Question List 2019 15 05

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May 15, 2019
1 Radio Stations with radio data system (RDS) technolodgy broadcast spec Critical
http://gmatclub.com/forum/topic-71306.html Reasoning
(CR)
Tags: Difficulty: 700-Level | Assumption
Source : GMATPrep Default Exam Pack
Radio Stations with radio data system (RDS) technolodgy broadcast special program information that only
radios with an RDS feature can receive. Between 1994 and 1996, the number of RDS radio stations in Verdland
increased from 250 to 600. However, since the number of RDS equipped radios in Verdland was about the
same in 1996 as in 1994, the number of Verdlanders receiving the special program information probably did
not increase significantly.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) Few if any of the RDS radio stations that began broadcasting in Verdland after 1994 broadcast to people
with RDS-equipped radios living in areas not previously reached by RDS stations.
(B) In 1996 Verdlanders who lived within the listening area of an RDS station already had a radio equipped to
receive RDS.
(C) Equipping a radio station with RDS technology does not decrease the station's listening area.
(D) In 1996 Verdlanders who did not own radios equipped to receive RDS could not receive any programming
from the RDS radio stations that began broadcasting in Verdland after 1994.
(E) The RDS radio stations in Verdland in 1996 did not all offer the same type of programming.
2 Networks of blood vessels in bats' wings serve only to disperse heat Critical
(CR)
Tags: Difficulty: 700-Level | Assumption
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Date: May 15,

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2019
May 15, 2019
Networks of blood vessels in bats' wings serve only to disperse heat generated in flight. This heat is generated
only because bats flap their wings. Thus paleontologists' recent discovery that the winged dinosaur
Sandactylus had similar networks of blood vessels in the skin of its wings provides evidence for the hypothesis
that Sandactylus flew by flapping its wings, not just by gliding.
The argument in the passage relies on which of the following assumptions?
(A) Sandactylus would not have had networks of blood vessels in the skin of its wings if these networks were of
no use to Sandactylus.
(B) All creatures that fly by flapping their wings have networks of blood vessels in the skin of their wings.
(C) Winged dinosaurs that flapped their wings in flight would have been able to fly more effectively than
winged dinosaurs that could only glide.
(D) If Sandactylus flew by flapping its wings, then paleontologists would certainly be able to find some evidence
that it did so.
(E) Heat generated by Sandactylus in flapping its wings in flight could not have been dispersed by anything
other than the blood vessels in its wings.
Verbal Question of The Day: Day 269: Critical Reasoning

Subscribe to GMAT Question of the Day: E-mail | RSS
For All QOTD Questions Click Here
The Official Guide for GMAT Review, 11th Edition, 2005
Practice Question
Question No.: CR 89
Page: 493
Similar Question : LINK 1 LINK 2
3 In Wareland last year, 16 percent of licensed drivers under 21 and 11

Critical Reasoning
http://gmatclub.com/forum/topic-241474.html (CR)
Tags: Assumption | Difficulty: 700-Level
Date: May 15,

