[Developed by the White Cloud Taoist Monks in ancient China, Chi Nei Tsang is a holistic

approach to the healing touch modality. It integrates the physical, mental, emotional and
spiritual aspects of our being. CNT goes to the very origin of health problems, including
psychosomatic and emotional responses. It effectively addresses chronic conditions including
digestive problems, headaches, chronic fatigue, menstrual cramps, sciatica, uterine fibroids,
infertility, insomnia, depression- the list goes on and on…

Tuina (pronounced 'twee-nah') is a form of Chinese therapeutic massage. 'Tui' meaning to push
and 'Na' to grasp.
Tuina massage offers a wide range of benefits, both physiological as well as psychological,
increasing well-being and the feeling of euphoria. Tuina speeds up the bodies ability to heal it
self. Tuina massage can be used for a variety of purposes, from general massage to sports
injuries. It can be used to treat a variety of ailments:

Role of the pineal gland in immunity: II. Melatonin enhances the antibody response via an
opiatergic mechanism.
Maestroni GJ, et al. Clin Exp Immunol. 1987.
Show full citation
Abstract
The pineal gland constitutes a major neuroendocrine organ in the brain. It transduces
exogenous signals such as circadian and seasonal variations of light and temperature into
proper hormonal changes which adjust and adapt internal endocrine functions. These pineal
activities seem to be exerted via circadian synthesis and release of the indoleamine melatonin,
a neurohormone secreted by the pineal itself. Alteration of circadian rhythms have been
associated with affective disorders, psychosomatic diseases, cancer and many other
pathologies. We have reported that functional and pharmacologic inhibition of melatonin
synthesis results in depressed immune functions in vivo and that exogenous, evening
administration of melatonin enhances antibody formation via an antigen-activated process and
also antagonizes the immunosuppressive effects of corticosterone. We communicate here
findings demonstrating that (a) three different inbred strains of mice possess a clear-cut cycle of
melatonin levels in serum, (b) that melatonin administered in the evening enhances primary
antibody response (IgM and IgG immunoglobulins) in vivo according to a dose-response
behaviour and that (c) the opioid receptors blocker naltrexone antagonizes the
immunostimulatory effect of melatonin. These findings point to a fundamental immunoregulatory
role of circadian melatonin and to an activity of the neurohormone via opioid peptides.

Melatonin: a master hormone and a candidate for universal panacea.

Review article
Kumar V. Indian J Exp Biol. 1996.
Show full citation
Abstract
The molecule of melatonin seems to have been evolutionarily conserved. Its presence has been
demonstrated in almost all groups of organisms, from plants, protozoa to people. During
evolution, melatonin is claimed to have mediated dark adaptation. The universal presence of
melatonin may be because it is lipophilic in nature which enables it to cross all biological (lipid
membrane) barriers and to diffuse into every compartment of the cell, and because it serves as
an antioxidant and is used as a free radical scavenger. In vertebrates, the pineal gland is the
single largest source of melatonin production although, especially in non-mammalian
vertebrates, other organs (e.g. retina, harderian gland etc.) may contribute significantly to the
blood melatonin levels. In invertebrates, on the other hand, the pineal gland is absent and,
therefore, melatonin secretion is clearly derived from another source(s). Regardless of the site
of synthesis and the nature of organisms (diurnal, nocturnal or crepuscular), melatonin is
secreted in the night and melatonin biosynthetic pathway remains essentially the same.
Tryptophan, an amino acid derived from dietary sources, undergoes a series of enzymatic
reactions to produce melatonin. The rhythm in melatonin secretion is generated endogenously
by the circadian pacemaker(s) in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), and regulated by
environmental light:dark cycle. Melatonin through its action on the SCN synchronizes disrupted
or free-running circadian rhythms, and regulates a variety of daily and seasonal changes in the
physiology and behaviour of animals. Emerging scientific evidence for the role of melatonin as
therapeutic agent in the treatment of circadian rhythm-associated sleep disorders in persons
having normal social working hours and shift workers, in jet lag, in immunological functions etc.
have considerably increased interest in this hormone molecule. The role of melatonin in
organisms physiology has now been widely recognized, and the wealth of information
accumulated in the past two decades indicate it to be the best hormone candidate to be
investigated for a universal panacea.

