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ERODE-638052
LAB MANUAL
Prepared by
Mr.S. Pandiarajan, Assistant Professor/Chemical
Verified by
HoD/Chemical
2. In case of injury (cut, burn, fire etc.) notify the instructor immediately.
4. In case of a serious cut, stop blood flow using direct pressure using a clean towel,
notify the lab instructor immediately.
b. Exit Doors
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
1. Students must attend the lab classes with ID cards and in the prescribed uniform.
2. Boys-shirts tucked in and wearing closed leather shoes. Girls’ students with cut shoes,
overcoat, and plait incite the coat. Girls’ students should not wear loose garments.
3. Students must check if the components, instruments and machinery are in working
condition before setting up the experiment.
4. Power supply to the experimental set up/ equipment/ machine must be switched on
only after the faculty checks and gives approval for doing the experiment. Students must
start doing the experiments only after getting permissions from the faculty.
5. Any damage to any of the equipment/instrument/machine caused due to carelessness,
the cost will be fully recovered from the individual (or) group of students.
6. Students must contact the lab in charge immediately for any unexpected incidents and
emergency.
7. The apparatus used for the experiments must be cleaned and returned to the
technicians, safely without any damage.
8. Make sure, while leaving the lab after the stipulated time, that all the power
connections are switched off.
9. EVALUATIONS:
All students should go through the pre-printed record and video lecture prior to
the lab class.
Students must be fully aware of the core competencies to be gained by doing
experiment/exercise/programs.
Students should complete the lab record work within the prescribed time. Delay
in submission will lead to reduction of Marks by 25%, 50% etc based on the time
delay.
The following aspects will be assessed during every exercise, in every lab class
and marks will be awarded accordingly:
Preparedness, conducting experiment, observation, calculation, results, record
presentation, basic understanding and answering for viva questions.
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
NOTE: 1
Preparation means coming to the lab classes with record note and must know the
step by step procedure to conduct the experiment by seeing video demonstration.
Observation and Result means taking correct readings in the proper order and
tabulating the readings in the tabular columns.
Viva voice means answering all the questions given in the manual pertaining to
the experiments.
Full Marks will be awarded if the students perform well in each case of the above
component
NOTE: 2
Incompletion or repeat of experiments means not getting the correct value of
the required parameters / dimension in first attempt. In such cases, it will be
marked as “IC” in the red ink in the status column of the Mark allocation table
given at the end of every experiment. The students are expected to repeat the
incomplete the experiment before coming to the next lab. Otherwise the Marks
for IC component will be reduced to zero.
NOTE: 3
Absenteeism due to genuine reasons will be considered for doing the missed
experiments.
In case of power failure, extra classes will be arranged for doing those
experiments only and assessment of all other components preparedness; viva
voice etc. will be completed in the regular class itself.
NOTE: 4
The end semester practical continuous assessment Marks will be based on the
average of all the experiments and model examination.
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Experiments on Conduction
Experiments on Convection
Determination of heat transfer coefficient of Forced convection
4
inside tube
Determination of Natural convection heat transfer coefficient
5
from a vertical cylinder
Experiments on Radiation
11 Packed column
Ex. Signature
Date Name of the Experiment Marks
No of Faculty
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Total Marks
Total Marks
6
Main Heater Ring Heater
Thermal
Temperature Reading 0C
Ammeter (volts)Voltmeter Ammeter Conductivity of
(amps) Reading (amps) W/mK
Reading Reading specimen
(k)
I V I T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
Voltmeter
S No (volts) Reading
Ex.No :
Date :
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY BY GUARDED PLATE APPARATUS
AIM:
To find the thermal conductivity of the given specimen by two slabs guarded hot
plate apparatus.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Ammeter
2. Voltmeter
3. Thermocouple
4. Temperature indicator
SPECIFICATIONS:
Thickness of the specimen plate = 0.006 m
Specimen diameter d = 0.140 m
Surface Area A = 0.0153 m2
FORMULA USED:
Heat transferred through the specimen
dT
Q kA
dX
Where,
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
Q dX
k , W/mK
A dT
9
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
PROCEDURE:
1 Connect the three pin plug to the 230V, 50Hz, 15A main supply and switch on the
unit.