2019
May 15, 2019
The Official Guide for GMAT Review 2018
Practice Question
Question No.: CR 635
In Wareland last year, 16 percent of licensed drivers under 21 and 11 percent of drivers ages 21-24 were in serious accidents. By
contrast, only 3 percent of licensed drivers 65 and older were involved in serious accidents. These figures clearly show that the
greater experience and developed habits of caution possessed by drivers in the 65-and-older group make them far safer behind
the wheel than the younger drivers are.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) Drivers 65 and older do not, on average, drive very many fewer miles per year than drivers 24 and younger.
(B) Drivers 65 and older do not constitute a significantly larger percentage of licensed drivers in Wareland than drivers ages
18-24 do.
(C) Drivers 65 and older are less likely than are drivers 24 and younger to drive during weather conditions that greatly increase
the risk of accidents.
(D) The difference between the accident rate of drivers under 21 and of those ages 21-24 is attributable to the greater driving
experience of those in the older group.
(E) There is no age bracket for which the accident rate is lower than it is for licensed drivers 65 and older.
Spoiler: ::
Wareland Accidents
Step 1: Identify the Question
The word assumption in the question stem indicates that this is a Find the Assumption question.
Step 2: Deconstruct the Argument
Accident Rates
<21 – 16%
21-24 – 11%
≥65 – 3%
© Exper + caution ≥65 -> safer drivers
Step 3: Pause and State the Goal
On an Assumption question, you are looking for a piece of information that is necessary to draw the conclusion. In this case, the
argument states that the lower accident rate for drivers 65 and older is caused because they are safer drivers. What else might
cause a lower accident rate?
Step 4: Work from Wrong to Right
(A) CORRECT. If the cause of the lower accident rate among drivers 65 and over is their safe driving due to experience and
caution, it is important to rule out alternative explanations for the lower accident rate. Mileage driven is one such alternate
explanation; between two equally safe drivers, the one who drives fewer miles is less likely to get in an accident. This answer
rules out the possibility that the lower accident rate for older drives is just due to driving fewer miles.
(B) The argument presents data about the percentage of drivers by age group who are involved in accidents. Thus, the number
of drivers in each age group does not matter to these comparisons or the related conclusions.
(C) This information provides an alternate explanation for the lower accident rate, weakening the conclusion. Drivers 65 and
over may have a lower accident rate because they drive in better conditions, not because they're safer drivers.
(D) This information supports some of the logic in the conclusion – that experience results in safer driving. But it is not necessary
that the cause of the reduction in accident frequency for drivers 21 to 24 be the same as the cause of the reduction in accident
frequency for those 65 and older. For example, suppose that 21 to 24 year olds have fewer accidents than those under 21
because they tend to drive cars with better brakes and other technology that may prevent accidents. Even in this case, those 65
and older could still be safer drivers due to their caution and experience.
(E) The conclusion is comparing drivers 65 and older to younger drivers, specifically those under 24. This conclusion and
argument could still be valid even if there were some other age group (for example those 40 to 45) that has an even lower
accident frequency.
Date: May 15,

2019
May 15, 2019
4 Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host Critical
(CR)
Tags: Conclusion | Difficulty: 700-Level | Must be True
Parasitic wasps lay their eggs directly into the eggs of various host insects in exactly the right numbers for any
suitable size of host egg. If they laid too many eggs in a host egg, the developing wasp larvae would compete
with each other to the death for nutrients and space. If too few eggs were laid, portions of the host egg would
decay, killing the wasp larvae.
Which of the following conclusions can properly be drawn from the information above?
(A) The size of the smallest host egg that a wasp could theoretically parasitize can be determined from the
wasp's egg-laying behavior.
(B) Host insects lack any effective defenses against the form of predation practiced by parasitic wasps.
(C) Parasitic wasps learn from experience how many eggs to lay into the eggs of different host species.
(D) Failure to lay enough eggs would lead to the death of the developing wasp larvae more quickly than would
laying too many eggs.
(E) Parasitic wasps use visual clues to calculate the size of a host egg.
5 Recent studies show that people between the ages of 13 and 55 produce Critical
(CR)
Tags: Conclusion | Difficulty: 700-Level
Recent studies show that people between the ages of 13 and 55 produce 65 pounds more garbage per year
than they did in 1995. This increase has led to a higher percentage of the total garbage produced by all the age
groups. This age group constitutes a growing percentage of the population, so it partially explains this rise.
Which of the following can be concluded from passage?
A. People over the age of 55 produce more garbage than people less than the age of 13.
B. Population has risen since 1995.
C. People between the age of 13 and 55 are more than half of current population.
D. Before 1995, people below age 13 and above age 55 produced higher percentage of total garbage than they
do now.
E. People between the age of 13 and 55 produce more garbage than those below 13 or older than 55.
6 In Swartkans territory, archaeologists discovered charred bone fragmen Critical

(CR)
Tags: Additional Evidence | Strengthen | Difficulty: 700-Level
Date: May 15,

