Capstone 1 - Wilkin Simo Final

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SELECTING CROP AND IDENTIFYING
PLANTING METHODOLOGY BASED ON ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL FACTOR
USING FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH
Presented to
the Faculty of the Institute of Computing
University of Southeastern Philippines
Bo. Obrero, Davao City
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Master of Information Technology
By
WILKIN F. SIMO
JUNE 2017
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Background of the Study

Agriculture continues to be the major source of income and employment in the total
economy, employing nearly half of the total labour force and contributing over 20% of
gross domestic product (C. David, 1995). According to Philippines Statistic Authority,
about 32 percent of the country's total land area were agricultural lands. Of this, 51% and
44% were arable and permanent croplands, respectively. The country's main agricultural
crops are rice, corn, coconut, sugarcane, bananas, pineapple, coffee, mangoes, tobacco,
and abaca (a banana-like plant). Secondary crops include peanut, cassava, camote (a
type of rootcrop), garlic, onion, tomato, cabbage, eggplant, calamansi (a variety of lemon),
rubber, and cotton (Nations Encyclopedia, 2010).
Crop choice is frequently mentioned as a potential strategy to climate change.
Farmers make crop selection based on several criteria including environmental factors
such as climatic and soils conditions and available source flow. The structure conducted
by P. Kurulasiya and R. O. Mendelson (2010) finds that crop choice is very sensitive.
Some of the farmers will change crops to be planted based on the changes of weather.
Farmers will also shift towards drought tolerant or water living crops respectively.
Since the Philippines focuses on the agricultural sector, it is important that we are
aware what would be the best crop to be planted and the practices to be implemented in
planting. There are factors that are being considered in order to identify what would be the
crop to be planted in a certain area. It can be based on the farm conditions like its
topographic area, crop availability, farming system and other factor that may affect in
planting and harvesting crops. Choosing the right seed for the field is a very important and
difficult task, and guessing what the weather may be in the following year, an even greater
task yet.
In a crop field, there are always differences between plants. Some crops may have
characteristics that are more suitable than those of other crops. Soil Characteristic are
extremely important when determining yield potential. These factor will be a great baseline
in order that the farmer can plant and yield a good harvest.
Moreover, the changes in temperature from time to time can be contributed to the
adverse effects of climate change causing the irregularities on the amount of rainfall and
precipitation happens in a year. One of the recent tragedy that has a great impact in Davao
Oriental is the Super Typhoon Pablo on 4th of December, 2013 that devastated over
300,000 hectares of land wiping out entire coconut plantations, and it teared over 100
years of farming livelihood. Agriculture has been decreased by 23 percent and the affected
areas where coconut and banana including the extensive wage labor opportunities
associated with their commercial production and processing, requires significant time,
effort and investment. That is why one of the intervention and recommendation to address
early recovery key issues is to provide agricultural practices with the tools and kits that
would allow technological transfer and put into place small scale feasible mitigation in
order to increase resilience by adaptation measures. (n.d., 2013)
These circumstances greatly causes significant changes on the farmers’ decisions
in their conduct of rotational crop planning and it has become a problem since it is hard to
determine when is the appropriate time of planting and which planting methodology best
fits the situation. Furthermore, other major variables which includes the changes on soil
attribute, soil content, and field condition are also need to be considered as these are the
fundamental factors in the determination of crops and identification of planting
methodology.
To address such problems, a decision support system model will be created in
order to help identify what would be the suitable seeds or crops to be planted in an area
and the most effective crops on a certain area based on the environment and spatial data
of the field.
Purpose and Description
The purpose of the study is to create a decision support system model that will be
used for selecting appropriate crop to be planted in an area. This decision support system
model can be a good help for decisions on what method to be used on identifying crop to
be planted as well as the best planting methodology to be used in a field. Predictive
analysis will be used in order to make such decisions by collecting historical data on
weather, temperature and field precipitation as well as other environmental and spatial
factor.
Objectives
The study aims to develop a decision support system using fuzzy logic that will
enable to identify the crop to be planted and the planting methodology to be applied in a
certain area.
The specific objective of the study are the following:
 To investigate the potential of a decision support system using environmental
and spatial factor in managing crop selection and planting methodology.
 Predict the upcoming rainfall and precipitation of the area based on the
historical record of rainfall and precipitation data of an area to be used for
supporting tools for crop selection and planting methodology.
 Develop a supporting tools using spatial factor and environment factor that will
provide an integrated knowledge-base for crop selection that will suit the area
and identify what would be the best planting methodology on an area.
 Determine the following attribute that would best fit for selection of crops and
planting methodology:
o Crop Data (Soil Requirements, Climatic requirements – temperature,
rainfall, precipitation)
o Environmental Data Data (Annual highest and lowest temperature,
annual distribution of rainfall, field precipitation)
o Spatial (Soil properties of farms, ph level, field type)
Significance of the Study
The development of a decision support system for crop selection and identifying
planting methodology is believe to be provide benefits and give significance to the
following:
Students. It will help the student to gather information and become a benchmark
in creating related systems. It will also give them an idea and suggestions to
improve quality of works in terms of selecting crops in creating decision support
systems.
Agriculturist. The system will help the agriculturist to provide a result on what
would be the suitable crops to be planted on a certain area and the planting
methodology to be applied on the area. It will also help the agriculturist in order to
provide an immediate evaluation on a certain farm area.
Farmers. The system would help the farmer identify the crop to be planted based
on the condition of the field. This project will help the farmers to properly evaluate
their farmland and be able get right decision and recommendation. Furthermore,
the projects enable the farmers to make it more convenient and effective in terms
of monitoring the progress of the plant growth and access knowledge that will help
guide them.
Researcher. The study will serve as reference for those who would like to study
about seed selection using environment and spatial data.
Scope and Limitations
The scope and limitation of the project were thoroughly analyze by the proponent
for the purpose of merely an effective knowledge dissemination of the project. Below are
the scope and limitation:
Scope
This study is designed only for establishing model for determining the best
fit crops as well as the planting methodology in an area by using the following
attribute:
o Crop Data (Ph Level Requirements, Soil Requirements, Climatic
requirements – temperature, rainfall, humidity)
o Spatial Data (Soil Type of Farm, Soil Ph Level, Slope and Elevation)
o Environment Data (Annual highest and lowest temperature, annual
distribution of rainfall, field precipitation)
The study only covers the short term crops of Davao Oriental as output for
crops to be suggested by the system. The following crops to be included in the
system are Tomato, Eggplant, Bell Pepper, Lettuce, Carrots, Onion, Peanut,
Cabbage and Radish.
In specific, the researcher will be using time series analysis for predicting
rainfall, temperature, humidity and precipitation of an area. This study will also
use If-Then Rule fin order to derive an output.
Also, the researcher will be creating a web-based system that will be used
to test the system being created that will allow the user to manage crop data
and consolidate data from agencies and users. The system will show result for
predicted rainfall, precipitation and other related data for crops.
Limitation
 The study focuses only on seed or crop selection and identifying the planting
methods specifically in Davao Oriental.
 The system will only limit to one (1) year of monthly prediction for weather,
humidity, temperature and rainfall.