What is Aromatherapy?
Aromatherapy, also referred to as Essential Oil therapy, can be defined as the art and science
of utilizing naturally extracted aromatic essences from plants to balance, harmonize and
promote the health of body, mind and spirit. It seeks to unify physiological, psychological and
spiritual processes to enhance an individual’s innate healing process.

It was the French perfumer and chemist, Rene- Maurice Gattefosse, who coined the term
“aromatherapie” in 1937 with his publication of a book by that name. His book “Gattefosse’s
Aromatherapy” contains early clinical findings for utilizing essential oils for a range of
physiological ailments. It seems vital to understand what Gattefosse’s intention for coining the
word was, as he clearly meant to distinguish the medicinal application of essential oils from their
perfumery applications.

So we can interpret his coining of the word “Aromatherapie” to mean the therapeutic application
or the medicinal use of aromatic substances (essential oils) for holistic healing. As the practice
of aromatherapy has progressed, over the years, it has adopted a more holistic approach
encompassing the whole body, mind and spirit (energy).
Swedish massage

Definition
Swedish massage is the most popular type of massage in the United States. It involves the use
of hands, forearms or elbows to manipulate the superficial layers of the muscles to improve
mental and physical health.

Stone massage

Definition
Stone massage is a form of bodywork that involves the application of heated or cooled stones
(thermotherapy) to the body during deep tissue massage.

What is a facial?
A facial treatment works together to improve the appearance of your skin. Since skin types are
not all the same, the procedures and products used in a facial may differ. A facial treatment is
usually tailored to the needs of the client, but all facials have a basic routine that most skin care
professionals use.
The massage used in a facial treatment encourages blood flow and brings nourishing blood to
the skin’s cells. Facial treatments are relaxing, as well as therapeutic. Machines are used to
treat skin, but this spa service can be performed manually.

What is Reflexology?

Reflexology is a non-intrusive complementary health therapy, based on the theory that different
points on the feet, lower leg, hands, face or ears correspond with different areas of the body.
Reflexologists work holistically with their clients and aim to work alongside allopathic healthcare
to promote better health for their clients.

What is Indian head onsite massage?

indian head massage is a traditional massage therapy that has its own unique techniques; it
involves an application of massage to the shoulders, arms, neck, head and face. The treatment
is performed with the client fully clothed and seated in a chair.

What is deep tissue massage?

Deep tissue massage involves manipulation of the deep layers of tissue in the body, including
the fascia and other supportive tissue that make up the muscles and joints.
What is Sports Massage?

Sports massage is a form of massage involving the manipulation of soft tissue to benefit a
person engaged in regular physical activity. Soft tissue is connective tissue that has not
hardened into bone and cartilage; it includes skin, muscles, tendons, ligaments and fascia (a
form of connective tissue that lines and ensheathes the other soft tissues).

Shiatsu Massage is an alternative technique that involves manual pressure applied to specific
points on the body in an attempt to relieve tension and pain. According to the Japanese healing
treatment, Shiatsu (meaning finger pressure) massage uses thumbs, fingers, elbows, and knees
to concentrate pressure at certain energy pathways in the body called meridians.

History of massage therapy

A Form of Massage Emerges in India

Started practicing massage in approximately 3,000 BCE*, possibly earlier
Believed to be of divine origin and passed down orally through generations, Ayurveda is the
traditional holistic medical system in India.

It has been discovered that Chinese Amma techniques were practiced as far back as 3000 B.C.
The Chinese medical community continue to improve upon these techniques, referred to as
"Amma", and consider the use of massage an integral part of the Chinese health system.

The Japanese began to practice massage around 6 A.D. The points of the body which were
massaged were basically the same as the Chinese, but they believed the points effected the Qi
(life force energy) and stimulation of fluid circulation. The stimulation of nerves using finger
pressure, or shiatsu, also became a part of the practice and history of massage therapy around
this time.

Arabic countries, with the spread of Islam, also regarded the proper use of diet, exercise and
massage to be the key elements in a long, healthy life. Writings of medical practices, as far back
as 800 A.D., have many references to it's history of massage therapy how massage was use to
treat disease and improve health.

By 1500, after centuries of disregard for health and wellbeing, the invention of the printing press
made writings about the positive effects of massage on the human body and other health
related articles more visible to the average population.

