Geometric Dimension and Tolerancing For Body in White Sheet Metal

GD&T for Body
Course content
• Introduction to GD&T
• GD&T
• 5 Step Process
GD&T for Body Engineering 2

Introduction
• What is GD&T
• GD&T
• How it affects ABC Motor Company

What is GD&T
什么是 GD&T
• Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing is a technical data
base through which our Product Design and Manufacturing
Organisations can talk to one another via Product Data,
whether on paper or the computer graphics screen
It is the engineering product definition standard that
geometrically describes design intent and provides the
documentation base for the design of the quality and
production system.
It is a technique of communication between Product
Engineering and Manufacturing Engineering that promotes a
uniform interpretation of the requirements for making a
component.

What is GD&T
• GDT provides the dimensions of the

component and the tolerances in a language
that eliminates confusing and inconsistent
notes, datum lines, and location point
identifications, and replaces them with
standard symbols that refer to a universal
code.
• This code describes the dimensions and
tolerances of the component with reference
to the relationships of the features to each
other and their functional interfaces with
mating parts, assemblies, etc.

Authorisation
• In 1990 ABC World-wide adopted the American

National Standard for Dimensioning and
Tolerancing, currently the ASME Y14.5M 1994. The
authorisation for the above is documented in
Standard D-1 of the ABC Engineering CAD and
Drafting Standards and is referenced on all our
released data.
在 1990 福特全球范围内采用美国尺寸公差标准，目前的
ASME Y14.5M 1994 。
• This information can be accessed via ABC intranet;
http://www-wise.ABC.com/non-regulatory.html
• The above document also contains an electronic

copy of the ASME Y14.5M 1994 Dimensioning and
Tolerancing Standard.

Application
• The application of GDT is initially the responsibility
of the relevant Component Engineer, however
teamwork is the key to the correct application
through the component Core Team.
• This provides the opportunity for all disciplines to

contribute their part of the total design package.
• It ensures part data will satisfy design intent as

well as manufacturing and inspection
requirements based on function, machine
capability and available technology.

Application
• It provides the opportunity for proper
Datum selection and has the potential to
significantly reduce product changes,
especially those changes following final
product release.
• The Core Team should consist at a

minimum of representatives from
Product Engineering, Design
Engineering, Manufacturing Engineering,
and Quality Engineering.
More information
• ABC Engineering CAD and Drafting
Standards
http://www-wise.ABC.com/non-
regulatory.html
• GDT Application
http://www.cadmethods.ABC.com

How GD&T Relates to ABC
The correct application has the potential
to;
• Influence Fit and Finish
• Reduce Reworks
• Increase Reliability
• Affects Assembly Process
• Reduce cost
The 5 Step Process
1 2 3 4 5
5 Step Process
1Utilise the new Design Concept
2Establishment of the Datum Reference

Frame
3Establish GD&T Controls
4Establish Tolerances
5Final Approval of GD&T on Cad Data

Step 1
• Utilise new design concept

Utilise new design concept
• The 1st step involves making decisions
at the basic design stage that will
ultimately effect the design,
manufacture and verification of the final
component.
• This can only be successfully achieved

by the relevant PD representative
attending the Master Control Plan (MCP)
Meetings.
Master Control Plan
What is the purpose of the MCP meeting in
relation to PD
• To establish a common understanding for the
verification process of the major panels, e.g.
Bodyside, Hood, Deck Lid, Door, Roof, Underbody,
etc.
• To obtain agreement at an early stage of the design
for the datum reference frame, die approach, etc.
Who attends the Meeting

• PD and Manufacturing, i.e. Body Engineering, DCD,
Stamping, Body and Assembly.