Chapter II
Review of Related Literature/Systems
This chapter presents some ideas and views of different authors, writer and researcher
regarding crop selection and methods in planting preparations. It includes the idea of
forecasting of weather that is essential in selecting seed. This also include the conceptual
framework of the study.
Decision Support System as Tool for Selecting Crops
Identifying agricultural products plays a significant role in agriculture. This result in
increasing of crop production and much better in planning and gaining more income
(Kumar et. Al, 2015). A Decision Support System is an interactive information technology
system that aid users in creating and applying decisions (Carter et. al.1992). It responds
rapidly to any changes and specifics requirements and assist but does not automate the
process in decision making.
As agriculture is in the middle of powerful changes due to industrialization and
modernization, overall increased risk, environmental limitations and land use conflicts,
decision support systems has been the high priority for farmers, technicians and
researchers. (Mir S. A. et. Al, 2015). Because of these changes and demands, different
models has been implemented successfully. Various academic and scientific institutions
made computerized DSS as a tool of packaging biological and technical information to
become easily accessible and useful in different users in just a short span of time. There
are numerous interactive, user-friendly computer system which are becoming the rule,
rather than the exception. One of these challenges in the development of DSS is how they
will be delivered and be used by different industry and policy maker. Adding it up, adoption
to continuing climate change, process planning, hazard mitigation and new scientific
information with local and indigenous knowledge that are being pointed out for
sustainability of vulnerable areas.
In agriculture the decision support system provides assistance in terms of crop planning
and selection. It assist decision makers in understanding the decision problem as well as
the effect of choices (de Villiers, 2018).
Crop Selection and Identifying Planting Methodology
Since proper selection of crops are needed in crop management, it is important to
note that the seeds derived from the chosen crops go through the process of seed
selection. Seed selection is an essential process in crop management as it may lead to
higher yields (Morris, 1980) and better production of crops will be achieved (Titiksha, n.d.)
if healthier and high quality seeds were chosen to cultivate.
Numerous approaches were proposed and used to develop DSS but emphasize
on line on participatory decision support system development. (Churi, 2013). According to
Byjus.com, seeds selection poses a big challenge for the farmers thus it is considered as
a crucial and at the same time a vital part in planting. Since farmers are aiming to obtain
healthy crops, it is necessary that alongside the proper selection of seeds based on plant
size, quantity of grain, fruit size or color and disease resistance, the selected seeds should
have the nutrients needed for it to grow healthily. With this, farmers will be benefited with
good harvest and at the same time, good income. Good selection of seeds is also useful
in improving the quality of the crop variety.
There are different methods and practices that are being implemented which help
soil moisture and nutrients that helps improve crop productivity. Through DSS farmers
can be able to determine what method to be used under certain conditions. A good tillage
method can help improve the productivity of crops under different climate conditions
(Majule, 2010). This made farmer change tillage practices under different climate
conditions and adapt the climate.

Environment and Spatial Data for Decision Making in Crop Selection
Climate data such as humidity, temperature and solar radiation directly affect the growth
of plants. Each crop has different level of required temperature, relative humidity and solar.
(P. Taechatanasat L. Armstrong,2014). Site condition that include climatic and
physiographic factors affects the development of plants (Folledo 2001). This may also
affects the productivity and capability of crops. The practices of selecting the crop to grow
in a specific area can be determined in different factors (Majule, 2010). This include
temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind, soil, vegetation cover, radiation energy and
socioeconomic conditions of farmers. Climatic conditions determine what crops could
be grown in an area.
Environmental Factors in Crop Production
In crop production, environmental factor such as climate, soil properties
and terrain, and soil water are the one being considered to create suitable
conditions for specific crops to be grown in a specific area (N. Baker and P. Capel,
2011). There are area where it is nearly ideal for commercial agriculture. Location
where places having rugged slopes, poor soil content, insufficient or having excess
of soil water and having inhospitable climate could provide unprofitable commercial
agriculture or perhaps impossible to use as agricultural land. There are different
adaptation strategies to climate variability in crop production that are used to
mapped climatic events. Yet, it still indefinite on which strategic and tactical farm
level decisions that are useful to small scale farmers that when it comes to climatic
procedures (Churi, 2013). Rainfall is of the most complex elements of climate to
understand and model due to the complexity of atmospheric process that generate
it as well as the large range of variation over a wide scale in both space and time
(French et. Al, 1992). According to Sundaravalli (Sundaravalli and Geetha, 2017),
that predicting rainfall for crop production will help the farmers know the production
in the coming season as well as the amount of rainfall will occurs in order that the
farmers well be aware and how they will manage themselves from their heavy loss.
Rainfall is one of the primary factors that affect crop production especially in a rain-
feed agriculture (R. J. Godwin, 1990). Excessive water will result in getting rid of
the nutrients that helps the crop grow. Rainfall usually very vital when it comes to
health of plants. Too little or too much rainfall can be harmful which will result to
devastation of crops.
Weather Forecasting is an important and necessary area of investigation
in human life. Weather for future is one of the most important attributes to forecast
because agriculture sectors as well as many industries are largely dependent on
the weather conditions (Paras and Mathur, 2012). Temporal and spatial variations
in extreme precipitation events often result in serious impacts on human society
and ecological environment. And higher frequency of these extremes poses vast
catastrophic consequences, including floods, landslides, and urban waterlog (Gao
and Xie, 2014).
Prediction of weather condition are not only applied to future planning in
agriculture but are also use for navigation, defense, mountaineering and often
used in order to warn on natural disaster that may occur which caused by abrupt
changes in climate condition. The subject of prediction of monsoon-rainfall data
series seem to be complex which need to have a more thorough research (G.
Bandyopadhyay, n.d.).
Spatial Factor in Crop Production
Soil Type, Elevation and Slope of an area and Ph level are being considered in
selecting crops. Increase in slope or farm area with high elevation have similar
constraint in high latitude area which includes poor soil condition, increase of wind
velocity and decreased in temperature (Singh and Dhillon, 2004). It is these
secondary characteristics that constrain crop cultivation rather than high elevation
itself. Terrain that is too rugged (steep slopes) is not readily accessible for
mechanized agriculture. In addition, terrain indirectly effects soil formation,
modifies climates, and affects water drainage and availability. Steep slopes are
subject to soil and nutrient loss. In contrast, very flat terrain is prone to flooding
and poorly drained soils. Soil pH provides a good indication of the chemical status
of the soil and can be used in part to determine potential plant growth (Londo,
Kushla, Carter, 2006). Nutrients are most available at pH levels between 6.5 and
7.5. Nutrients in the soil may be chemically tied up or bound to soil particles and
unavailable to plants if the pH is outside this range. Individual plants have pH
preferences and grow best if planted in soils that satisfy their pH requirements.
The Integration of ICT into Agriculture
Currently, the continuous thrive and integration of ICT in agriculture had provide
better opportunities for farmers in dealing with issues and challenges on crop
management. It created a new and an improved venue for the farmers as well as with the
agricultural experts to communicate and share their respective ideas about the
development of agricultural practices. These practices would be beneficial in matters
pertaining to handling crops, its cultivation and production of high quality crops. Farmers
already have basic knowledge on the use of tradition and ICTs based communication
systems (P. Martin, 2009). But, it is not yet known on what ICT tools that are affordable
on small scale farmer in accessing this agricultural information (Churi, 2013). There are
various support system and tools that provides strategic and tactical farm decision but the
target of these tools is not on small scale farmers and workers that works at village levels.
That is why a simple an interactive applications that provide information to farmers were
not addressed properly. There is no unified framework that will supply on different users
with diverse technical and socio-economic background.
Fuzzy Logic Approach in Decision Support Systems
Fuzzy Logic is a technique in understanding, quantifying and dealing with vague,
ambiguous and uncertain characteristics, ideas and judgments (Metaxiotis, 2004). Fuzzy
logic was developed and proposed by Zadeh (Zadeh, 1965) in order to interpret vague
data which resembled linguistic and human logic form which is more closely than
conventional logical system. Fuzzy logic focuses on modelling imprecise modes of
reasoning the plays an important role in the remarkable human ability to make rational
decisions in an environment of uncertainty and imprecision. Fuzzy rules provides flexibility
in the design of a decision support model (Mark, et al., 1995). In a DSS a hierarchical rule
base can be created to reflect the hierarchical nature of the different criteria in order to
measure the supporting model sustainability. With the combination of fuzzy logic, it gives
a superior methodology which overcome problems such as the problem of non-
commensurate units, providing ranking of procedures of the solutions and the
discrimination on different attribute values.
A study being conducted by F. Jawad Et. Al denotes that a Fuzzy Logic Approach
can help the farmers to make right decisions of cultivating the appropriate crop (F. Jawad
et. Al, 2016). The use of a decision algorithms with the aid of understandable classifier to
recover the information based on the interaction of the user led to a smaller decision which
give a better test performance for classifying crops (Salleh 2013).