2019
May 15, 2019
In Swartkans territory, archaeologists discovered charred bone fragments dating back 1 million years. Analysis
of the fragments, which came from a variety of animals, showed that they had been heated to temperatures
no higher than those produced in experimental campfires made from branches of white stinkwood, the most
common tree around Swartkans.
Which of the following, if true, would, together with the information above, provide the best basis for the claim
that the charred bone fragments are evidence of the use of fire by early hominids?
(A) The white stinkwood tree is used for building material by the present-day inhabitants of Swartkans.
(B) Forest fires can heat wood to a range of temperatures that occur in campfires.
(C) The bone fragments were fitted together by the archaeologists to form the complete skeletons of several
animals.
(D) Apart from the Swartkans discovery, there is reliable evidence that early hominids used fire as many as 500
thousand years ago.
(E) The bone fragments were found in several distinct layers of limestone that contained primitive cutting tools
known to have been used by early hominids.
Practice Question
Question No.: CR 16
Page: 472
7 Correctly measuring the productivity of service workers is complex. Co Critical

(CR)
Tags: Difficulty: 700-Level | Method of Reasoning
Correctly measuring the productivity of service workers is complex. Consider, for example, postal workers: they
are often said to be more productive if more letters are delivered per postal worker. But is this really true?
What if more letters are lost or delayed per worker at the same time that more are delivered?
The objection implied above to the productivity measure described is based on doubts about the truth of
which of the following statements?
(A) Postal workers are representative of service workers in general.
(B) The delivery of letters is the primary activity of the postal service.
(C) Productivity should be ascribed to categories of workers, not to individuals.
(D) The quality of services rendered can appropriately be ignored in computing productivity.
(E) The number of letters delivered is relevant to measuring the productivity of postal workers.
8 New research by Paul Fildes and K. Whitaker challenges the

Reading
http://gmatclub.com/forum/topic-82135.html Comprehension (RC)
Tags: Science | Long Passage | Difficulty: 700-Level
Date: May 15,

2019
May 15, 2019
New research by Paul Fildes and K. Whitaker challenges the theory that strains of bacteria can be "trained" to mutate by
withholding a metabolite necessary for their regular function. In particular, they consider the case of bacteria typhosum,
which needs tryptophan in order to reproduce. Earlier researchers had grown the bacteria in a medium somewhat deficient
in tryptophan and observed the growth of mutant strains of the bacteria which did not need tryptophan in order to
reproduce.
Fildes and Whitaker argue that the withholding of tryptophan did not induce these mutant strains of bacteria. Rather, these
mutants were already present in the original sample of bacteria typhosum, albeit in a concentration too small to detect. In
experimenting with the bacteria grown in agar cultures, they found that by plating out huge quantities of the bacteria, one
could locate mutant strains. Because of the possibility that the lack of uniformity of the agar cultures had in fact trained
mutant strains, they conducted similar experiments with liquid cultures and again found that mutant strains of the bacteria
were present in the original sampling. From these experiments, Fildes and Whitaker conclude that the mutants are of genetic
origin and are not induced by environmental training. They asserted that the concentration of tryptophan is unrelated to the
appearance of these mutants in the bacteria.
To confirm these results, Fildes and Whitaker used an innovative plating technique using pile fabrics, such as velvet or
velveteen, to accurately imprint the growth found on an original agar plate to a series of replica agar plates. The process
entails taking the original agar plate, inverting it onto the velvet while using light finger pressure to transfer growth, and then
imprinting the fabric, with its pattern of growth, on the new agar plates. By using this replica plating method, Fildes and
Whitaker demonstrated that the mutants were in fact genetically present or preadapted, as the locations of the mutant
strains of bacteria on the replica plates were identical to the locations of the mutant strains on the original agar plate.
1. It can be inferred from the passage that the replica plating method is effective for which of the following reasons?
A) It allows researchers to determine the relative sizes of different populations of bacteria.
B) It shows that no new mutant strains developed after transfer from the original agar plate.
C) It eliminates the possibility that the agar culture was contaminated by a different type of bacteria.
D) It demonstrates that no tryptophan was present in the original agar culture.
E) It establishes that the original agar culture contained the necessary metabolites for bacterial reproduction.
Spoiler: ::
B
[2] Which of the following most accurately states the purpose of the passage?
A) To defend a scientific hypothesis from attack by an innovative technique
B) To describe a process by which bacteria can be trained to mutate
C) To present the results of an experiment designed to test an established theory
D) To argue against an established protocol on the grounds that it is outdated
E) To challenge a scientific technique used to prove a questionable theory
Spoiler: ::
C
[3]According to the passage, Fildes and Whitaker conducted the experiment with liquid culture because
A) agar culture contained tryptophan
B) liquid culture allowed for easier plating
C) agar culture could not support a sufficiently large number of bacteria
D) liquid culture offered a more consistent medium
E) agar culture did not adhere well to pile fabric
Spoiler: ::
D
Date: May 15,