Master Control Plan
When should the Meeting take place.
• Initial design concept stage, knowing the
components parameters such as size and
function
Current methods use;

• Past evidence, past experience, can sometimes
hinder rather than assist the new design concept
Result of meeting
• May be documented in CAD, or paper form

Step 2
• Establish Datum Reference
Frame

Establish Datum Reference
Frame
• As part of the Master Control Plan (MCP)
Process meeting, Body Engineering and
Manufacturing agreed to the definition of
the Datum Features and their location.
• PD have Ownership of the Datum

Features.

Datum Reference Frame
(Reference Pocket Guide, Page 8)
Consists of a set of three mutually

perpendicular planes
The reference frame exists

in theory only and is not on
the part
Sufficient datum features

are used to position the
part in relation to the
Datum Reference Frame.

Datum Features
• An actual feature of the part used to
stage/position the part in the equipment
for purposes of relating its geometry to
the Datum Reference Frame.

Primary Datum Plane
• Achieved by establishing a minimum of
three Points to define a plane

Primary Datum Plane
• Primary Datum Plane should be Parallel
to Die Plane

Primary Datum Plane
• When Datum Target Areas defining
Primary Datum Plane are not on one
single planar surface, they must be
controlled one to another using the
PROFILE of a SURFACE geometric control.

Supporting a panel only on the designated Datum Target
Areas, effectively removes 3 degrees of freedom, i.e. 1 Linear
and 2 Rotational.

Datum Target Areas
• Datum Target Areas should wherever
possible be planar and parallel to the die
plane.
Primary Datum Plane

Datum Target Areas
• Dedicated Datum Target Areas makes
both the part, and gauge/fixture more
robust, cost effective and Improves
repeatability

Secondary Datum Feature
• Generally a Datum Feature of Size is
used , i.e. Single circular Hole, positioned
on a surface that is parallel to the
Primary datum Plane, and is ultimately
used as a four way locator.

• Controlled relative to the Primary Datum
Plane using the Geometric control
PERPENDICULARITY.

• The intersection of the derived axis of
the feature perpendicular to the Primary
Datum Plane, and the design side of the
component is the local origin of all basic
dimensions; 0,0,0

Supporting a panel on the designated Datum Target Areas, and
using the four way locator removes another 2 Linear degrees
of freedom, resulting in all 3 Linear, and 2 Rotational degrees
of freedom constrained.

Tertiary Datum Feature
• Generally the width of a
Slotted Feature of Size
is used as a
two way
locator.

• To eliminate tolerance of Datum Shift on
one of the theoretical axis of the
cartesian coordinate system, the
orientation of the slot (length) should
point to the axis of the Secondary Datum
Feature.

• The slotted feature’s
width must be
positioned on a
surface with the slot
width axis parallel
to the primary
datum plane, and
controlled using the
geometric control of
POSITION and
nominated as the
Tertiary Datum
Feature.

Supporting a panel on the designated Datum Target Areas,
using the four way, and two way locators removes all six
degrees of freedom.

Step 3
• Establish GD&T Controls

Common Terms and
Definitions
• Reference Pocket Guide
• Page 2

Material Conditions
• MMC Maximum Material
Condition
• LMC Least Material Condition
• RFS Regardless of Feature Size
• Virtual Condition

Maximum Material M
Condition
• The condition in which a feature of size
contains the maximum amount of
material within the stated limits of size.
10.0 0
+1.0
• The Heaviest Part
• Minimum Hole Diameter (10.0)
• Maximum Shaft Diameter (11.0)

Least Material Condition L
• The condition in which a feature of size contains

the least amount of material within the stated
limits of size.
+1.0
10.0 0
• The Lightest part
• Maximum Hole Diameter (11.0)
• Minimum Shaft Diameter (10.0)
• To date no application in the Feature Control

Frame for this symbol has been identified in Body
Engineering.

Regardless of Feature Size
• There is no symbol for Regardless of Feature
Size. If a material modifier is not used then
Regardless of Feature Size is assumed.
• The term used to indicate that a geometric

tolerance or datum reference applies at any
increment of size of the feature within its size
tolerance
• Regardless of Feature Size is expensive to

verify, and rarely reflects the relevant feature
+1.0
10.0
function, and therefore should 0 not be used in a
Body application without the1.0agreement of the
entire core team.