Related Systems
Below are the system that are related to the proposed system to be developed. These
crop selection system are being selected since it supports and provides decision when it
comes to selecting crop.
MarketLight
MarketLight by Thompson Reuters (Prakash & Velu, 2009) is a mobile application that
provide a local weather information and crop information. The application also provide
information about the market for crops. The information the system gives to the users are
the type of fertilizer to be used in the field and how deep the seed must be planted.
Because of its information from the market, the application provides profitability rate of
crops thru market prices. The application also provides mitigation of weather-related risk
thru forecasting and improved knowledge on crop cultivation through its advisory. The
system does not provide a crop calendar and other farm management practices.
Development of Web-based Decision Support System for Field-based Crop
Management
Figure 1. Data input GUI of GZ-AgriGIS

The adoption and use of a web-based system that enabled site-specific agricultural
domain knowledge and analytical models had assisted the crop management decisions
of farmers from the region of Guangzhou, China. The said system developed by Zhang
and Sha (2007) was called GZ-AgriGIS applied decision support method whose main goal
is to recommend farmers the proper crop management decision in the use of fertilizers
and irrigation in their farming methods. As the system was developed as an online service
supported by the application of agricultural domain knowledge, it allowed farmers to have
an easier means in acquiring scientific guidance on how they manage their crops
efficiently and cost-effective which would result to better productivity.
The system also uses the concept of domain knowledge wherein it is generally
represented by different but related tables in which all information such as fertilizer was
stored in a relational database. Moreover, the database expression and the logical
expression applied were needed to construct models which were used logically to build a
knowledge network. The said domain knowledge then provides answers to the queries of
the farmers on crop management through the analysis of the crop features, the
environment conditions, the possible fertilizers and the amount of fertilizer needed to be
applied on the farm field and other factors on crop management.
In summary, the system itself incorporated with domain knowledge and models as
well as the integration of GIS technology became a useful tool in assisting the farmers in
dealing with crops however, it is limited to the areas on fertilizer application and irrigation
depending on the crops cultivated.
The DSSAT cropping system model

Figure 2 . DSSAT System Main Menu Interface showing selection of a maize
nitrogen x irrigation study
The Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) is a kind of software
application program that provide around 42 crops with simulation models to help to aid
farmers for an effective use of the models. This software compromise of database
management programs for weather, crop management, soil, utilities and application
programs. The site provides an on-farm and precision management, assessment on
climate variability and climate change, water use adn long-term soil sustainability. Crop
models are being made that requires daily weather data, soil data, profile information and
detailed crop management which serves as an input. Simulations are being made prior to
planting date. DSSAT is a combination of different databases which includes crop, soil
and weather databases together with crop models and application programs in order to
generate a multi-year outcome on management of crop.
Development of an Expert System for Personalized Crop Planning

Figure 3. Output rice variety
Figure 4. Crop Calendar Example
Rice has been the most widely consumed staple food most especially in Asia. As
a matter of fact, Thailand alone cultivates more than 200 varieties of rice, each of which
have distinct properties in terms of environment adaptation.
This has become the basis for Kawtrakul, Amorntarat and Charlekha (n.d.) to
create a rice crop planning system that will be based on a knowledge engineering
approach with hybrid knowledge representation in a form of ontologies and rules. The said
system will function as a recommendation system that aimed to gain better productivity by
supporting the farmers in making crop management decisions. The system gives
suggestions regarding which variety of rice the farmer can cultivate on a particular land
area and a cop calendar generation system that will generate a schedule for farmers to
plan farm activities for effective rice growing.
In order for the system to recommend a suitable rice variety, the farmer needs to
provide all the necessary land information. The system itself will infer results based on the
land information provided by the farmers and compare it to the rule sets created by the
agricultural experts that made up the knowledge base. It was categorized into 3 classes
and that includes geographic-based rules that focuses on land information; the rice
variety-based rules that provides criteria on identifying suitable rice variety and the
temporal-based rules that were created to specify the impact of the planting period and
season to the specified rice variety as well as the risk of the yield loss from diseases, pests
and weather. Crop calendar will then be generated when all the necessary information
has been added and the rice variety has already been selected.
Furthermore, as for the system’s functionality, it was tested for verification and it
is found out that it is __ consistent on the recommendations if the experts were to give it
themselves therefore, it is proven that it could be an effective tool in assisting farmers in
their crop management decisions.
KrishiMantra: Agricultural Recommendation System

Figure 5 - Identification of nearest warehouse
Kumar, et al. (2013) developed a web-based architecture that generates
agricultural recommendations using spatial data and agricultural knowledge bases. The
said knowledge base of the system functions as a domain expert in which it provides
recommendations and creates an avenue for farmers to gain information about a specific
query that the farmer had sent in which it could be GIS data, crop knowledge base or both.
The system will then display the result of the query through a mobile device which was
based on climate conditions and geographic data. As a whole, the system will make use
of an approach that integrates the application of GIS and ontologies that composes the
system’s knowledge repositories to generate effective and fruitful recommendations for a
productive farming method.
Decision Support System for Seed Selection using Spatially-Reference Soil Data
Figure 6- Area selection screen
Figure 7 - Results form, final display
According to Patrick Martin (P. Martin, 2009) that a decision support system can
be an effective tool or method selecting seed using soil type being planted as well as the
seed characteristic. By ranking it according to its suitability, it can be a good use making
decision in the future planting session. It was also suggested that a good investigation for
investigating and making decisions for seeds selection are data that may affect the field
like weather data and satellite imagery.

FEATURES
Input Provides
System Web- Accessible
Variables Various
Based Crop to Small
(Spatial, Crop
Applicatio Calendar Scale
Environme Suggestio
n Farmer
nt, Both) ns
GZ-AgriGIS No Both No Yes No
Expert System
for Personalized No Both Yes No Yes
Crop Planning
DSSAT No Both Yes Yes No
KrishiMantra:
Agricultural
Yes Both No Yes No
Recommendation
System
SMS-based
Smarter
Agriculture
Decision Support No Both Yes Yes Yes
System for
Yellow Corn
Farmers
MarketLight No Both No Yes No
Decision Support
System for Seed
Selection Using
No Spatial No Yes Yes
Spatially
Referenced Soil
Data
Proposed
Yes Both Yes Yes Yes
System
Table 1: Comparison Matrix