2019
May 15, 2019
9 Two divergent definitions have dominated sociologists' discussions of

http://gmatclub.com/forum/topic-155936.html Reading Comprehension (RC)
Tags: Difficulty: 700-Level | Social Science
Date: May 15,

2019
May 15, 2019
Practice Question
Question No.: RC 218 ~ 224
Page: 388
Two divergent definitions have dominated sociologists' discussions of the nature of ethnicity. The first emphasizes the primordial and unchanging character of ethnicity. In this view, people have an essential need for belonging that is satisfied by membership in groups based on
shared ancestry and culture. A different conception of ethnicity de-emphasizes the cultural component and defines ethnic groups as interest groups. In this view, ethnicity serves as a way of mobilizing a certain population behind issues relating to its economic position. While both of
these definitions are useful, neither fully captures the dynamic and changing aspects of ethnicity in the United States. Rather, ethnicity is more satisfactorily conceived of as a process in which preexisting communal bonds and common cultural attributes are adapted for instrumental
purposes according to changing real-life situations.
One example of this process is the rise of participation by Native American people in the broader United States political system since the Civil Rights movement of the 1960's. Besides leading Native Americans to participate more actively in politics (the number of Native American
legislative officeholders more than doubled), this movement also evoked increased interest in tribal history and traditional culture. Cultural and instrumental components of ethnicity are not mutually exclusive, but rather reinforce one another.
The Civil Rights movement also brought changes in the uses to which ethnicity was put by Mexican American people. In the 1960's, Mexican Americans formed community-based political groups that emphasized ancestral heritage as a way of mobilizing constituents. Such emerging
issues as immigration and voting rights gave Mexican American advocacy groups the means by which to promote ethnic solidarity. Like European ethnic groups in the nineteenth-century United States, late-twentieth-century Mexican American leaders combined ethnic with
contemporary civic symbols. In 1968 Henry Cisneros, then mayor of San Antonio, Texas, cited Mexican leader Benito Juarez as a model for Mexican Americans in their fight for contemporary civil rights. And every year, Mexican Americans celebrate Cinco de Mayo as fervently as many
Irish American people embrace St. Patrick's Day (both are major holidays in the countries of origin), with both holidays having been reinvented in the context of the United States and linked to ideals, symbols, and heroes of the United States.
1. Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage?
(A) In their definitions of the nature of ethnicity, sociologists have underestimated the power of the primordial human need to belong.
(B) Ethnicity is best defined as a dynamic process that combines cultural components with shared political and economic interests.
(C) In the United States in the twentieth century, ethnic groups have begun to organize in order to further their political and economic interests.
(D) Ethnicity in the United States has been significantly changed by the Civil Rights movement.
(E) The two definitions of ethnicity that have dominated sociologists' discussions are incompatible and should be replaced by an entirely new approach.
Spoiler: ::
B
2. Which of the following statements about the first two definitions of ethnicity discussed in the first paragraph is supported by the passage?
(A) One is supported primarily by sociologists, and the other is favored by members of ethnic groups.
(B) One emphasizes the political aspects of ethnicity, and the other focuses on the economic aspects.
(C) One is the result of analysis of United States populations, and the other is the result of analysis of European populations.
(D) One focuses more on the ancestral components of ethnicity than does the other.
(E) One focuses more on immigrant groups than does the other.
Spoiler: ::
D
3. The author of the passage refers to Native American people in the second paragraph in order to provide an example of