Virtual Condition
• A constant Boundary generated by the
collective effects of a size feature’s specified
MMC or LMC material condition and the
geometric tolerance for that condition.
• The VIRTUAL CONDITION of features of mating

parts must be matched, guaranteeing
component features at their worst case for
assembly will always assemble.
• The Virtual condition envelope is the worst

condition offered to the mating part.

Virtual Condition (Shaft)
+1.0
10.0 - 0
1.0 M
Virtual condition (Shaft) =

MMC + Tolerance zone value
Virtual Condition =  12.0

MMC =11.0
LMC =10.0

Virtual Condition (Hole)
+1.0
10.0 - 0
1.0 M
Virtual condition (Hole) =

MMC - Tolerance zone value
Virtual Condition =  9.0

MMC = 10.0
LMC = 11.0

Geometric Controls
• Page 1

Feature Control Frame
(Reference Pocket Guide, page 3)
0.5 M A B M CM
Geometric characteristic symbols, the tolerance
value, Material Modifiers, and Datums of Reference,
where applicable, are combined in a feature control
frame to express a geometric tolerance.

Material Condition Symbol
Geometric
Where applicable
Characteristic
Symbol
Tolerance
0.5 M A B M CM
Tolerance Zone Datum Reference Letters

Shape where
applicable

Geometric Controls
• Each feature of the component must be
controlled for SIZE, FORM, ORIENTATION and
LOCATION.
• In the American National Standard there are
fourteen geometric controls.
• Body Engineering use just three;
1 PERPENDICULARITY
2 POSITION
3 PROFILE
PERPENDICULARITY
• Page 29

PERPENDICULARITY
• The main Application for PERPENDICULARITY
within Body Engineering is to control a single
Secondary Datum Feature of size (a hole) to
be perpendicular to the Primary Datum Plane.
• Generally used only once within each
component to define the secondary datum
feature.
• Any other use of this control
for other features would be an
additional requirement, because
PERPENDICULARITY does not
imply any location

PERPENDICULARITY
A cylindrical tolerance zone
+0.1 perpendicular to a datum plane
19.0 0 within which the axis of a feature
must lie.
0 M A
LMC
B
The
Cylindrical
Tolerance A
Zone diameter
is dependant
on the actual
feature size

POSITION
Page 33

POSITION
• Definition
• Position Tolerance Zones
• Zero at MMC Concept
• Boundary Concept
• Composite Tolerance Zones
• Projected Tolerance Zone

POSITION
• The term to describe
the perfect (theoretical
exact) location of
individual features in
relationship with a
datum reference or
other feature(s).
• In general the
POSITION control is
used to locate uniform
features of size, e.g.
holes, shafts, slots etc.

Verification
As with all Features of Size;
• First to be verified is that the top and bottom

limits of size have not been violated (Taylor’s
Principle). A full form check at the MMC and a
two pointed instrument check at the LMC.
• Secondly the feature’s “Position” must be

verified.
• GD&T does not dictate the method of

verification. The decision on the gauging
technique employed is the responsibility of the
core team.

Position Tolerance Zones

Positional Tolerance Zone 1
(Cylindrical)
To specify a Cylindrical Tolerance Zone,
a diameter sign must precede the
tolerance value, followed by the
material Modifier MMC unless
Regardless of Feature Size is intended.
+1.0
20.0 0
0.5 M
A cylindrical zone within which

the centre axis of a feature of
size is permitted to vary from its
true (theoretically exact) position.

Positional Tolerance Zone 2
(Non Cylindrical)
A zone within which the centre,
axis, of centre plane of a feature of
size is permitted to vary from its
true (theoretically exact) position.
The tolerance value is followed
by the material Modifier MMC
20.0 +2.0
0 unless Regardless of size is
0.5 M intended.
To specify a total width Tolerance

Zone, No diameter symbol
precedes the tolerance value.