In 1894, there was dark time in the history of massage therapy. A special British Medical
Association report revealed abuse in the education and practice of massage. It showed that
many schools offered unethical recruiting and training methods for students. After being very
widely publicized throughout Europe and beyond, the article brought any advancements in the
massage therapy profession to an abrupt stop.

Modern massage techniques have evolved mainly from a system developed by a Swedish
physiologist Per Henrik Ling (1776-1839). He developed a system of manipulations of friction,
kneading, stroking, cupping and clapping into his exercise system.

However, in the early 1940's Dr. Emil Vodder developed a method of massage to treat chronic
lymphedema, Dr. Vodder's Manual Lymph Drainage. He, along with Elizabeth Dicke, a German
woman who created Bindegewebsmassage, or Connective Tissue Therapy, and Dr. James H
Cyriax an orthopedic physician, who created Deep Transverse Friction Massage, helped to
restore the popularity of manual bodywork and the benefits of massage were again being
recognized in the medical profession.

Over the next few decades, but especially during the 1990's, with increased interest in physical
and mental health, and along with the increased cost for modern medical care, studies and
awareness of the benefits of massage therapy were again on a significant rise.
3000 BC- Chinese: Cong-Fu of the Toa-Tse. Oldest known book written about massage.
Translated to French in 1700’s.

2760- Nei Ching describes therapeutic touch

2500 BC – Egyptians created reflexology.

2000 BC- First Writings about Massage

1800 BC- Ayurvedic. Art of Life book that included massage techniques. In India, the focus was
on sensual massage aspects. Ayur-Veda is a code of life and it deals with rebirth, renunciation,
salvation, soul, purpose of life, maintenance of mental health, prevention and treatment of
diseases.

1600 B.C.- in Egypt the first record of chemotherapy being employed as a treatment for cancer

1555 BC- A medical papyri contains remedies for all types of illnesses and the methods of
application are similar to the ones used in Aromatherapy and Herbal medicine today.

1000 BC- Homer wrote about an oily medium used for massage

776 BC- Olympic Games. Athletes massaged prior to their events.

604-531 BC - The founder of Taoism is believed to be Lao-Tse

500 BC- Herodicus- prescribed gymnastics to heal. Considered to be the founder of medical
Gymnastics.

460-380 BC- Hippocrates was taught by Herodicus. Used Friction to treat sprains and
dislocations (called anatripsis-Greek for friction). Thought that disease resulted from natural
causes and the body has the power to heal itself. Wrote code of ethics that became the
Hippocratic Oath. Hippocrates said: hard rubbing binds…much rubbing causes parts to
waste…and moderate rubbing makes them grow.

200 BC- Greek physician Galen used natural magnets to relieve pain in treating many illnesses.

200 BC- The Huangdi Nei Jing (Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic) is the earliest surviving
canonical text of traditional Chinese medicine. Anmo is referred to in 30 different chapters of the
Nei Jing.

100-44 BC- Romans. Julius Caesar used Massage therapy to relieve his neuralgia and
epileptic seizures. Was thought to have been “Pinched” every day.

130 AD- 201 AD - Galen. Originally from Greece. Physician for the school of gladiators who
were rubbed before fighting. Wrote book on manual medicine.

90 BC – Chinese created acupuncture.

25 BC- 50 AD- Aulus Cornelius Celsius. Roman Physician. Wrote De Medicina (8 textbooks
with a lot of information on massage).

100’s AD – First schools of massage were developed in china

228 AD-337 AD- The Roman Emperor Constantine condemned the baths and gymnasiums as
he thought they added to the abuse of sex.

589 AD-617 AD- Sui Dynasty already had knowledge of Massage used as therapy.

600’s – Japanese developed shiatsu (finger pressure or acupressure), anma is massage in

Japanese.

980 AD-1037 AD- Avicenna, Persian medic, wrote the Canon of Medicine during the crusades.
May have been the first used the process known as distillation to distill essence of rose,
although it probably took many years to perfect the process

1300-1368- Guy deChauliac wrote a book on surgery mentioning bodywork as an adjunct to

surgery.
1368-1644 In the Ming Dynasty, pediatric massage (which, for the first time, was referred to as
"tuina") evolved into a highly systematic treatment modality which is still popular today.