(A) the ability of membership in groups based on shared ancestry and culture to satisfy an essential human need
(B) how ethnic feelings have both motivated and been strengthened by political activity
(C) how the Civil Rights movement can help promote solidarity among United States ethnic groups
(D) how participation in the political system has helped to improve a group's economic situation
(E) the benefits gained from renewed study of ethnic history and culture
Spoiler: ::
B
4. The passage supports which of the following statements about the Mexican American community?
(A) In the 1960's the Mexican American community began to incorporate the customs of another ethnic group in the United States into the observation of its own ethnic holidays.
(B) In the 1960's Mexican American community groups promoted ethnic solidarity primarily in order to effect economic change.
(C) In the 1960's leaders of the Mexican American community concentrated their efforts on promoting a renaissance of ethnic history and culture.
(D) In the 1960's members of the Mexican American community were becoming increasingly concerned about the issue of voting rights.
(E) In the 1960's the Mexican American community had greater success in mobilizing constituents than did other ethnic groups in the United States.
Spoiler: ::
D
5. Which of the following types of ethnic cultural expression is discussed in the passage?
(A) The retelling of traditional narratives
(B) The wearing of traditional clothing
(C) The playing of traditional music
(D) The celebration of traditional holidays
(E) The preparation of traditional cuisine
Spoiler: ::
D
6. Information in the passage supports which of the following statements about many European ethnic groups in the nineteenth-century United States?
(A) They emphasized economic interests as a way of mobilizing constituents behind certain issues.
(B) They conceived of their own ethnicity as being primordial in nature.
(C) They created cultural traditions that fused United States symbols with those of their countries of origin.
(D) They de-emphasized the cultural components of their communities in favor of political interests.
(E) They organized formal community groups designed to promote a renaissance of ethnic history and culture.
Spoiler: ::
C
7. The passage suggests that in 1968 Henry Cisneros most likely believed that
(A) many Mexican Americans would respond positively to the example of Benito Juárez
(B) many Mexican Americans were insufficiently educated in Mexican history
(C) the fight for civil rights in the United States had many strong parallels in both Mexican and Irish history
(D) the quickest way of organizing community-based groups was to emulate the tactics of Benito Juárez
(E) Mexican Americans should emulate the strategies of Native American political leaders
Spoiler: ::
A
Date: May 15,

2019
May 15, 2019
10 A supernova is a brief stellar explosion so luminous that it can brief Reading

http://gmatclub.com/forum/topic-283274.html Comprehension
(RC)
Tags: Science | Short Passage | Difficulty: 700-Level
A supernova is a brief stellar explosion so luminous that it can briefly outshine an entire galaxy. While the
explosion itself takes less than fifteen seconds, supernovae take weeks or months to fade from view; during
that time, a supernova can emit an amount of energy equivalent to the amount of energy the Sun is expected
to radiate over its entire lifespan. Supernovae generate enough heat to create heavy elements, such as
mercury, gold, and silver. Although supernovae explode frequently, few of them are visible (from Earth) to the
naked eye.
In 1604 in Padua, Italy, a supernova became visible, appearing as a star so bright that it was visible in daylight
for more than a year. Galileo, who lectured at the university, gave several lectures widely attended by the
public. The lectures not only sought to explain the origin of the "star" (some posited that perhaps it was merely
"vapour near the Earth"), but seriously undermined the views of many philosophers that the heavens were
unchangeable. This idea was foundational to a worldview underpinned by a central and all-important Earth,
with celestial bodies merely rotating around it.
1. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) give the history of supernovae.