BOUNDARY
Page 37

BOUNDARY
• In Body Engineering controlling the
centre plane of a slotted feature is rarely
a priority.

BOUNDARY
12.0 +2.0
0
As no Diameter
2.0 M
symbol precedes
the positional BOUNDARY
tolerance, a non
cylindrical zone is
inferred.
+1.0
5.0 0
What we are interested in is controlling the 1.0 M
BOUNDARY of the feature. BOUNDARY

BOUNDARY
12.0 MMC Width of Hole
- 2.0 Positional Tolerance
10
12.0 +2.0
0
10.0 Wide Boundary 2.0 M
BOUNDARY
5.0 MMC Width of Hole

+1.0
-1.0 Positional Tolerance 5.0 0
4.0 Wide Boundary Virtual Condition 1.0 M
BOUNDARY

BOUNDARY
No portion of the 12.0 +2.0
0
slot surfaces are
2.0 M
permitted to lie
within the area BOUNDARY
described by the
Virtual Condition
when the part is
positioned within
the Datum
+1.0
Reference Frame 5.0 0
The POSITION control + BOUNDARY 1.0 M
controls both Location and Orientation BOUNDARY

BOUNDARY
If the same 12.0 +2.0
0
Positional Tolerance 2.0 M
value applies to BOUNDARY
both the Length and
Width limits of size,
then the Feature
Control Frame is
separated from the
Limits of Size, and +1.0
points directly to the 5.0 0
slotted feature. 2.0 M
BOUNDARY

BOUNDARY
If the same 12.0 +2.0
0
Positional Tolerance
value applies to
both the Length and
Width limits of size,
then the Feature
Control Frame is
separated from the
Limits of Size, and +1.0
points directly to the 5.0 0
slotted feature. 2.0 M
BOUNDARY

BOUNDARY
To Summarise
• The BOUNDARY note only applies to non cylindrical
features.
• The POSITION control + BOUNDARY controls both
Location and Orientation
• In this case the word BOUNDARY must be added below
the FCF and the material Modifier MMC specified after
the POSITION tolerance value.
• No diameter symbol precedes the tolerance value in
the Feature Control Frame
• The positional tolerance specified for the length may
differ from that specified for the width.

Zero at MMC concept
• Page 44

Zero at MMC concept
• The Zero at MMC concept applies only to
features who’s sole function is
CLEARANCE

Example of current
specification
+1.5
10.0 0 Question?
1.0 M A B M C M
What is the smallest diameter hole
permissible?
Actual Mating Tolerance Virtual
Envelope Zone (Dia) Condition
M 10.0 1.0 9.0

10.3 1.3 9.0 Answer
10.5 1.5 9.0
10.8 1.8 9.0 10
11.2 2.2 9.0
L 11.5 2.5 9.0

Example of current
specification
+1.5
10.0 0 Question?
1.0 M A B M C M
If a feature of the part was
measured, and the hole was
Actual Mating Tolerance Virtual found to be Dia 9.6, would this
Envelope Zone (Dia) Condition part be reject?
M 10.0 1.0 9.0
10.3 1.3 9.0 Answer
10.5 1.5 9.0
Yes
10.8 1.8 9.0
11.2 2.2 9.0
L 11.5 2.5 9.0

Example of current
specification
+1.5
10.0 0 Question?
1.0 M A B M C M But, would the rejected part be
functional?
Answer
The part has been rejected because of feature size alone.
If the part meets the functional gauge requirements, we know the part
is functional.
Therefore it must have been manufactured to a tighter specification
than that stated on the data.
To make the part acceptable we would need to change the data
specification.