2 Turn the regulator knob clockwise; set the heat input by fixing the voltmeter and
ammeter readings and note down the heat input Q in the table.
3 Adjust the regulator for guard heater so that the main heater temperature is less
than that of the guard heater temperature.
4 Allow water through the cold plate at a steady rate
5 Allow the unit to attain the steady state condition.
6 When the steady state condition is reached note down the temperature indicated in
the temperature indicators.
7 In the temperature indicator, the temperatures T1, T6 represents the cold plate
temperature, T2, T5 represents the main heater temperature T3, T4 represents the
guard heater temperature T7, T8 represents the water temperature. These values are
noted in the table.
8 Calculate the thermal conductivity of the given specimen by using the given
formula and note the value in the table.
9 Repeat the experiment from step 2 to step 8 by varying the heat input to the
system.
RESULT:
Thus the thermal conductivity of the given specimen was calculated for different
heat inputs.
10
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
4. Viva Voce 10
k2
Total 100
k1
Tavg
T9
T8
T6
T5
T4(Sawdust)
Tavg T7
(Asbestos)
Tavg
T3(Heater)
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
T2
Temperature at
T1
Ammeter Readings Q = VxIHeat input
Watts
Tabulation
A
Voltmeter Readings (Amps)
V
(Volts)
No`
S
Ex.No :
Date :
AIM:
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Ammeter
2. Voltmeter
3. Thermocouple
4. Temperature indicator
SPECIFICATIONS:
1. Location of thermocouple 1, 2, 3, at a radius = 25 mm
2. Location of thermocouple 4, 5, 6 on glass wool
3. Location of thermocouple 7, 8, 9, at a radius = 50 mm
4. Location of thermocouple 10, 11, 12 at a radius = 75 mm
5. Length of pipe = 500 mm
FORMULA USED:
k1 2L(T ) k 2 2L(T )
Q
Heat transfer rate, r2 r
ln( ) ln( 3 )
r1 r2
Where,
Q – Heat transfer rate, W
k – Thermal conductivity of insulating material W/mK
L – Length of the pipe = 0.5 m
ΔT– Temperature difference, K
r –radius
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the three pin plug to the 230 V, 50 Hz, 15 A main supply and switch on
the unit.
2. Turn the regulator knob clockwise, set the heat input by fixing the voltmeter and
ammeter readings and note down the heat input Q in the table.
3. Allow the unit to attain the steady state condition.
4. When the steady state condition is reached note down the temperature indicated
by the temperature indicators.
5. In the temperature indicator, the temperatures T1, T2, T3 represents the temperature
of the heater, T4, T5, T6 represents the temperature of the material 1 and T 7, T8
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
represents the temperature of the material 1 lagging by using the multipoint digital
temperature indicator. These values are noted in the table.
6. Calculate k1 and k2 by using the given formula and note the value in the table.
7. Repeat the experiment from step 2 to step 6 by varying the heat input to the
system.
8. Plot the graph between temperature and radius.
RESULT:
Thus the thermal conductivity of the given insulating material has been calculated
for different heat inputs.
15
Date
:
Ex.No :
Tabulation
(Amps)
Ambient
olts) ReadingVoltmeter ReadingAmmeter Q=VxIHeat input (˚C) Heater temperature (m)ReadingManometer
Temperature
%Efficiency
V A Watts T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 Tavg T8 h1 h2
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
AIM:
To determine the temperature distribution of a PIN-FIN for forced convection and
to find the FIN efficiency.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Ammeter
2. Voltmeter
3. Heater
4. Blower
5. Fin specimen
6. Thermocouple
7. Temperature indicator
SPECIFICATION:
Duct width B = 0.150m; Duct height W = 0.100m
Orifice diameter do = 0.020m; Orifice coefficient Cd = 0.6
Fin length L = 0.145m; Fin diameter df = 0.012m
FORMULA USED:
T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 o
1. Surface temperature Ts ,C
7
2. Ambient temperature, Tα = T8, ˚C
T T
3. Mean film temperature, T f s , ˚C
2
3
4. Volume flow rate, Q Cd . As 2 gha , m
sec
17
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
w
ha h1 h2
a
ρw– Density of water = 1000 kg/m3
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
Where, Pr = Prandtl number at mean film temperature (Tf)( HMT data book)
Nu.k
8. Heat transfer coefficient, h d , W/m2K
f
Where, m hP
kA
h = Heat transfer co-efficient, W/m2K
P = Perimeter = πdf = 0.0376 m
A = Surface area of the pin fin = πdfL = 5.27 x 10-3 m2
L = Length of the pin fin, m
k =Thermal conductivity at mean film temperature (Tf) (HMT data
book) W/mK
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
PROCEDURE:
1. Connect the three pin plug to the 230V, 50 Hz, 15 A main supply and switch on
the unit.