(B) describe a shift in thought as a result of a natural event.
(C) juxtapose two opposing views about supernovae.
(D) corroborate the view that the Earth is not central to the universe.
(E) explain how science and philosophy interrelate.
2. Which of the following can be inferred by the passage:
I. Supernovae can take over a year to fade from view.

II. Prior to 1604, no one had even seen a supernova.
III. Galileo convinced philosophers of the incorrectness of their views.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II
(D) II and III
(E) I, II, and III
3. The author mentions which of the following as a result of the supernova of 1604?
(A) The supernova created and dispersed the heavy elements out of which the Earth and everything on it is
made.
(B) Galileo explained the origin of the supernova.
(C) The public was interested in hearing lectures about the phenomenon.
(D) Galileo's lectures were opposed by philosophers.
(E) Those who thought the supernova was "vapour" were proved wrong.
277
Date: May 15,

2019
May 15, 2019
The list of ANSWERS:
# Answer
1 A
2 A
3 A
4 A
5 D
6 E
7 D
8 -
9 -
10 -
Date: May 15,

2019

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The following list was automatically generated by medic19 to be downloaded from the

public forum discussions on the GMAT Club website.

File Name: Question_list_2019_15_05

Source : GMATPrep Default Exam Pack

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

Date: May 15,

The argument in the passage relies on which of the following assumptions?

Verbal Question of The Day: Day 269: Critical Reasoning

The Official Guide for GMAT Review, 11th Edition, 2005

Similar Question : LINK 1 LINK 2

3 In Wareland last year, 16 percent of licensed drivers under 21 and 11

Tags: Assumption | Difficulty: 700-Level

Date: May 15,

The Official Guide for GMAT Review 2018

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

Step 1: Identify the Question

Step 2: Deconstruct the Argument

© Exper + caution ≥65 -> safer drivers

Step 3: Pause and State the Goal

Step 4: Work from Wrong to Right

Date: May 15,

Which of the following can be concluded from passage?

B. Population has risen since 1995.

6 In Swartkans territory, archaeologists discovered charred bone fragmen Critical

Date: May 15,

The Official Guide for GMAT Review, 11th Edition, 2005

7 Correctly measuring the productivity of service workers is complex. Co Critical

(A) Postal workers are representative of service workers in general.

(C) Productivity should be ascribed to categories of workers, not to individuals.

8 New research by Paul Fildes and K. Whitaker challenges the

Tags: Science | Long Passage | Difficulty: 700-Level

Date: May 15,

A) It allows researchers to determine the relative sizes of different populations of bacteria.

D) It demonstrates that no tryptophan was present in the original agar culture.

A) To defend a scientific hypothesis from attack by an innovative technique

B) To describe a process by which bacteria can be trained to mutate

C) To present the results of an experiment designed to test an established theory

D) To argue against an established protocol on the grounds that it is outdated

E) To challenge a scientific technique used to prove a questionable theory

A) agar culture contained tryptophan

B) liquid culture allowed for easier plating

C) agar culture could not support a sufficiently large number of bacteria

D) liquid culture offered a more consistent medium

E) agar culture did not adhere well to pile fabric

Date: May 15,

9 Two divergent definitions have dominated sociologists' discussions of

Tags: Difficulty: 700-Level | Social Science

Date: May 15,

The Official Guide for GMAT Review, 10th Edition, 2003

(A) The retelling of traditional narratives

(B) The wearing of traditional clothing

(C) The playing of traditional music

(D) The celebration of traditional holidays

(E) The preparation of traditional cuisine

(B) They conceived of their own ethnicity as being primordial in nature.

(B) many Mexican Americans were insufficiently educated in Mexican history

Date: May 15,

10 A supernova is a brief stellar explosion so luminous that it can brief Reading

1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) give the history of supernovae.

2. Which of the following can be inferred by the passage:

I. Supernovae can take over a year to fade from view.

Date: May 15,