Example of current
specification
+1.5
10.0 0 Question?
1.0 M A B M C M
What needs to change?
Actual Mating Tolerance Virtual

M 10.0 1.0 9.0

10.3 1.3 9.0 Answer
10.5 1.5 9.0
The specification for the hole
10.8 1.8 9.0
needs to change, by adopting the
11.2 2.2 9.0 “Zero at MMC” concept
L 11.5 2.5 9.0

Zero at MMC concept
To comply with the “Zero at MMC” concept for clearance holes;
The Specified value of the Feature of Size is modified to equal
the Virtual Condition, i.e. (MMC-Positional Tolerance).
The geometric tolerance value is incorporated into the features
limits of size
+1.5 +2.5
10.0 0 9.0 0
1.0 M A B M C M 0 M A BM C M
Example:
A zero tolerance is specified in the Feature Control

Frame, and the material modifier MMC MUST follow
the zero tolerance value.

Zero at MMC concept
Actual Mating Tolerance Virtual +2.5
Envelope Zone (Dia) Condition 9.0 0
M 9.0 0 9.0 0 M A B C
9.3 0.3 9.0
9.5 0.5 9.0
The Zero at MMC concept gives
9.8 0.8 9.0
Manufacturing the FULL range of
10.0 1.0 9.0 tolerance available, and since the MMC
10.3 1.3 9.0 size is now equal to the VIRTUAL
CONDITION, no separate MMC feature
10.5 1.5 9.0 size verification is required. (Taylors
10.8 1.8 9.0 Principle)
11.2 2.2 9.0 The LMC feature size must still be
L 11.5 2.5 9.0 functionally derived and verified

Zero at MMC concept
VIRTUAL CONDITION & MMC
Actual Mating Tolerance Virtual +2.5
Envelope Zone (Dia) Condition 9.0 0
M 9.0 0 9.0 0 M
9.3 0.3 9.0
LMC FEATURE SIZE
9.5 0.5 9.0
9.8 0.8 9.0 The specified Feature of Size is
10.0 1.0 9.0 not the target size for
manufacturing.
10.3 1.3 9.0
The tolerance available is
10.5 1.5 9.0
dependant on the Feature of Size
10.8 1.8 9.0
The nearer the actual punch size
11.2 2.2 9.0 is to the LMC, the larger the
L 11.5 2.5 9.0 Tolerance of Position

Standard Punch Size
+2.5
Actual Mating Tolerance Virtual 9.0 0
0 M
M 9.0 0 9.0
9.3 0.3 9.0
9.5 0.5 9.0 Punch diameter will be LMC minus
0.1mm rounded up or down
9.8 0.8 9.0
10.0 1.0 9.0 Example
10.3 1.3 9.0 LMC -0.1mm Punch Dia.
10.5 1.5 9.0 15.27 15.17 15.2
10.8 1.8 9.0
12.76 12.66 12.7
11.2 2.2 9.0
11.5 11.4 11.4
L 11.5 2.5 9.0

Composite Positional
Tolerances
Page 45

Tolerances
(For groups of holes) +0.3
20.0 0
2.0 M A B M C M
0.5 M A
3 x FIX HOLES
The upper segment is referred to as the “Pattern Locating

Tolerance Zone Framework” (PLTZF)
The lower segment is referred to as the “Feature Relating

Tolerance Zone Framework” (FRTZF)

Tolerances
2.0 M A B M C M
0.5 M A
Actual Hole Pattern Locating Feature Relating

Tolerance Zone tolerance Zone

Tolerances
2.0 M A B M C M
0.5 M A

Tolerances
2.0 M A B M C M
The control requires that each actual
feature axis must lie within the specified
0.5 M A tolerance zones of both the upper and
lower segments simultaneously

Tolerances
M
The control requires that each actual
2.0 AB M C M
feature axis must lie within the specified
0.5 M A tolerance zones of both the upper and
lower segments simultaneously
25.0
25.0

Tolerances
Before specifying this control verify that;
• Its application is supported by the entire core

team.
• The control reflects the part feature

manufacturing process.
• It will be verified in full down stream.
• The added-on cost to the verification process

is justified by the required feature function.