2. Turn the regulator knob clockwise, set the heat input by fixing the voltmeter and
ammeter readings and note down the heat input Q in the table.
3. Keep the thermocouple selectors switch in first position.
4. Allow the unit to attain the steady state condition.
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
RESULT:
Thus the temperature distribution is determined and the fin efficiency is tabulated
for different valve positions.
Viva Voce Questions:
1. What is fin?
2. Define efficiency.
3. How do you calculate effectiveness of the fin?
4. List out the Fin types.
5. Give examples of use of fins in various engineering applications.
21
Tabulation
(Amps)
2
ltmeter ReadingAmmeter Q=VxIHeat input (˚C) Heater temperature (˚C)Air Temp of Inlet (˚C)
Temp of AirOutlet (m)ReadingManometer (W/m K) h
22
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
Ex.No :
Date :
FORCED CONVECTION THROUGH INSIDE TUBE
AIM:
To determine the actual heat transfer and theoretical heat transfer coefficient using
forced convection.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Voltmeter
2. Ammeter
3. Thermocouple
4. Temperature indicator
5. Blower
6. Manometer
SPECIFICATION:
Diameter of the pipe, d1 – 0.04m
Diameter of the orifice, d2 – 0.02m
Length of the pipe, L – 0.5m
FORMULA USED:
1. Actual heat transfer co-efficient,
Q
hactual= , W/m2k
A T
Where,
Q - Heat input = V x I, Watts
A – Surface area of the pipe = πd1L = 0.062 m2
T Ts T
Ts – Wall temperature, ˚C
Tα – Air temperature, ˚C
T1 T2 T3 T4
Ts
4
T T6
T 5
2
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
24
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
Nu k
2. Theoretical heat transfer co-efficient, htheoritical , W/m2K
d1
Where, Nu – Nusselt number
h – Theoretical heat transfer co-efficient, W/m2K
d1 – Diameter of pipe, m
k –Thermal conductivity of air at mean film temperature (Tf) from HMT
data book, W/mK
w
(i) Air flow head, h0 h1 h2 1 , m
a
Where, h1, h2 = Manometer readings, m
ρw = Density of water = 1000 kg/m3
ρa = Density of air = 1.1465 kg/m3
Cd .a1 .a 2 . 2 gho
(ii) Volume flow of air, Qv 2
, m3/sec
a1 a 2
2
25
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
PROCEDURE:
26
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
1. Connect the three pin plug to the 230 V, 50 Hz, 15 A main supply and
switch on the unit.
2. Turn the regulator knob clockwise, set the heat input by fixing the
voltmeter and ammeter readings and note down the heat input Q in the table.
3. Keep on the temperature indicator switch in the first position
4. Allow the unit to attain the steady state condition.
5. When the steady state condition is reached note down the temperature
indicated by the temperature indicators
6. In the temperature indicator, T1, T2, T3& T4 represents the temperature
of the heater at different points. T5 represent the inlet in let temperature of the air
and T6 represents the outlet temperature of the air h 1&h2 are the manometer
reading. These values are noted in the table.
7. Calculate the theoretical heat transfer coefficient (h theoretical) and actual
heat transfer coefficient (hactual) for forced convection by using the given formulas.
8. Repeat the experiment from step3 to step7 by varying the heat input to
the system.
RESULT:
The theoretical and actual heat transfer coefficient has been calculated using
forced convection apparatus for various heat inputs.