1517-1590- Ambroise Pare, French barber surgeon, raised awareness of the use of massage

1569- Girolamo Mercuriale wrote the first sports medicine book.

1564-1626- Lord Francis Bacon observed that massage had benefits enhancing circulation.

1608-1679 – Giovanni Alfonso Borelli studied muscular contraction.

1660-1742 - Prussia. Friedrich Hoffman, physician to King of Prussia recommended rubbing

and gymnastics for the royal court.

1742-1823 - John Grosvenor, English surgeon practiced healing with hands.

1776-1839 - Per Henrik Ling- fencing master and gymnast studied massage after he cured
himself of rheumatism in his arm. Developed a system of Medical Gymnastics. Per Henrik
ling is not the father of swedish massage!!

1800's-Reiki is believed to date back to early Tibetan healing practices. Discovered in the
1800's by a Japanese philosopher and Christian seminary educator, Dr. Mikao Usui

1813- Per Henrik Ling formed the Royal Gymnastic Central Institute in Stockholm, Sweden. His
students carried on his work after his death.

1828-1917- American osteopathic medicine was begun by Andrew Taylor Still.

1837 - Ling’s disciple, M. LeRon brought Movement Cure to Russia, St. Petersburg.

1839-1909 - Johann Mezger. Holland. Brought medical massage to scientific community.

Started using the terms effleurage, petrissage and tapotement.

1850s- scientific massage therapy was introduced in the United States by two New York
physicians, brothers George and Charles Taylor, who had studied in Sweden.

1856 - Mathias Roth, English physician, taught Charles Fayette Taylor and George Henry
Taylor who brought massage to the US

1852-1943 - John Harvey Kellogg, Battle Creek Sanitarium used massage and hydrotherapy.
Published magazine called "Good Health"
1850s- Karl von Reichenbach discovered kerosene and paraffin

1879 - Douglas Graham-described lomi lomi and wrote a history of massage. May have been
first to use massage in USA.

1880 - Mary Putnam Jacobi and Victoria A White in New York City. Medical Doctors and
professors who researched the benefits of massage and ice packs in the management of
anemia.

1884 - Professor Charcot. French Physician taught Sigmund Freud. Though French doctors
should use massage more.

1884 - Massage Scandals in Europe. Physicians became skeptical of claims made by massage
therapist and accused practitioners of stealing patients.

1887 – Massage - A Mechanical Processes, by George Taylor was published

1894 - Society of Trained Masseuses formed in Britain. Set up study of massage along with
prerequisites for education and criteria for school recognition.

1895 - Sigmund Freud. Used Massage Therapy to treat hysteria. Studies in Hysteria.
Postulated that what we did not or will not confront in our lives would be buried in the body in
the unconscious mind.

1895 -Harvey Kellogg writes "The Art of Massage"

1899 - Sir William Bennet- Started a massage department at St. George’s Hospital in London.

1800's-Canadian Deep Muscle This technique addresses specific muscles and muscle groups.
The practitioners are trained to fix specific problems. It is a fundamental technique that offers
fast results for both pain and stress. This form of cross fiber massage was first written about in
the late 1800's in New York City.

1900 - Albert Hoffa- wrote book “Technike der Massage”.

1900s early- Jin shin jyutsu, the "art of circulation awakening," was developed in Japan by Jiro
Murai and brought to the United States in the 1960s by Mary Iino Burmeister.

1900's early- The Alexander Technique was developed by an Australian actor F.M. Alexander

1907 - Edgar Ferdinand Cyriax- Used Ling’s Swedish Movement Cure and
Mechanotherapeutics.
1907-Naprapathy originated by a chiropractor in
Chicago. This also concerns connective tissue.

1913 - Dr. William Fitzgerald rediscovered Reflexology and called it Zone Therapy.

1917- James Mennell. London. St. Thomas Hospital. Did physical treatment by movement,
manipulation and massage.

W.W.I- Swedish massage used for rehabilitation of injured soldiers.

1927 - New York State Society of Medical Massage Therapists (first massage association)

1929 - Elizabeth Dicke, German physical therapist created “Bindgewebs massage” or

connective tissue massage. Used reflex zones.

1930’s - Hospitals staffed Physical Therapists who were doing massage.