Chapter III - Technical Background
In this chapter, different technicalities for the project will be discussed. It provides the
different software or hardware to be used during the development of the system. This also
includes the software to be used for data analysis and creation of the entire web
applications. Additionally, this chapter will include the conceptual framework of the project.
Figure 8 – Conceptual Framework
The proposed model will be implemented based on the conceptual framework
generated above (Figure 1). The project will be implemented as a web-based decision
support system. The system maintains an online database which stores all of the data
being inputted in the system. For climate data like precipitation and rainfall, a ten year
historical data will be used in order to predict the future climate data. Other data like spatial
data and knowledge domain will be collected on related government and private agency
for consolidation and will be inputted in the system once it is done being consolidated.
Knowledge base will also be created where all valuable resource related on crop
management and planting methodology will be stored.
The collected data from external sources will undergo analysis and reasoning in
order to give recommendations, data analytics and prediction to be used by the farmers.
Observation from the given recommendation from the system will also be gathered. Crop
information module gather all of the information like its crops attribute. This information
will undergo data mining techniques. Once these information are being analyze together
with other knowledge and data, this will be stored in databases for further usage. The
recommendation module will return recommendation based on the user inputs and gather
all of those stored information that were processed.
Software.
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is the one of the popular interpreted scripting language
which is commonly used in web applications. PHP is an open-source and free which is
hugely popular, interpreted scripting language commonly used for web applications. It is
suited for web development which provides fast, pragmatic and flexible in creating
websites. This will be used for developing the system since the project will mainly be a
web-based application.PHP code may be embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in
combination with various web template systems, web content management systems, and
web frameworks. PHP code is usually processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a
module in the web server or as a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. The web
server combines the results of the interpreted and executed PHP code, which may be any
type of data, including images, with the generated web page. PHP code may also be
executed with a command-line interface (CLI) and can be used to implement standalone
graphical applications.
Sublime Text Editor.
Sublime Text is a proprietary cross-platform source code editor with a Python application
programming interface (API). It natively supports many programming languages and
markup languages, and functions can be added by users with plugins, typically
community-built and maintained under free-software licenses.The proponent will be using
this editor since the program is easy to use and convenient and at the same time it
provides a good formatting of codes.
Codeigniter
CodeIgniter is a powerful PHP framework with a very small footprint, built for PHP coders
who need a simple and elegant toolkit to create full-featured web applications.
CodeIgniter is an Application Development Framework is aa toolkit for building web sites
using PHP. Its goal is to enable to develop projects much faster than writing code from
scratch, by providing a rich set of libraries for commonly needed tasks, as well as a simple
interface and logical structure to access these libraries. CodeIgniter creatively focus on
project by minimizing the amount of code needed for a given task. The proponent will be
using codeigniter for development of the system since it is fast reliable and at the same
time speed is significant.
MySql
MySql is an open source relational database management system (RDBMS).[6] Its name
is a combination of "My", the name of co-founder Michael Widenius's daughter,[7] and
"SQL", the abbreviation for Structured Query Language. The MySQL development project
has made its source code available under the terms of the GNU General Public License,
as well as under a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL was owned and sponsored
by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL AB, now owned by Oracle
Corporation.[8] For proprietary use, several paid editions are available, and offer additional
functionality.
WampServer
WAMPServer’ which is an open-source Windows web development environment. It comes
with a service manager as a tray icon. This enables an easy management of the server
and easy installation of multiple releases of Apache, MySQL and PHP as add-ons. With
WAMPServer the installation process is automated and you can secure your setting files
while making any changes over your web servers. You can experience a great flexibility
with ‘WAMPServers’ as enabling and disabling services of WAMPServer is just a matter
of clicks.
Microsoft Excel
Matlab
Chapter IV - Methodology
Figure 9 – Iterative and incremental Development Process
The proponent used Iterative and Incremental Development Methodology. The
Iterative and Incremental model was developed to overcome the weaknesses of the
waterfall model. It starts with an initial planning and ends with deployment with the cyclic
interactions in between. The basic idea behind this method is to develop a system through
repeated cycles (iterative) and in smaller portions at a time (incremental), allowing
software developers to take advantage of what was learned during development of earlier
parts or versions of the system (Larman and Basili, 2003).
Requirements and Planning Phase
The proponent have gone through planning in pursuing the study during the initial
stage of the development of the system. This is where the system are being planned on
how it will work and identify its possible initial functions.
During the requirements and planning phase this is where the idea of the system
were taken place. Interviews from agricultural-related offices and agencies like the
Department of Agriculture where being conducted in order to materialize the said project.
Also, research were thoroughly made and searched for related literature in order to satisfy
and support the claims.
After the planning was finished, requirements and other information were being
gathered to formulate effective models and designs. This is where the proponents will
gather appropriate tools and technique to be used.
Analysis and Design Phase
In analysis and Design Phase, the design of the system will ensure and competent
with the standards of the potential users. First thing is to understand which data and
information should be or not available in the system and must be shown in an organized
way. During this phase, the proponent analyse the data being collected and designed the
GUI needed for the user.
Data Analysis. In this phase, is where the analysis of data takes place. The
proponent gathered different data from different agency and online sources to be
used for analysis and later on for implementation. Collected data from the
Department of Science and Technology were used for to predict the future weather
values. Time series analysis will be used in predicting weather. The researcher
used time series analysis in order to predict the possible climate data on a certain
period. Time series model is used in order to analyze the past observation in order
to forecast future environmental data in Davao Oriental. Time series has four
component which includes trend, seasonality, cyclicality and irregularity
The consolidated monthly data will use Moving Average (MA[4]) Model. Moving
Average is the process of getting the average of a certain data. After getting all of
the moving average of the all the monthly data, it undergoes another moving
average specifically the Center Moving Average (CMA). By using the formula,
𝑛−1
1
𝐶𝑀𝐴 = ∑ 𝑃𝑀 − 𝑖
𝑛
𝑖=0
We can get the CMA and this is use for approximating the trend cycle component.
After all of the CMA is calculated, we get the seasonal-error component (SR) of
the series or the percent moving average. This is made by dividing the difference
data to the center moving average. The formula used is:
𝑌
𝑆𝑅 =
𝐶𝑀𝐴
where Y = data
CMA = Computed Center Moving Average
After the Seasonal Error has been computed, the unadjusted Seasonal
Index (USI) was computed. The data is arranged by month (January - December)
in order to have a single value for each month. The adjusting factor were computed
by dividing the number of months to the result of the unadjusted seasonal index
(USI) and result to adjusted seasonal index. The result of the adjusted seasonal
index was 12 since the data being study was monthly. The formula used is:
𝐴𝑆𝐼 = 𝑈𝑆𝐼 ∗ 𝐴𝐹
By deseasonalizing data, we divide the difference data to the adjusted index. This
was obtain by using the formula:
D = Y / ASI
The following computation was to get the trend values. By using Microsoft Excel
we use the regression tool to get the coefficients and derive in the equation :
𝑇𝑡 = 𝑎 + (𝑏 ∗ 𝑡)
Where Tt = trend value at period t
a = intercept value
b = slope of the trend line.
t = time
Using the trend values the forecast data were created. This is made by multiplying
the trend data values by their seasonal indices. The formula use is:
𝐹 = 𝑇 ∗ 𝐴𝑆𝐼
Lastly to get the forecasted value of a certain time, the equation generated will be
multiplied to the deseasonalized data. The result generated will be the forecasted
value of the month. Moreover, the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) will
be used in order to determine the accuracy of the forecast. The formula is:
𝑛
1 |𝑦𝑎 − 𝑦𝑓 |
𝑀𝐴𝑃𝐸 = ∑
𝑛 𝑦𝑎
𝑎=1
Where ya = Actual data
Yf = Forecasted data
N = total number of data
Fuzzy Rule-Base Modelling. In order to build the fuzzy inference system, we
need to discover the vital parameters in crop selection. We select the parameters
which are dubiousness is regularly experienced. The output of the system is the
crop to be planted in an area and planting preparation, where the main parameter
being considered are soil ph level, temperature, soil type, humidity, rainfall amount
and slope percentage. The system to be developed revolves around this
parameters.
The fuzzy inference system to be developed consist of the following:
 Transformation of crisp variables to fuzzy variables (Fuzzification)
 Setting-up fuzzy if-then rules
 Converting Fuzzy output into crisp number (Deffuzification)

