis high fiber diet
152.Functions of the liver are…. Produces bile, detoxifies drugs
153.Hepatitis A, B, C are transmitted how? A-food, water, sewage. B-Fecal oral
route. C- Blood, body fluids, blood products
 154.Another name for a cancerous tumor is?- Malignant
155.The study of cancer is.- Oncology
156.Bacon causes cancer, or so they say.
157.Name three phytochemicals.- Flavonoids, phenols, indoles, fruits and vegetables
158.To prevent neural tube defects mothers need this B vitamin? Folic acid
159.The thyroid needs this mineral for normal functioning. Iodine
160.The major function of zinc? For growth, wound healing, taste acuity, glucose
tolerance, and mobilization of vitamin A within the bod.
161.This mineral along with calcium contributed to strong bones and teeth?-
Phosphorus
162.Believe or not poor wound healing and dwarfism may be caused by this mineral
deficiency? Zinc
163.Signs and symptoms of dehydration? Low BP, thirst, dry skin, fever, mental
disorientation.
164.Water is the universal solvent.
84. Electrolytes that balance intracellular and extracellular fluid?- Sodium, chloride,
potassium (pg 159-160)
85. The ph of blood?- 7.35-7.45
86. Bacteria found in milk?- Listeria
87. Dysentery is a disease caused by protozoa.
88. Define enterotoxin and neurotoxin?
89. Define catabolism, anabolism, and metabolism. (pg 59) Catabolism- the break
down of compound during metabolism, anabolism- the creation of new compound during
metabolism, metabolism- the
use of food by the body after digestion which results in energy.
90. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is determinded by what factors? Lean body mass,
body size, sex, age, heridity, physical condition, and climate.
91. Review the anatomy of the esophagus pg 53

92. Things that increase BMR- Fever, physical condition, pregnancy, heredity (Pg 60)
93. Define ketosis, protein malnutrition and know the order of fuel consumption
carbohydrates, fats and lastly protein.
94. Know the difference between glucagons and insulin. What hormone controls
glucose metabolism.
95. Define hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia?
96. High glucose in the blood is?- HYPERglycemia
97. What is dextrose and where might you find it?
98. The essential fatty acids are_______________ and ________________ because
the can not be synthesized and must be consumed in the diet.
99. Give three examples of the following fats, monounsaturated, saturated,
polyunsaturated, dehydrogenated.
100. By six months of age a baby’s weight can?- Double

Extra credit:
1. Define NPO- Nothing by mouth
2. Define PEM- Protein Energy Malnutrition
3. Intraosseous fluid administration is what type of nutrition?
4. How many calories from IV fluid daily is possible?
5. Name 3 common things institutionalized elderly may suffer from that may effect
nutrition and appetite-
6. Enternal nutrition is the provision of nutrients via an ostomy into the stomach or
jejunum. True or false?
7. An ileostomy has formed stool and a colostomy’s stool is liquid and contains
electrolytes. True or false?