27
Tabulation
Outlet
Voltmeter Ammeter Inlet Temp
Heat Temp of
Reading Reading VxI (˚C)Heater temperature of Air hTheoretical hActual
input Q= Air
(Volts) (Amps) (˚C)
S. No (˚C)
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
Ex.No :
Date :
NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER FROM A VERTICAL
CYLINDER
AIM:
To determine the actual heat transfer co-efficient and theoretical heat transfer
coefficient by natural convection.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Voltmeter
2. Ammeter
3. Thermocouple
4. Heater
5. Temperature indicator
SPECIFICATION:
Length of the rod, L = 0.50m
Diameter of the rod, D = 0.02m
Area of the rod, A = DL = 0.0314 m2
Thermal conductivity of air at mean film temperature, (Tf), K
FORMULA USED:
1. Theoretical heat transfer co-efficient (htheoretical)
For laminar flow,
Nu = hL /k = 0.59(Gr Pr) 0.25 for 104<Gr Pr<109
For turbulence flow,
Nu = hL /k = 0.10(Gr Pr) 0.33 for 109<Gr Pr<1012
Where,
Nu -Nusselt Number
h - Heat transfer coefficient, W/m2 K
k - Thermal conductivity of air, W/mK
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
g L3 T
Grashoff number, Gr
2
Where,
g – Acceleration due to gravity, 9.81m/s2
1
β – Co-efficient of thermal expansion, T 273
f
Tf
Ts T
2
T2 T3 T4 T5
Ts
4
T T6
T 1
2
Tf - Mean film temperature, oC
Ts- Surface temperature, ˚C
Tα - Air temperature, ˚C
L - Length = 0.5m
ΔT = Ts - Tα, K
ν – Kinematic Viscosity at mean film temperature (Tf) (HMT data book)
Pr – Prandtl number at mean film temperature (Tf) (HMT data book)
Where,
Q – Heat input = V x I, watts
` hact – Actual heat transfer co-efficient, W/m2K
A = Surface area of the heater = DL = 0.0314 m2
T = Ts - Tα
Where,
Ts = Surface temperature, ˚C
Tα = Air temperature, ˚C
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
PROCEDURE:
32
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
1. Connect the three pin plug to the 230 V, 50 Hz, 15 A main supply and switch on
the unit.
2. Turn the regulator knob clockwise, set the heat input by fixing the voltmeter and
ammeter readings and note down the heat input Q in the table.
3. Keep on the temperature indicator switch in the first position
4. Allow the unit to attain the steady state condition.
5. When the steady state condition is reached note down the temperature indicated
by the temperature indicators
6. In the temperature indicator, T2, T3, T4& T5 represents the temperature of the
heater at different points. T1 represent the inlet temperature of the air and T 6
represents the outlet temperature of the air. These values are noted in the table.
7. Calculate the theoretical heat transfer coefficient (h theoretical) and actual heat
transfer coefficient (h actual) by using the given formulas.
8. Repeat the experiment from step2 to step 7 by varying the heat input to the
system.
RESULT:
The theoretical and actual heat transfer coefficient has been calculated by using
natural convection apparatus for different heat inputs.
33
Tabulation
Ambient
Time o 2 4
(˚C)Hemisphere Temperature (˚C)Temperature of (Steady
C) state Temp of the (W/m
Stefann-
K )Boltzman constant,
(secs) disc
NoS. hemisphere
T1 T2 T3 T4 t T5 =Td σ
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
Ex.No :
Date :
DETERMINATION OF STEFAN-BOLTZMAN CONSTANT
AIM
To find out the Stefan-Boltzman constant using concentric hemisphere.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Voltmeter
2. Ammeter
3. Thermocouple
4. Heater
5. Temperature indicator
SPECIFICATION
Mass of the disc m= 0.008 kg; Diameter of the disc d =0.02m
Material of the disc = copper Specific heat Cp = 0.381 kJ/kgK
FORMULA USED
Radiation heat transfer
Q A Th4 Td4 ;
Q
A T Td4
4
h
Where,
- Stefean Boltzmann constant, W/m2K4; - Emissivity of the black body = 1
Q mC P T m - Mass of the disc, kg
Cp – Specific heat of copper = 0.381 kJ/kgK
T – dT/dt; dT – Change in temperature = Th- Td, ˚C
dt – Change in time, sec
2
A - Area of disc, = d =4.9 x 10-4 m2
4
Th - Average temperature of hemisphere, K
T1 T2 T3
Th
3
Td - Temperature of disc, K
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
PROCEDURE
36
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
1. Allow the water to flow through the heater unit and through the hemisphere
2. Remove the disc from the bottom of hemisphere.
3. Switch on the heater and allow the hemisphere to reach steady state temperature.
4. Note down the temperatures T1, T2, T3, T4, from the temperature indicator and also note the
steady state temperature of the disc T5 (Td). These values are noted in the table.
