CODE SWITCHING: IMPLICATION OF ENGLISH

LANGUAGE TEACHERS

A Thesis
Presented to the Faculty
of the Lyceum Northwestern University

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Subject
Philippine Lexicography
Doctor of Philosophy
Major in Language Teaching

By

MELCHORA D. BOLAMBAO MARITA N. CLEMENTE

ROSALINA Q. SANCHEZ
ANALYN S. FERNANDEZ
CATHERINE P. AQUINO
MAUREEN A. GARCIA
REAH B. CASTRO
JOSE C. ALINIADO JR.
ARACELI F. NIŇALGA
KENNETH B. ROMERO
PRINCESS M. CUISON
ROLAND P. UMANGAY
PRINCESS P. UMANGAY
JOHN-JOHN J. FLORES
JAENELLE CALIMLIM
VIRGILIO B. MATIAS JR.
JEAN LOUISE B. BAGUIDUDOL
ROSELA B. DISU
MARILYN F. RABADON
SHIELA P. SALINAS
ELIZA G. ABELON

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 APPROVAL SHEET

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Philippine

Lexicography, this thesis entitled, “CODE SWITCHING: IMPLICATION OF

ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS” has been prepared and submitted by the

Philippine Lexicography Students.

Approved by

MARIA MARTHA MANETTE A. MADRID, Ed. D.

Professor

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 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

This academic work has come to its realization all because of the following

who have inspired, guided, strengthened and supported the researcher.

God, for His constant guidance and supply of wisdom, skill, understanding

and strength;

Dr. Maria Martha Manette A. Madrid, the researcher’s professor for her

inputs, untiring efforts and patience throughout the writing process for the

refinement of this study;

Her fellow researchers/classmates for sharing their precious time and

assistance in the distribution and retrieval of survey questionnaire as well as in

the conduct of the oral reading and comprehension tests;

Parents/ husbands/wives for the unfailing love and invaluable lessons on

patience and perseverance and for the unconditional support;

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 DEDICATION

This book is lovingly dedicated to our family

our mother, our guardian, husbands, wives

our siblings and children

who have been our inspiration and the source of strength.

Ph.D. – Philippine Lexicography Class

Second Semester 2018-2019

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i

APPROVAL SHEET ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT iii

DEDICATION iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS v

LIST OF APPENDECIS viii

LIST OF TABLES ix

ABSTRACT xi

CHAPTER

1 THE PROBLEM

Background of the Study 1

Statement of the Problem 3

Null Hypothesis 4

Significance of the Study 4

Scope and Delimitation 5

Definition of Terms 6

2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature 8

Related Studies 15

Conceptual Framework 19

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 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design 21

Respondents of the Study 21

Data Gathering Instruments 22

Data Gathering Procedure 24

Statistical Treatment of Data 25

4 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS OF DATA AND

INTERPRETATION OF FINDINGS

Profile Senior High School Teachers 26

Students Grades in English (21st Century Literature 34

Teachers Perception on Code Switching in Division of 36

Pangasinan 1

Student’s Perception on Code Switching in Division of 37

Pangasinan 1

Teachers Perception on Code Switching in Division of 38

Pangasinan 2

Student’s Perception on Code Switching in Division of 39

Pangasinan 2

Teachers Perception on Code Switching in Division of 40

San Carlos

Student’s Perception on Code Switching in Division of 41

San Carlos

Teachers Perception on Code Switching in Division of 42

Dagupan City

Student’s Perception on Code Switching in Division of 43

Dagupan City

Teachers Perception on Code Switching in Division of 44

Urdaneta City

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 Student’s Perception on Code Switching in Division of 45
Urdaneta City

Significant Relationship of the Perception of 47

The Respondents towards Their Performance
Implication of Code Switching in English 48
Language Teaching