1930- Neuromuscular Therapy created by Stanley Leif.

1932 - Emil Voder. (this is the technique I use!!) Danish physiologist created Manual Lymph
Drainage to which we apply Complete Decongestive Therapy to as well, today.

1934 - Wilhelm Reich - Austrian psychoanalysis. Freud’s student. Used Somato techniques to
dissolve muscular armor. Attempted to cure neuroses by releasing their corresponding muscle
tensions by using breath, movement and physical manipulation. The community was outraged
at the thought of using physical contact. He was sent to prison for his conflicts and died there.

1937-A French chemist, Rene Maurice Gattefosse, began his research into the healing powers
of essential oils after burning his hand in his laboratory and immersing in it in lavender oil and
being impressed by how quickly the burn healed. He published a book about the anti -microbial
effects of the oils and coined the word Aromatherapy.

1939 - The Florida State Massage Therapy Association Inc. (FSMTA) was first organized on
June 15, 1939 one of the oldest massage organization, with 85 charter members. The first
Massage Act was passed by the Florida Legislature in 1943.

1940 – James Cyriax, son of Edgar Ferdinand Cyriax, and British Osteopath, created deep
transverse friction.

1943 - Chicago American Association of Masseurs and Masseuses formed. Later to become
American Massage Therapy Association. Dues were $.50.
1949 - Massage Registration Act formulated by AMM.

1944 - Harold Storms- Storms technique for fibrositic nodules.

1950’s - Francis Tappan and Gertrude Beard wrote books and articles on massage techniques.

1952 - Janet Travell researches Triggerpoints.

1952-Hoshino Therapy developed by Tomezo Hoshino, Hoshino Therapy is an official medical

therapy in Argentina.

1956 - Margaret Knott and Dorothy Vass wrote a book called “Proprioceptive Neuromuscular
Facilitation”.

1960’s - Albert Baumgartner used Massage in Athletics.

1960’s – Esalen became a center to explore human potential. Ida Rolf did her first trainings
there.Deane Juhan worked there. Bernie Gunther trained people to do massage.

1964 - Applied Kinesiology was founded by Chiropractor George Goodheart

1966 - Raymond Nimmo-Wrote book " The Receptor Tonus Method ", which came from his
work with"noxious generative points".

1960's late- John Barnes,developed Myofascial Release Therapy

1971-Core Energetics Started by Dr. John Pierralcos in 1971, core energetics adds a more
spiritual aspect to bioenergetics.
Core Energetics: Developing the Capacity to Love and Heal
by John C Pierrakos

1972 - Moshe Feldenkrais, writes "Awareness Through Movement" which follows up to his
1949 publication The Body and Mature Behavior.
The Potent Self: A Study of Spontaneity and Compulsion by Moshe Feldenkrais, Michaeleen
Kimmey . Studies of sensory awareness and movement re-education somewhat based on F.M.
Alexander's work.

1973-Zero Balancing was developed by osteopath and

acupuncturist Dr. Fritz Smith

1976- Myotherapy developed by Bonnie Prudden

1977- Aston-Patterning is developed by Judith Aston (form of rolfing)

1978- Joseph Heller started Hellerwork (form of rolfing)

1978-Soma Neuromuscular Integration developed by Bill Williams, Ph.D, one of the first
students of Ida Rolf

1980’s - Association of Bodywork and Massage Practitioners formed.

1980s-Watsu (water therapy) was developed by Harold Dull

1980’s-Taws Method (Soft Tissue Release) was developed by Stuart Taws, a British sports
rehabilitation therapist now residing in America

1981 - Lauren Berry, a physical therapist and mechanical engineer, recorded his methods of
manipulating joints, "The Berry Method, Volume I"

1981- Lawrence H. Jones identifies tenderpoints and develops "Strain- Counterstrain"

techniques of treating points.

- 1983 - Janet Travell writes book. with David Simons. "Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction: The
Triggerpoint Manual : Volumes I & 2

- 1989 - David Palmer creates and markets On Site Massage using a massage chair.

1990- protocol for fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) defined by the American College of
Rheumatology

1991 - Touch Research Institute created. This is a really amazing organization.

Check them out online!

1992 - National Certification created by the NCBMT

2001- CAM law activated in Minnesota