Data and Computer Communications, 10th Edition, by William Stallings

CHAPTER 6: ERROR DETECTION AND CORRECTION

TRUE OR FALSE

T F 1. Regardless of the design of the transmission system, there will be

errors, resulting in the change of one or more bits in a transmitted
block of data.

T F 2. Redundant bits are not used by the receiver for error detection.

T F 3. An error detection code simply detects the presence of an error.

.
T F 4. Burst errors can be caused by impulse noise.

T F 5. Single bit errors are more common and more difficult to deal with.

T F 6. The Internet checksum is considerably less effective than the CRC.

T F 7. Error detection found in data link control protocols such as HDLC

is not a useful technique.

T F 8. The ratio of data bits to total bits is called the code rate .

T F 9. Error correction works by adding sufficient redundancy to the

transmitted message.

T F 10. CRC-32 is not used in IEEE 802 LAN standards.

T F 11. Modulo 2 arithmetic uses binary addition with no carries, which is

just the exclusive-OR (XOR) operation.

T F 12. The simplest error detecting scheme is to append a parity bit to

the end of a block of data.

T F 13. Error correction is best used with wireless applications.

T F 14. The use of Manchester encoding is a form of synchronization.

T F 15. The characteristics that distinguish various data link

configurations are topology and whether the link is half duplex or
full duplex.
Data and Computer Communications, 10th Edition, by William Stallings

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ________ is one of the most fundamental requirements in the transmission of a

stream of bits from one device to another.

A) Standardization B) Digitalization

C) Synchronization D) Configuration

2. A ________ error can occur in the presence of white noise when a slight random
deterioration of the signal to noise ratio is sufficient to confuse the receiver's
decision of a single bit.

A) burst B) idle

C) single-bit D) digital

3. In ________ transmission each block of data is formatted as a frame that

includes a starting and an ending flag.

A) parallel B) asynchronous

C) analog D) synchronous

4. In a(n) ________ there is a cluster of bits in which a number of errors occur,

although not necessarily all of the bits in the cluster suffer an error.

A) error burst B) single-bit error

C) idle state D) error detection

5. In __________ transmission systems, an error occurs when a binary 1 is

transmitted and a binary 0 is received, or a binary 0 is transmitted and a
binary 1 is received.

A) analog B) digital

C) parallel D) none of the above

Data and Computer Communications, 10th Edition, by William Stallings

6. A ___________ is an isolated error condition that alters one bit but does not
affect nearby bits.

A) parity error B) burst error

C) single-bit error D) streaming error

7. Correction of errors using an error detecting code requires that block of data
to be ________.

A) skipped over B) deleted

C) retransmitted D) streamed

8. Error correction works by adding ________ to the transmitted message.

A) decoding B) clarification

C) error burst D) redundancy

9. The use of coding allows a reduction, referred to as the ________, and defined
as the reduction in decibels to achieve a specified BER of an error correcting
coded system compared to an uncoded system using the same modulation.

A) code rate B) fixed coding

C) coding gain D) block code

10. In ________ transmission systems, an error occurs when a bit is altered

between transmission and reception.

A) analog B) digital

C) idle D) guided

11. The __________ is a measure of how much additional bandwidth is

required to carry data at the same data rate as without the code.
Data and Computer Communications, 10th Edition, by William Stallings

A) burst rate B) code rate

C) stream rate D) idle rate

12. The __________ is the reduction, in decibels, to achieve a specified BER of an
error-correcting coded system compared to an uncoded system using the
same modulation.

A) FEC B) Hamming distance

C) coding gain D) checksum

13. The _________ is a string of 1-bit storage devices with each device having an
output line, which indicates the value currently stored, and an input line.

A) shift register B) parity

C) digital logic D) none of the above

14. The ratio of redundant bits to data bits, (n – k)/k , is called the __________ of
the code.

A) redundancy B) coding gain

C) code rate D) fixed parity

15. The __________ d(v1 , v2) between two n -bit binary sequences v1 and v2 is the
number of bits in which v1 and v2 disagree.

A) check bits B) FCS

C) ECC D) Hamming distance

SHORT ANSWER

1. Three approaches are in common use for coping with data transmission
errors: error-detection codes, error-correction codes, and __________ protocols.

2. ___________ operates in a fashion similar to error detection but is capable of

correcting certain errors in a transmitted bit stream.

3. Redundant bits are used by the _________ for the purpose of error detection or
Data and Computer Communications, 10th Edition, by William Stallings

correction.

4. FEC codes are designed not just to detect but correct errors, avoiding the
need for __________.

5. The data, plus preamble, postamble and control information are called a ________.

6. A ________ error is an isolated error condition that alters one bit but does not
affect nearby bits.

7. The ________ is a measure of how much additional bandwidth is required to carry

data at the same data rate as without the code.

8. A way of viewing the CRC process is to express all values as ________ in a dummy
variable X with binary coefficients.

9. The ratio of redundant bits to data bits is called the ________ of the code.

10. The ________ is a measure of how much additional bandwidth is required to carry
data at the same data rate as without the code.

11. Forward error correction schemes are frequently used in __________ transmission,
where retransmission schemes are highly inefficient and error rates may be
high.

12. An ___________ is a group of bits in which two successive erroneous bits are
always separated by less than a given number x of correct bits.

13. A __________ error can occur in the presence of white noise.

14. In an __________ , there is a cluster of bits in which a number of errors

occur, although not necessarily all of the bits in the cluster suffer an error.

15. The simplest error-detecting scheme is to append a __________ bit to the end of a
block of data.