5 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 49

Conclusions 50

Recommendations 51

BIBLIOGRAPHY 52

APPENDICES

A Questionnaire for Teacher Participants

Different Divisions of Pangasinan 55

Questionnaire for Student Participants 57

Divisions of Pangasinan

B. The Mats 59

C Grades in 21st Century Literature 68

D Teachers’ Profile 74

E Teachers Perception in Code Switching 78

F Students Perception in Code Switching 78

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table Page

1.1 Highest Educational Attainment of Teachers

In Pangasinan Division 1 27

1.2 Highest Educational Attainment of Teacher in 27

Pangasinan Division II

1.3 Highest Educational Attainment of Teacher in

The Division of San Carlos 28

1.4 Highest Educational Attainment of Teacher in

The Division of Dagupan 28

1.5 Highest Educational Attainment of Teacher in

The Division of Urdaneta 29

2.1 Length of Service of Teachers in the

Division of Pangasinan 1 30

2.2 Length of Service of Teachers in the

Division of Pangasinan II 30

2.3 Length of Service of Teachers in the

Division of San Carlos 31

2.4 Length of Service of Teachers in the

Division of Dagupan 31

2.5 Length of Service of Teachers in the

Division of Urdaneta 32

3 Relevant Trainings of the Teachers 33

4 Grades of the Students 34

5 Perception of the Teachers in Division of Pangasinan I 36

6 Perception of the Students in Division of Pangasinan I 37

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7 Perception of the Teachers in Division of 38
Pangasinan II
8 Perception of the Students in Division of 39
Pangasinan II

9 Perception of the Teachers in City Division of 40

San Carlos City

10 Perception of the Students in City Division of 41

San Carlos City

11 Perception of the Teachers in City Division 42

of Dagupan

12 Perception of the Students in City Division 43

of Dagupan

13 Perception of the Teachers in City Division 44

of Urdaneta

14 Perception of the Students in City Division 45

of Urdaneta

15 Performance (Scores) of the Students 46

16 Significant Relationship of the Perception of The

Respondents towards Their Performance 47

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 ABSTRACT

Researcher: MELCHORA D. BOLAMBAO

MARITA N. CLEMENTE
ROSALINA Q. SANCHEZ
PRINCESS P. UMANGAY
ANALYN S. FERNANDEZ
JOHN-JOHN J. FLORES
CATHERINE P. AQUINO
JAENELLE CALIMLIM
MAUREEN A. GARCIA
VIRGILIO B. MATIAS JR.
REAH B. CASTRO
JEAN LOUISE B. BAGUIDUDOL
JOSE C. ALINIADO JR.
ROSELA B. DISU
ARACELI F. NIŇALGA
MARILYN F. RABADON
KENNETH B. ROMERO
SHIELA P. SALINAS
PRINCESS M. CUISON
ELIZA G. ABELON
ROLAND P. UMANGAY

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Specialization: Language Teaching

Institution: Lyceum Northwestern University

Adviser: DR. MARIA MARTHA MANETTE A.

MADRID
Title: Code Switching: Implication of English

Language Teachers

Keywords: Code Switching, Implication, Language

Teachers

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 This study aimed to determine the perception of the use of code-switching:

implication of English language teachers. Most of the teachers coming from the

five (5) divisions in Pangasinan and didn’t yet pursue or enroll its post graduate

studies. However, there are teachers who have started and already had their

units with their educational attainment. Fortunately, there are some teachers

who had already finished their Masteral and doctorate degree. Since the new

curriculum has been implemented last 2016, most of teacher had the length of

service in Department of Education for 5 years below. Moreover, majority of

them had attended seminars and trainings division wide and regional.

Most of the teachers coming from the five (5) divisions in Pangasinan and

didn’t yet pursue or enroll its post graduate studies. However, there are teachers

who have started and already had their units with their educational attainment.

Fortunately, there are some teachers who had already finished their Masteral

and doctorate degree. Since the new curriculum has been implemented last

2016, most of teacher had the length of service in Department of Education for 5

years below. Moreover, majority of them had attended seminars and trainings

division wide and regional. With regards on the grades of the students on the

said offered subject, majority of them passed by obtaining the grade not less

than 75. Thus, majority of the lowest grade was 75 (fairly satisfactory) while

majority of the highest grade 97 (outstanding). It was also observed that both

teachers and students of five (5) foresaid divisions found-out that they are all

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strongly agree on the existence and utilization of code switching has been a

great tool on the effectiveness of language learning.

Results also revealed that the lowest score was 18 while the highest score

was 20. It could also be noted from the table that their usual or frequent scores

were between 18 to 20. An association was found to exist between on the

performance of students to the perception coming from the division of

Pangasinan I, Pangasinan II, and Dagupan City except from the City Division of

San Carlos City and City Division of Urdaneta.

Based on the above findings, the following recommendations are offered

for possible course of action: Teachers must be keep code witching as an

effective way to express solidarity and build interpersonal relationship; students

preferred a combination of two languages in situations such as grammar

explanations and test instructions. Moreover, they tended to want their teacher

to make them speak more in English; the area of code-switching in upper

secondary school can indeed be researched further. It would be interesting to

investigate the amount of unintentional code-switching among English teachers

in upper secondary school and to see the extent to which their code switching

activities are planned ahead.

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