Projected Tolerance Zone
Page 43

The projected tolerance
zone principle should
be applied to
assemblies that contain
mating parts of
substantial thickness
and are constrained
with fasteners such as
screws in tapped holes,
studs or dowel pins
(termed fixed
fasteners).

The PROJECTED Tolerance Zone is invoked by
using the P symbol in the Feature Control Frame
Followed by the dimension indicating the
minimum height of the tolerance zone
M12 x 1.75
0.5 M P 43.2 A B M CM
MINOR
43.2
DIRECTION OF PROJECTED ZONE

The Projected
Tolerance Zone
effectively transfers
the tolerance zone
from inside the tapped
hole/dowel hole out
into the space
occupied by the body
of the bolt/dowel pin
after assembly

PROFILE
Page 20

PROFILE
• Profile is the most versatile and probably
the most powerful of the geometric
Controls.

PROFILE
• The true profile is defined by the
theoretically exact CAD model (basic
dimensions).

PROFILE
Can be specified with or without a datum of reference
If the control has no datum of
reference then the tolerance
value applies to the features
true basic profile and no
orientation or location is
implied.
If the profile control is

referenced to the datum
features of the component
then the considered feature is
fully controlled for size, form,
orientation and location

PROFILE
• Profile is separated into two types of
controls
• Profile of a Line
• Profile of a Surface
• There are three methods of establishing

the tolerance zone
• Bilateral (Default unless otherwise stated)
• Unilateral
• Special Case

Profile of a Line
The Tolerance establishes a uniform
2.0 two-dimensional zone limited by two
parallel zone lines extending along
the length of the considered feature.
The Tolerance is applied

Normal/Perpendicular to the true
profile at all points along the profile.
The actual line element must lie

within the Specified Tolerance Zone.
2.0 (Bilateral)
Profile of a Surface
2.0
The Tolerance establishes a uniform
three-dimensional zone contained
between two envelope surfaces
separated by the specified
tolerance.
The zone extends along the length

and width, or circumference of the
considered surface.
The tolerance is applied normal to

the true basic profile of the
considered surface.
2.0

Unilateral Tolerance
2.0
TOL. APPLIES IN DIRECTION LMC
HOLE HOLE
2.0
2.0
BASIC PROFILE TOL. APPLIES IN DIRECTION MMC

2.0
TOL. APPLIES IN MATERIAL DIRECTION
Tolerance Zone
MATERIAL DIRECTION

2.0
TOL. APPLIES IN OPPOSITE MATERIAL DIRECTION
MATERIAL DIRECTION
Tolerance Zone

Special Case
2.0
TOL. SPLIT:1.5 IN DIRECTION MMC
HOLE
BASIC PROFILE

Special Case
2.0
TOL. SPLIT:0.8 IN MATERIAL DIRECTION
0.8 Tolerance Zone
MATERIAL DIRECTION
1.2 Tolerance Zone

Element Lines
If, as a result of the relevant surface function it is necessary to
control the surface form with a tighter tolerance than the
tolerance of SIZE, FORM, ORIENTATION and LOCATION, then
the following method is recommended

Element Lines
This Represents two separate controls;
The upper FCF is the PROFILE

of the Surface, for SIZE, FORM, 2.0 A B M C M
ORIENTATION and LOCATION 0.5
controls
The Lower FCF is the ELEMENT Lines of the surface FORM

control. No LOCATION or ORIENTATION is implied (No Datums
of Reference)

Element Lines
2.0 A B M C M Actual Surface must lie
within Tolerance
True Basic Profile
Boundary
PROFILE of a Surface 3D
tolerance Boundary for SIZE,
FORM, ORIENTATION and 2.0
LOCATION