Figure 10. Fuzzy Inference System Framework
Step 1: Transformation of crisp variables to fuzzy variables (Fuzzification)
We need to convert the crisp value of the input variables into a fuzzy variables
which is called fuzzification. During the fuziffication process, the proponent will
derive the membership function of each input and will be presented into a linguistic
variables. For the membership function, we are going to use trapezoidal
membership function. One of the advantage of using trapezoidal membership
function is the simplicity of it. The computation for its membership will be easy.
Trapezoidal function is defined by a lower limit a, an upper limit d, a lower support
limit b, and an upper support limit c, where a < b < c < d (Figure 11).
Figure 11. Trapezoidal membership function
Step 2: Setting-up fuzzy if-then rules
If-then rules are connected to the algorithms in order to determine the decisions,
actions, feedback or output which is based on the prevailing input information. The
if-then rules compose of two parts, where “if” part refers to the input information
which required in order to establish the degree of membership and triggers the
action “then” part of the rule (Zadeh 1988). In this project we will be using the
mamdani-type Fuzzy inference system. Example of a mandami inference system
if then rule is:
If (Soil_Type is favorable) and (ph_level is favorable) and (water_requirement is
enough) and (temperature is favourable) then (Plant is Highly Recommended).
The structure of Mamdani-type FIS If-then rules are expressed as follows:
If x1 is A1 and x2 is A2 and . . . and xn is An then y is B where x(i = 1, 2 . .
. n) are input variables and y is the output variable, then A1, A1…An and B
(linguistic terms) are used to define the fuzzy subsets membership function
distributions of the corresponding input and output variables, respectively. The
crisp output of a Mamdani-type FIS is obtained when applying the center of area
or centroid defuzzification method using equation:

Step 3: Converting Fuzzy output into crisp number (Deffuzification)
In this project the type of fuzzy inference system uses is the Mamdani-type FIS.
The crisp output of a Mamdani-type FIS can be generated by using the center of
gravity defuzzification method with an equation of:
∑𝑅1 𝑎𝑟 𝑎𝑟
𝑟=1 𝐴 .𝐶
𝑌=
∑𝑅1
𝑟=1 𝐴
𝑎𝑟
Where
Aar = is the fuzzy subset of the area of the output variable which is
expressed by a membership value obtained by rth rule under the fuzzy
inference method
Car =is the “center of the area” of the area, Aar, which can be determined by
the following equation,
Designing the System Interface. The system interface of the project is a web portal
where farmers and agriculturists can get information about the crop being suggested and
its corresponding suggestions and recommendation.
Figure 12. Add plant wireframe Initial Layout

Figure 13. Crop Analyzer Input page Initial Layout
Figure 14. Result Page Initial Layout
The above figures shows the initial layout of the system. Figure 12 shows the
possible layout in adding the plant, while figure 13 shows the input page for the crop
analyser showing the possible input for the page and on figure 14 shows the result
page when the user will submit the input to the system which includes the input details
the weather prediction and the suggested crop and their methods and preparations on
their farm.
Implementation and Testing Phase
Implementation Phase is where the creation of the system will happen. This is
where the hardware to be used, guidelines to be followed, objective to be attained, and
codes to be programmed are being organized and the building operation takes place.
Testing is the important phase because it will determine the flaws and
improvement of the system. The developer will be the one to test first the system and any
corrections will be corrected right to away. It will also be tested by others also in order to
gather comments or suggestion that will help improve the system.
System Evaluation
Evaluation of the system would be the next step after the testing where the
employee would evaluate how the system performs and functions by giving their
comments and suggestions. They will judge the system if it met the standards.
After the system has thoroughly tested and evaluated by the potential user, the
system can now be developed along with the user manual.

Chapter IV
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this chapter, all of the result from the study will be presented in the Section. The
following are the discussions on how the proponent achieved each objective mentioned in
Chapter 1. This section also will discuss the on how the proponent come up and created
the project.
To investigate the potential of a decision support system using environmental and
spatial factor in managing crop selection and planting methodology.
The researcher was able to develop a system where the environment and spatial factor
are being considered in managing crop selection and selecting the planting methodology
to be made.
To get the result of the type of crop to be selected to be planted in an area, there
are five (5) attributes that needs to be inputted by the user in order to generate a result.
This includes latitude, Longitude, soil Ph level, soil type, and target date to plant. Other
attribute like temperature, humidity and rainfall, does not need to be inputted since the
system automatically determined this attribute based on the target months to plant.
We implemented the selection through fuzzy logic approach. We have already
identified the different factor and created its membership functions. Every crops has
different membership function according to the requirement of each variables as shown
on Figure 15-20.
Figure 15. Trapezoidal membership function of Bell Pepper

Figure 16 . Trapezoidal membership function of Eggplant
Figure 17. Trapezoidal membership function of Tomato
Figure 18. Trapezoidal membership function of Lettuce

Figure 19. Trapezoidal membership function of Carrots
Figure 20. Trapezoidal membership function of Ground Peanut
We have also created the different If-then Rules which composed of 16 rules. The
following are the rules being created:
R1: IF Soil type is “not favorable” AND soil ph level is “low ph” AND temperature is
“low temp” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN Not recommended
“low temp” and rainfall requirement is “favorable” THEN Not recommended
“low temp” and rainfall requirement is “high” THEN Not recommended
“favorable” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN Not recommended

“favorable” and rainfall requirement is “favorable” fairly recommended
“favorable” and rainfall requirement is “high” THEN not recommended
“high temp” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN not recommended
“high temp” and rainfall requirement is “favorable” THEN not recommended
“high temp” and rainfall requirement is “high” THEN not recommended
R10: IF Soil type is “not favorable” AND soil ph level is “favorable” AND temperature
is “low” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN not recommended
is “low” and rainfall requirement is “favorable” THEN fairly recommended
is “low” and rainfall requirement is “high” THEN not recommended
is “favorable” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN fairly recommended
is “favorable” and rainfall requirement is “favorable” THEN not recommended
is “favorable” and rainfall requirement is “high” THEN recommended
is “high” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN fairly recommended
is “high” and rainfall requirement is “favorable” THEN fairly recommended

is “high” and rainfall requirement is “high” THEN fairly recommended
R19: IF Soil type is “not favorable” AND soil ph level is “high ph” AND temperature is
“low temp” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN not recommended
“low temp” and rainfall requirement is “favorable” THEN not recommended
“low temp” and rainfall requirement is “high” THEN not recommended
“favorable” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN not recommended
“high temp” and rainfall requirement is “favorable” THEN not recommended
R26: IF Soil type is “favorable” AND soil ph level is “low ph” AND temperature is “low
temp” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN Not recommended
temp” and rainfall requirement is “favorable” THEN fairly recommended
temp” and rainfall requirement is “high” THEN Not recommended
R29: IF Soil type is “favorable” AND soil ph level is “low ph” AND temperature is
“favorable” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN fairly recommended
“favorable” and rainfall requirement is “favorable” recommended

