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Solution 4.1(a)
2
= .
s + 16
2
Solution 4.1(b)
ii1 -t y y
À H cosh 2 HtL L = À j
j
j j
j
j 2 H Lz
z z
z
z
z
2
kk { {
ãt
- ã
i ã2 t ã-2 t y
=Àj
j + + z
j z
z
1
k 4 2 4 {
1 1 1 1 1 1
= × + × + ×
4 s - 2 2 s 4 s + 2
s2 - 2
s Hs2 - 4L
=
.
Solution 4.1(c)
1 i y
= j
j z
z
z
2 j
s-a s+a
k Hs Hs {
-
2
- aL + a 2 + aL2 + a2
a s2 - 2 a3
=
.
s4 + 4 a4
Solution 4.1(d)
s = A Hs + 5L + B Hs + 3L
Hs + 3L Hs + 5L Hs + 3L Hs + 5L
s A B
= +
3 5
A = - , B = .
2 2
Hence
Hs + 3L Hs + 5L Hs + 3L Hs + 5L
s 3 1 5 1
= - × + ×
2 2
=Ài
j - ã-3 t z
j y+Ài
z j y.
j ã-5 t z
z
3 5
k 2 { k 2 {
i y
À-1 j
j z
z = - ã-3 t + ã-5 t .
k Hs + 3L Hs + 5L
s 3 5
{
2 2
Solution 4.2(b)
Bs+C
s Hs + k L
1 A
= +
2 2 s s2 + k2
1 = A Hs2 + k2 L + HB s + CL s
1 = A s2 + A k2 + B s2 + C s
1 = HA + BL s2 + C s + A k2
Equating coefficients of
s2 : A+B=0
s1 : C=0
1
s0 : A =
k2
1
Using the first equation we see that B = -
k2 , and hence
s Hs + k L Hs + k2 L
1 1 1 1 s
= × - ×
2 2 k 2 s k 2 2
1 i1 y
= j z
j - z
Hs + k2 L {
s
k ks
2 2
i y
À-1 j z
j z = H1 - cos Hk tLL.
k s Hs + k L {
1 1
2 2 k2
Solution 4.2(c)
Hs + 3L2
1
To find the inverse Laplace transform of , note that from the table of
1
Laplace transforms, the Laplace transform of t is s 2 , and so if we apply the
Hs + 3L2
shift theorem, the Laplace transform of ã -3 t t must be 1
. Hence
i
j y
À-1 j z
j z
z=tã
1
k Hs + 3L {
-3 t
.
2
Solution 4.3
y ’’ + y = t, y H0L = 0, y ’ H0L = 2;
y HsL - 2 +
y HsL =
1
s2
s2
y HsL +
y HsL = + 2
1
s2
s2
Hs2 + 1L
y HsL = + 2
1
s2
y HsL =
s2 H s2 + 1L H s2 + 1L
1 2
+
.
s H s + 1L H s + 1L
1 A B
= +
2 2 s 2 2
Using the cover−up method (first set s=0 and then s2 =−1) we find that A = 1,
B = -1. Hence
y ’’ + 2 y ’ + y = 3 t e- t , y H0L = 4, y ’ H0L = 2;
y HsL - 4 s - 2 + 2 Hs
y HsL - 4L +
y HsL = 3
1
s2
Hs + 1L2
y HsL + 2 s
y HsL +
y HsL = 3
1
s2
Hs + 1L2
+ 10 + 4 s
Hs2 + 2 s + 1L
y HsL = 3
1
Hs + 1L2
+ 10 + 4 s
Hs + 1L2
y HsL = 3
1
Hs + 1L2
+ 10 + 4 s
y HsL = 3
1 10 + 4 s
Hs + 1L Hs + 1L2
+
.
4
10 + 4 s 4s+4+6 4 Hs + 1L + 6
Hs
4 6
Hs + 1L Hs + 1L Hs + 1L Hs + 1L2
=
=
= +
2 2 2 + 1L
Hence
y HsL = 3
Hs
1 1 1
Hs + 1L Hs + 1L2
+ 4 + 6
4 + 1L
Solution 4.5
y HsL - 3 s + 2 + 16
y HsL = 32
1
s2
s2
Hs2 + 16L
y HsL = - 2 + 3 s
32
s2
y HsL =
s2 Hs2 + 16L Hs2 + 16L Hs2 + 16 L
32 2 3s
-
+
s2 Hs2 +16L
32
Note that we used partial fractions to split the term
.
Solution 4.6
y ’’ - 3 y ’ + 2 y = 4, y H0L = 1, y ’ H0L = 0;
À Hy ’’ - 3 y ’ + 2 yL = À H4L
y HsL - s - 0 - 3 Hs
y HsL - 1L + 2
y HsL =
4
s2
s
Hs2 - 3 s + 2L
y HsL = + s - 3
4
s
Hs - 1L Hs - 2L
y HsL = + s - 3
4
s
y HsL =
s-3
s Hs - 1L Hs - 2L Hs - 1L Hs - 2L
4
+
.
s Hs - 1L Hs - 2L Hs - 1L Hs - 2L
4 A B C
= + +
s
4 = A Hs - 1L Hs - 2L + B s Hs - 2L + C s Hs - 1L.
A = 2, B = -4, C = 2.
Also using partial fractions, set
s-3
Hs - 1L Hs - 2L Hs - 1L Hs - 2L
D E
= +
s - 3 = D Hs - 2L + E Hs - 1L.
D = 2, E = -1.
Hence
y HtL = 2 - 2 ãt + ã2 t .
Solution 4.7
À Hy ’’ + 4 y ’ + 4 yL = À H6 ã-2 t L
y HsL + 2 s - 8 + 4 Hs
y HsL + 2L + 4
y HsL =
6
s2
s+2
Hs2 + 4 s + 4L
y HsL = - 2 s
6
s+2
Hs + 2L2
y HsL = - 2 s
6
s+2
y HsL =
6 2s
Hs + 2L Hs + 2L2
-
3
2 Hs + 2L - 4
y HsL =
6
Hs + 2L Hs + 2L2
-
3
i 2 y
- j
y HsL = j
j z
z
z
6 4
Hs + 2L3 k Hs {
-
s + 2 + 2L 2
y HsL =
6 2 4
Hs + 2L Hs + 2L2
- +
3 s+2
Solution 4.8
y HsL - 0 - 3 + 4 Hs
s2 y HsL - 0L + 5
y HsL = ã-4 Π s
Hs2 + 4 s + 5L
y HsL = ã-4 Π s + 3
y HsL =
ã-4 Π s 3
+
s +4s+5
2 s +4s+5
2
y HsL =
ã-4 Π s 3
Hs + 2L + 1 Hs + 2L2 + 1
+
2
i y
y HsL = ã-4 Π s j
j z
j z
z + 3 ×
1 1
k Hs + 2L + 1 { Hs + 2L2 + 1
2
y HsL = ã-4 Π s
g HsL + 3 ×
g HsL
where
g HsL =
= À Hã-2 t sin HtLL
1
Hs + 2L2 + 1
and
Hence
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
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