Element Lines
Actual Element Line of the
2.0 A B M C M Surface must lie within
both tolerance boundaries
0.5
PROFILE of a Line 2D
Tolerance Boundary located and
oriented anywhere within the 3D 0.5
Tolerance boundary

Element Lines
Actual Element Line of the
2.0 A B M C M Surface must lie within
both tolerance boundaries
0.5
PROFILE of a Line 2D
Tolerance Boundary located and
oriented anywhere within the 3D 0.5
Tolerance boundary

Element Lines
To summarise
• Both profile controls contain an infinite number
of points to be verified.
• The core team should agree the number of

points and their location to ensure consistency
and repeatability in the verification process.
• This information is documented on the Control

Plan.
• More information can be found in the CAD

Methods web site, under the title
Significant/Critical Characteristics

Step 4
• Establishing Tolerances

Establishing Tolerances
• Tolerances should be derived based on the
following;
• Function
• Cost
• Manufacturing Process
• From agreed generic tolerance data (see Cad

Methods)
• Do Not “pick tolerances out of the air”, without

documented data with which to supports your
decision.
• Do not copy tolerances blindly from previous data

Diametral Features
• Clearance Holes
• Holes with specific
function

Clearance
Holes Tolerance of feature size should be
derived from the generic tolerance
specification, unless otherwise
required, and stated on the 3D model
20.0 +2.5
0
0 M A B M CM
Zero at MMC
concept applies

Holes with specific
function Feature Size and Tolerance of
Feature Size to be functionally
derived and stated on the 3D
model
20.0 +?0
2.0 M A B M C M
The tolerance of POSITION should
be derived from generic tolerance
specification unless otherwise
required

Slotted Features
• Clearance Slots
• Slots with specific function

Clearance Tolerance of feature width and
length should be derived from the
generic tolerance specification,
unless otherwise required, and
stated on the 3D model
Zero at MMC concept applies

20.0 +2.5
0
0 M A B M CM
BOUNDARY
The word BOUNDARY must be added under
the Feature Control Frame

Slots with specific function
Feature size and tolerance of feature The tolerance of
size to be functional derived and POSITION should be
stated on the 3D model derived from generic
tolerance specification
unless otherwise required.
20.0 +?0
2.0 M A B M C M
BOUNDARY
The word BOUNDARY
must be added under
the Feature Control
Frame
Step 5
• Final Approval of GD&T on the
CAD Data

Final Approval of GD&T on
the CAD Data
• Verification required from the core team
for Steps One to Four.
• The goal of this process should be to

prevent any changes associated with
incorrectly specified PMI after engineering
release.
• This process allows input and participation

from all activities affected by the data.
Thank you for your
attention

Geometric Dimension and Tolerancing For Body in White Sheet Metal

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GD&T for Body

GD&T for Body Engineering 2

GD&T for Body Engineering 3

GD&T for Body Engineering 4

• GDT provides the dimensions of the

GD&T for Body Engineering 5

• In 1990 ABC World-wide adopted the American

• The above document also contains an electronic

GD&T for Body Engineering 6

• This provides the opportunity for all disciplines to

• It ensures part data will satisfy design intent as

GD&T for Body Engineering 7

• The Core Team should consist at a

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2Establishment of the Datum Reference

3Establish GD&T Controls

5Final Approval of GD&T on Cad Data

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• This can only be successfully achieved

Who attends the Meeting

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Current methods use;

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• PD have Ownership of the Datum

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Consists of a set of three mutually

The reference frame exists

Sufficient datum features

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Primary Datum Plane

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• The Heaviest Part

• Minimum Hole Diameter (10.0)

• Maximum Shaft Diameter (11.0)

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• The condition in which a feature of size contains

• Maximum Hole Diameter (11.0)

• Minimum Shaft Diameter (10.0)

• To date no application in the Feature Control

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• The term used to indicate that a geometric

• Regardless of Feature Size is expensive to

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• The VIRTUAL CONDITION of features of mating

• The Virtual condition envelope is the worst