“favorable” and rainfall requirement is “high” THEN fairly recommended
R32: IF Soil type is “favorable” AND soil ph level is “low ph” AND temperature is “high
temp” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN not recommended
temp” and rainfall requirement is “high” THEN not recommended
R35: IF Soil type is “favorable” AND soil ph level is “favorable” AND temperature is
“low” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN fairly recommended
“low” and rainfall requirement is “favorable” THEN recommended
“low” and rainfall requirement is “high” THEN fairly recommended
“favorable” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN recommended
“favorable” and rainfall requirement is “favorable” THEN highly recommended
“favorable” and rainfall requirement is “high” THEN recommended
“high” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN fairly recommended
“high” and rainfall requirement is “favorable” THEN recommended
“high” and rainfall requirement is “high” THEN fairly recommended

R44: IF Soil type is “favorable” AND soil ph level is “high ph” AND temperature is “low
temp” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN not recommended
temp” and rainfall requirement is “high” THEN not recommended
R47: IF Soil type is “favorable” AND soil ph level is “high ph” AND temperature is
“favorable” and rainfall requirement is “low” THEN fairly recommended
“high temp” and rainfall requirement is “favorable” THEN fairly recommended
Currently, the system has 5 crops where each crop has 50 rules which gives us a total of
250 rules. We have tested the different rules in Drools in order to determine and check
the consistency of the rules. During the testing phase, test cases were submitted to the
system in order to verify all rules. All the rules were observed and has been check if there
are any conflicts of incompleteness. If problem occurs rules may be added, deleted or
adjusted as necessary.
There were different recommendation were given by the system. One of this is the
amount of water to be given to plants or the daily water requirements of plants. We use
Brinley-Cradle method in determining the water requirements for the plants.

We need the coordinate of the area since it will be used for water requirement
calculation.
Latitude North Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
South July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May June
60° .15 .20 .26 .32 .38 .41 .40 .34 .28 .22 .17 .13
55 .17 .21 .26 .32 .36 .39 .38 .33 .28 .23 .18 .16
50 .19 .23 .27 .31 .34 .36 .35 .32 .28 .24 .20 .18
45 .20 .23 .27 .30 .34 .35 .34 .32 .28 .24 .21 .20
40 .22 .24 .27 .30 .32 .34 .33 .31 .28 .25 .22 .21
35 .23 .25 .27 .29 .31 .32 .32 .30 .28 .25 .23 .22
30 .24 .25 .27 .29 .31 .32 .31 .30 .28 .26 .24 .23
25 .24 .26 .27 .29 .30 .31 .31 .29 .28 .26 .25 .24
20 .25 .26 .27 .28 .29 .30 .30 .29 .28 .26 .25 .25
15 .26 .26 .27 .28 .29 .29 .29 .28 .28 .27 .26 .25
10 .26 .27 .27 .28 .28 .29 .29 .28 .28 .27 .26 .26
5 .27 .27 .27 .28 .28 .28 .28 .28 .28 .27 .27 .27
0 .27 .27 .27 .27 .27 .27 .27 .27 .27 .27 .27 .27
Table 2 – Mean Daily percentage (p) of Annual Daytime Hours for Different
Latitudes
When the ETo was determined, we need to determine the crop factor (Kc) of a certain
crops which mainly depends on the type of crop, the growth stage of the crop and the
climate (as shown on table 3).
Crop Mid Late

Initial
Total Development season season
stage
stage stage stage
Barley/Oats/Wheat 120 15 25 50 30
150 15 30 65 40
Bean/green 75 15 25 25 10
90 20 30 30 10
Bean/dry 95 15 25 35 20
110 20 30 40 20
Cabbage 120 20 25 60 15
140 25 30 65 20
Carrot 100 20 30 30 20
150 25 35 70 20
Cotton/Flax 180 30 50 55 45
195 30 50 65 50
Cucumber 105 20 30 40 15
130 25 35 50 20
Eggplant 130 30 40 40 20
140 30 40 45 25
Grain/small 150 20 30 60 40
165 25 35 65 40
Lentil 150 20 30 60 40
170 25 35 70 40
Lettuce 75 20 30 15 10
140 35 50 45 10
Maize, sweet 80 20 25 25 10
110 20 30 50 10
Maize, grain 125 20 35 40 30
180 30 50 60 40
Melon 120 25 35 40 20
160 30 45 65 20
Millet 105 15 25 40 25
140 20 30 55 35
Onion/green 70 25 30 10 5
95 25 40 20 10
Onion/dry 150 15 25 70 40
210 20 35 110 45
Peanut/Groundnut 130 25 35 45 25
140 30 40 45 25
Pea 90 15 25 35 15
100 20 30 35 15
Pepper 120 25 35 40 20
210 30 40 110 30
Potato 105 25 30 30 20
145 30 35 50 30
Radish 35 5 10 15 5
40 10 10 15 5
Sorghum 120 20 30 40 30
130 20 35 45 30
Soybean 135 20 30 60 25
150 20 30 70 30
Spinach 60 20 20 15 5
100 20 30 40 10
Squash 95 20 30 30 15
120 25 35 35 25
Sugarbeet 160 25 35 60 40
230 45 65 80 40
Sunflower 125 20 35 45 25
130 25 35 45 25
Tomato 135 30 40 40 25
180 35 45 70 30
Table 3– Approximate Duration of Growth Stages for Various Field Crops
Predict the upcoming rainfall and precipitation of the area based on the historical
record of rainfall and precipitation data of an area to be used for supporting tools
for crop selection and planting methodology.
For the Environmental Data, datasets were gathered at the automated weather
station of Department of Science and Technology which is located at Baganga, Davao
Oriental. These data were used as a source for forecasting environmental attributes.
Datasets were consolidated in order to come up a monthly result since the data is recorded
every 15 minutes. In order to come up a daily record of data, all of the data recorded every
15 minutes were being averaged on a daily basis. And in order to get the monthly result,
the average result of the daily data were also been averaged.
There were some monthly data that were missing because according to DOST –
ASTI, there were months were the Automated Weather Station encountered problems
which resulted of uncollected data on some of the months. In order to fill the missing data,
we calculated the average of the same month where the missing data was missing.
After we have filled up all of the missing data we proceed analysing the data.
Generated Equation
Minimum Temperature Tt = 25.644 - 0.0132t

Maximum Temperature Tt = 30.079 - 0.0280t
Air Temperature Tt = 26.049 + 0.0127t
Rainfall Amount Tt = 319.680 - 2.186t
Rainfall Intensity Tt = 0.490-0.003t
Rainfall Duration Tt = 67.734-0.180t
Humidity Tt = 83.487-0.0340t
TABLE 4. The Equation of different Factors for forecasting
Generated Equation
Minimum Temperature .120 or 12%
Maximum Temperature .052 or 5.2%
Air Temperature 0.016 or 1.6%
Rainfall Amount 1.365 or 135.6%
Rainfall Intensity 10.61 or 1061%
Rainfall Duration 0.753 or 75.3%
Humidity 0.020 or 2%
TABLE 5. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error of different Factors for forecasting Data
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
MINIMUM TEMPERATURE forcasted
Figure 21. Schematic of the actual and Predicted average monthly minimum
temperature of Baganga,Davao Oriental during the Year 2012-2016
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Max Temperature Forecasted Max Temperature
Figure 22. Schematic of the actual and Predicted average monthly Maximum
temperature of Baganga,Davao Oriental during the Year 2012-2016

29
28
27
26
25
24
23
1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Air Temperature Series2
Figure 23. Schematic of the actual and Predicted average monthly Air Temperature of
Baganga, Davao Oriental during the Year 2012-2016
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11 1 3 5 7 9 11
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Rainfall Amount Forecasted Rainfall Amount
Figure 24. Schematic of the actual and Predicted Monthy Rainfall of Baganga,Davao
Oriental during the Year 2012-2016

Develop a supporting tools using spatial factor and environment factor that will
provide an integrated knowledge-base for crop selection that will suit the area and
identify what would be the best planting methodology on an area.
The system is composed of four (4) module which are the following:
Dashboard Module. In this module, it shows all of the summary and information
of the system like monthly forecast temperature, humidity and rainfall. The
dashboard also shows what are the recent activities being made in the system and
displayed who recently login the system, made a crop selection and manipulates
data from the systems like managing the plants. The dashboard module also
shows the top crop being suggested based on the result on crop selector module
and the list of crop data being stored in the systems.
Figure 25. Dashboard Screenshot
Plant Management Module. For the plant management module, this is where all
of the crop data are being inputted. Different function are included in the system
like adding new plants and editing existing plant.