5. The average of T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 is hemisphere temperature.
6. Close the disc from the bottom of the hemisphere.
7. Allow the unit to attain steady state.
8. When the steady state is reached note down the temperature in the table.
9. Calculate the Stefan - Boltzmann constant by using the given formula.
10. Repeat the experiment from step 3 to step 9 by changing the heat input to the system.
RESULT
Thus the Stefan Boltzmann constant of the given concentric hemisphere is calculated for
different heat inputs.
37
Tabulation
(Amps)ReadingAmmeter Q=VIHeat input (˚C)Polished Body Temp (˚C)TempChamber (˚C)TempBlack Body Emissivity
38
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
(Volts)Voltmeter
Reading
V
NoS.
Ex.No :
Date :
DETERMINATION OF EMMISIVITY OF A GREY SURFACE
AIM
To measure the emissivity of the given test plate surface.
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Ammeter
2. Voltmeter
3. Heater
4. Test plate
5. Black body
6. Thermocouple
7. Temperature indicator
SPECIFICATION
Diameter of the test plate = 0.150 m
Diameter of the black plate = 0.150 m
FORMULA USED
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
Where,
Emissivity of black body, εB = 1
Average temperature of block body, TB = Tb (avg) +273, K
Average temperature of polished body, TP= Tp (avg) +273, K
Temperature of the chamber, TC= T4+273, K
40
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
PROCEDURE
1. Connect the three pin plug to the 230V, 50Hz, 15 A main supply and switch on the unit
2. Turn the regulator knob clockwise, set the heat input by fixing the voltmeter and ammeter
readings and note down the heat input Q in the table.
3. Keep the thermocouple selectors switch in first position.
4. Keep the toggle switch in position 1. By operating the energy regulator, power will be fed
back to black plate.
5. Now keep the toggle switch in position 2 and operate the regulator 2 and feed power to
the test surface.
6. Allow the unit to stabilize.
7. Make sure that the power inputs to the black and test surface are set at equal values.
8. Turn the thermocouple selector switch clockwise step by step and note down the
temperatures indicated by the temperature indicator.
9. In the temperature indicator the temperatures T1, T2, T3 represents the polished body
temperature, T5, T6, T7 represents the black body temperature and T4 represents the
chamber temperature. These values are noted in the table.
10. Calculate the emissivity by using the given formula.
11. Repeat the experiment from step 2 to step 10 by changing the heat input to the system.
RESULT:
The emissivity of the given polished plate was found out and it is tabulated for different
heat inputs.
1. State Radiation.
2. What is black body?
3. Explain is grey body?
4. State monochromatic emissive power. [Ebλ]
5. State Kirchhoff's law Continuous Assessment Marks
Max Allotted
S.No Components
Marks Marks
Preparation and Conduct
1. 50
of experiments
41
2. Observation & Result 30
3. Record 10
4. Viva Voce 10
Total 100
Tabulation
Condenser temp
T2Vapour temp T3Water inlet temp T4Water outlet temp (Volts)VVoltage (Amps)IAmpere
T5
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
T1Liquid temp
NoS.
Ex.No :
Date :
DETERMINATION OF HEAT FLUX IN BOILING AND CONDENSATION
HEAT TRANSFER
AIM
To measure the Determination of heat flux in boiling and condensation heat transfer
APPARATUS REQUIRED
1. Ammeter
2. Voltmeter
3. Heater
4. Thermocouple
5. Temperature indicator
SPECIFICATION
FORMULA USED
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
ΔT=T1~T2
44
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
PROCEDURE
1. Fill the sample holding sump with sample of about 100 ml(approx.) through the feed
valve provided on top of the column (ensure that the drain valve provided at the bottom is
closed) and close the feed valve after filling.
2. Ensure that the dimmer is OFF.
3. Measure the water flow using measure jar and stop watch.
4. Turn the dimmer clockwise and set the power to the healer at the minimum possible limit
by observing the volt and ammeter and note the readings.