Figure 26. Add new plant form
Figure 26. shows the data of plants that needs to be inputted on the system.
Plant name, Maximum and Minimum Soil PH Requirements, Minimum and
Maximum Temperature Requirements Soil requirements and Plant growth stage
data were inputted.
Figure 27. List of Plants added in the system
Crop Selector Module. In this section, this is where the identification and selection
are being made through the following input. There are six (6) parameters required
in order to provide the identification and selection function. The user will input data
in a certain area such as latitude, Longtitude, soil type, ph level, farm slope and
target planting date. The system uses fuzzy logic approach in order to identify what
crop is the most suitable in the area.
Figure 28. Crop Selector Input Page
Figure 29. Result Page showing the predicted weather on a specified dates and
crop being suggested

Figure 30. Result Page showing the suggested planting preparation of a
crop
Figure 29 shows the result page for the crop selector. This page shows the
data being inputted in the system. The page also show the predicted weather
details based on the target planting date. Weather details includes the minimum
temperature, maximum temperature, temperature, rainfall amount, rainfall intensity
and humidity. Also on figure 30, the result page the plant being suggested and
shows the amount of water to be given to plants, some basic information about the
plants and the different preparation to be made considering the different factor
being inputted.
Environmental Forecaster Module. In this module this will only display the
weather prediction within the province of Davao Oriental.

Figure 31. Environmental Forecast Page showing a 5-month prediction of
weather
Figure 31 shows the page of the forecasted weather. A five-month prediction being
shown on the page based on the current month of the day.
Determine the following attribute that would best fit for selection of crops and
planting methodology.
As the progress of the development of the system, the following attribute were already
determined for crop selection. Environment and Spatial attribute were being determined
with the following specific attributes:
 Spatial Attribute Data
o Soil Type
o Latitude/Longitude of an Area
o Ph Level
o Land Elevation
 Environment Attribute Data
o Rainfall amount
o Air Temperature (Maximum and Minimum Temperature)