5. Note down the temperatures indicated by the temperature indicator by turning the
thermocouple selector switch clockwise Step by step.
6. Increase the power input to the heater by lowest possible value record the readings.
7. Record the temperatures indicated at each step 1,2,3,4 and 5.
8. Repeat increasing of power input to the heater and recording the temperatures at an
interval of time till the sample starts boiling.
9. Tabulate all the readings and calculate.
RESULT:
The emissivity of the given polished plate was found out and it is tabulated for different
heat inputs.
1. What is boiling?
2. What is film boiling?
3. Explain is nucleate boiling?
4. What is condensation?
5. Write the assumptions in Nusselt theory of film condensation.
45
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
TABULATION:
Parallel Flow:
Hot water, Cold water,
(oC) (oC) Time taken Time taken Over all
Outle Outle for 1 lit. of for 1 lit. of heat transfer
S Inlet, Inlet, Effectiveness
t, t, hot water cold water coefficient
No Thi Tci ε
Tho Tco flow flow U
(sec) (sec) (W/m2K)
T1 T2 T3 T4
Counter Flow:
Hot water, Cold water,
(oC) (oC) Time taken Time taken Over all
Outle Outle for 1 lit. of for 1 lit. of heat transfer
S Inlet, Inlet, Effectiveness
t, t, hot water cold water coefficient
No Thi Tci ε
Tho Tco flow flow U
(sec) (sec) (W/m2K)
T1 T2 T4 T3
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17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
Ex.No :
Date :
EFFECTIVENESS OF PARALLEL AND COUNTER FLOW HEAT
EXCHANGER
AIM:
To find the overall heat transfer co-efficient and the effectiveness in parallel flow and
counter flow heat exchanger.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
1. Heat Exchanger Apparatus
2. Temperature indicator
3. Thermocouple
4. Stopwatch
5. Water heater
SPECIFICATION:
Inner copper tube
Inner diameter, d1 = 0.012m; Outer diameter, d2 = 0.015m
Outer GI tube
Inner diameter, d3 = 0.04m
FORMULA REQUIRED:
1. Overall heat transfer co-efficient,
47
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
Q
U , W/m2K
A.(LMTD )
Where,
Q mh .C ph Th i Th o
Q – Heat transfer rate, watts
mh – Mass of hot water, kg
48
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
49
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
Thi Th 0
Thi Tci
(ii) For counter flow,
Tc o Tc i
Th i Tc i
50
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
PROCEDURE:
1. The hot water from the heater flows through the inner pipe of the heat exchanger and
flows out.
2. The cold water flows through the annulus gap of the heat exchanger and flows out.
3. For parallel flow, the valves V2, V4 and V5 are opened.
4. Control the hot water flow approximately 2lit./min and cold water flow approximately 5
lit./min.
5. Switch ON the heater. Allow the temperature to reach steady state.
6. Note down the temperature T1 and T2 (hot water inlet and outlet temperature respectively)
in the table.
7. Under parallel flow condition T3 is the cold water inlet temperature and T4 is the cold
water outlet temperature.
8. Note the temperature T3 and T4 in the table.
9. Note the time taken for 1 litre flow of hot and cold water and calculate the mass flow rate
by using the given formula.
10. For counter flow, the valves V3, V1 and V5 are opened.
11. Repeat the experiment from step 4 to step 6.
12. Under counter flow condition T4 is the cold water inlet temperature, T 3 is the cold water
outlet temperature.
13. Note the temperatures T3 andT4 in the table.
14. Note the time taken for 1 litre flow of hot and cold water and calculate the mass flow rate
by using the given formula.
RESULT:
Thus the test on parallel and counter flow heat exchanger is conducted. The overall heat
transfer co-efficient and the effectiveness of the heat exchanger are determined.
Viva Voce Questions:
1. What is heat exchanger?
2. How heat exchangers are classified?
3. What is meant by LMTD?
4. What is meant by
Effectiveness of heat Continuous Assessment Marks
exchanger? Max Allotted
S.No Components
Marks Marks
Preparation and Conduct
1. 50
of experiments
51
2. Observation & Result 30
3. Record 10
4. Viva Voce 10
Total 100
17CHP06 – PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER LABORATORY
52