o Humidity
o Rainfall
Chapter V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary of the research, the conclusion drawn and
recommendations for future researches with similar topic and concerns.
Summary
As stated on Chapter 1, the aim of the study is to develop a web-based decision support
system that will be used for selecting appropriate crop to be planted in an area.
Moreover, the study aims to achieve the following objective:
 To investigate the potential of a decision support system using environmental
and spatial factor in managing crop selection and planting methodology.
 Predict the upcoming rainfall and precipitation of the area based on the
historical record of rainfall and precipitation data of an area to be used for
supporting tools for crop selection and planting methodology.
 Develop a supporting tools using spatial factor and environment factor that will
provide an integrated knowledge-base for crop selection that will suit the area
and identify what would be the best planting methodology on an area.
 Determine the following attribute that would best fit for selection of crops and
planting methodology.
The study was designed to aid the farmer in decision making process when it comes to
crop selection. Environment and Spatial Factor were being considered in order to provide
a selected crop output. Fuzzy logic were being used for crop selection and time series
analysis for predicting the weather data. The output result were daily water needs of
plants, plant preparation and preparation of land according to the input factors.
Conclusion
It appears that having a decision support system in selecting crops in a farm area may
lead to an effective method in order to select appropriate crops based on spatial and
environment attributes of an area. This includes land elevation, soil ph level, soil type of
an area, rainfall amount, maximum and minimum temperature.
In connection with the development of the system, the system demonstrated the ability to
solve problem like selecting the suitable crops to be planted on the area. By providing a
list of crops to the end user, the system delivers an aid in crop planning and decision
making for their desired planting date.
Recommendation
Throughout the development of the system, there are several recommendation being
made for future study which are the following:
1. Optimum yield of crops and market profitability should be considered. Despite that
the system can recognize what would be the suitable crops to be planted in an
area, yield and profit generation are also the factors that the farmer or agriculturist
are being considered.
2. In forecasting weather, a thorough study should be made in order to know what
would be the most suitable weather model to be used in order to provide a more
accurate result.
3. Other factors like soil properties nutrition and composition like nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur should also be
considered or other additional soil characteristic should be considered in order to
enhance the recommendation capability of the system. Additional plant attribute
like drought tolerance can also be considered. Other factor may also be
considered like
4. It is also recommended that the system can also provide recommendation for pest
management.
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Table 6. Consolidated Monthly Data Automated Weather Station of Baganga, Davao Oriental from January, 2012 – September 2016
HUMIDITY (%)
TEMPERATU
TEMPERATU
TEMPERATU
DIRECTION
PRESSURE
INTENSITY
DURATION
MAXIMUM
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
RAINFALL
MINIMUM
AMOUNT
RE (Â°C)
(mm/hr)
Month
WIND
(hPa)
(mm)
(sec)
Year
(Â°)
AIR
AIR
AIR
RE
RE
2012 1 24.05 29.09 382.61 1.0462398 89.65349349 25.43256972 1008.18282 202.4248322 86.57483271
2012 2 27.72068966 29.14827586 401.71 0.5858853 80.88966537 25.53963096 1008.226731 197.0461128 85.63005483
2012 3 25.00645161 29.52258065 321.97 0.4603045 54.91353908 25.65496636 1008.350736 191.8114654 85.90228392
2012 4 24.65666667 29.78666667 390.67 0.4763542 80.20138889 25.91909722 1009.532739 192.5777778 86.086875
2012 5 27.49354839 30.83548387 158.06 0.2139566 35.4791002 26.44093343 1007.295841 202.1482822 83.38224898
2012 6 25.74 31.1 72.36 0.1009949 35.9307383 26.49942982 1042.176991 201.948761 82.7139777
2012 7 24.26129032 30.67419355 92.76 0.1090317 36.82118897 26.3288275 1006.698932 200.61813 82.87451071
2012 8 28.31290323 31.31290323 72.74 0.1241541 16.86140429 26.55456069 1007.851698 210.7763337 81.00275337
2012 9 25.20666667 30.31333333 103.74 0.1335157 35.25383772 26.26711623 1007.447717 207.4882456 82.67871971
2012 10 24.27096774 30.4 231.39 0.2861923 47.06653226 26.16201604 1007.843672 192.3718838 84.15062429
2012 11 24.99333333 29.79333333 627.31 0.8920797 87.8503655 25.73372442 1008.837289 184.5700804 85.81832456
2012 12 25.82903226 29.67096774 766.83 1.0435827 82.37364749 26.6287413 1007.275082 208.041542 82.85445893
2013 1 24.7 25 0.01 0.0666667 30 24.85 1008.08125 277.5 86.875
2013 2
2013 3
2013 4
2013 5
2013 6
2013 7 22.90416667 30.39166667 128.39 0.2266807 53.97908198 26.49232389 1007.208483 222.6044921 81.74002207
2013 8 23.19354839 30.10967742 188.25 0.2554645 58.89140228 26.27133066 1008.024046 229.8297997 81.87022433
2013 9 27.15333333 30.96333333 77.94 0.1010479 14.27803363 26.95301206 1007.188625 228.1899452 79.44570541
2013 10 28.03870968 30.69354839 429.01 0.5959274 44.09096207 26.64494306 1007.554069 211.1538166 80.52285132
2013 11 28.78666667 29.85333333 417.89 0.5951031 78.25840643 26.09201572 1007.875789 219.9461623 83.82854934
2013 12 28.01935484 29.99677419 264.59 0.3933436 49.25736187 26.28315409 1007.687496 215.5155422 83.07508121
2014 1 27.22580645 26.00322581 903.7 1.4615025 147.3294015 25.41310126 1008.296605 190.6020312 79.75573029
2014 2 27.00714286 28.60357143 388.66 0.6557941 82.91500443 25.47284226 1009.771366 222.5166303 80.33208982
2014 3 29.10322581 29.07741935 476.89 0.6632955 76.45575127 25.84017261 1009.585694 207.3065825 82.76737408
2014 4 25.76666667 30.32666667 262.54 0.4268816 39.79265477 26.64747274 1008.437135 199.7330397 82.04604199
2014 5 24.84516129 31.09032258 196.96 0.2556789 36.94244011 26.96276988 1009.074135 226.087902 82.45812323
2014 6 26.30666667 31.17 110.74 0.1646254 46.37468194 27.15276066 1006.835925 226.3115799 82.14029169
2014 7 26.71612903 31.33225806 113.76 0.1225862 29.48815637 26.8725656 1006.902617 226.4059874 81.26389185
2014 8 23.35806452 30.54193548 49.18 0.1014236 15.2076079 26.78910186 1008.700939 220.4566621 80.25718875
2014 9 23.92333333 27.33666667 113.17 0.2329224 40.04325202 26.66698951 1008.119793 222.3128097 81.57471844
2014 10 24.32903226 30.60322581 226.79 0.3868507 40.47343941 26.75409381 1006.920329 214.6071735 82.49745415
2014 11 23.65666667 30.16 480.9 0.6803885 68.07103518 26.3356453 1008.528829 215.4230855 83.82960833
2014 12 24.20967742 29.60645161 568.97 0.898413 96.09439243 26.12282727 1007.91918 220.1159347 84.25444798
2015 1 23.90967742 28.21935484 243.21 0.5164975 68.56886341 26.10136543 1009.953916 206.9001657 81.75537236
2015 2 26.44642857 28.67142857 159.88 0.2363379 42.59649121 25.82707536 1011.308339 196.9218686 80.41202791
2015 3 27.25806452 28.76129032 240.17 0.4702476 84.49394565 25.92795316 1011.884084 195.1389457 81.05269376
2015 4 23.8 28.10666667 173.69 0.3467684 64.13487853 27.20428524 1009.982358 178.6893823 79.00592812
2015 5 26.6 31.07096774 39.45 0.0024659 34.3765537 28.18208145 1009.715958 185.0479528 76.77342907
2015 6 28.14333333 27.80333333 122.97 0.1325123 411.280572 27.25487617 1008.22051 217.6443677 81.18542413
2015 7 23.67741935 15.16451613 22.68 0.0698797 16.24707093 27.17052914 1008.410212 218.0106477 78.38617054
2015 8 25.84193548 30.53548387 61.96 0.1137989 52.67131794 26.75321395 1008.048921 230.2965215 81.48020927
2015 9 28.14666667 30.40333333 212.41 0.3639127 58.18193838 26.69026852 1008.742917 222.5282867 83.25094593
2015 10 24.0516129 30.12258065 137.69 0.1221527 25.54112434 26.60841757 1009.097315 229.177272 82.06738703
2015 11 25.22666667 25.67666667 355.4 0.5856102 66.24202682 26.38913869 1009.333432 217.4998118 85.34827769
2015 12 29 22.29032258 119.97 0.4063504 47.49342527 26.62520195 1009.224518 204.8431547 83.56452625
2016 1 24.47419355 24.57333333 187.56 0.3366305 67.56711353 26.02433387 1012.1119 194.0862413 82.36138776
2016 2 23.7862069 1.965517241 0 0 0 27.425 1011.6137 103 79.875
2016 3 28.63225806 0 0
2016 4 25.70333333 0 0
2016 5 24.22903226 0 0
2016 6 28.52666667 0 0
2016 7 25.86451613 12.79677419 50.74 0.1349705 36.75967147 26.59035698 1005.148661 216.3247399 83.07113396
2016 8 22.72258065 28.19032258 22.39 0.0486335 13.27102366 27.16605136 1007.244872 226.8898498 83.02300723
2016 9 27.41111111 31.36666667 488.99 0.834983 35.94355325 26.59295325 1004.58565 233.1106039 83.42135165
Time Year Month MINIMUM MA(4) CMA (4) SI ST ST Deseasonalize Tt forecast
TEMP
1 2012 1 24.05 0.97914 24.56237 25.63 25.09648
2 2 27.72068966 1.021397 27.13996 25.62 26.16606
3 3 25.00645161 25.358452 25.7889 0.97 1.025569 24.38301 25.60 26.25933
4 4 24.65666667 26.2193391 25.97175 0.95 0.965414 25.53998 25.59 24.70631
5 5 27.49354839 25.7241667 25.63102 1.07 0.97914 28.07928 25.58 25.04459
6 6 25.74 25.5378763 25.99491 0.99 1.019625 25.24457 25.56 26.06662
7 7 24.26129032 26.4519355 26.16608 0.93 0.856224 28.33522 25.55 21.87794
8 8 28.31290323 25.8802151 25.69659 1.10 1.024937 27.62403 25.54 26.17527
9 9 25.20666667 25.512957 25.60446 0.98 1.037547 24.29449 25.53 26.48355
10 10 24.27096774 25.6959677 25.38548 0.96 0.988888 24.5437 25.51 25.22841
11 11 24.99333333 25.075 25.01167 1.00 1.012958 24.67362 25.50 25.82907
12 12 25.82903226 24.9483333 25.29672 1.02 0.995966 25.93365 25.49 25.38261
13 2013 1 24.7 25.6451132 25.91019 0.95 0.97914 25.22622 25.47 24.94081
14 2 27.05808703 26.1752744 26.03928 1.04 1.021397 26.49124 25.46 26.00367
15 3 27.11397849 25.9032942 26.10491 1.04 1.025569 26.43799 25.45 26.09628
16 4 24.74111111 26.30652 26.25134 0.94 0.965414 25.62745 25.43 24.55282
17 5 26.31290323 26.1961649 25.61821 1.03 0.97914 26.87348 25.42 24.88893
18 6 26.61666667 25.0402509 24.84681 1.07 1.019625 26.10436 25.41 25.90452
19 7 22.49032258 24.6533602 24.75841 0.91 0.856224 26.26688 25.39 21.74181
20 8 23.19354839 24.8634677 25.04122 0.93 1.024937 22.62923 25.38 26.01232
21 9 27.15333333 25.2189785 26.00602 1.04 1.037547 26.17071 25.37 26.31859
22 10 28.03870968 26.7930645 27.39629 1.02 0.988888 28.35379 25.35 25.0712
23 11 28.78666667 27.9995161 27.85575 1.03 1.012958 28.41843 25.34 25.66802
24 12 28.01935484 27.7119892 27.58304 1.02 0.995966 28.13284 25.33 25.22426
25 2014 1 26.00322581 27.4540975 27.49044 0.95 0.97914 26.55721 25.31 24.78515
26 2 27.00714286 27.5267857 27.2452 0.99 1.021397 26.44137 25.30 25.84128
27 3 29.07741935 26.9636137 26.81886 1.08 1.025569 28.35248 25.29 25.93323
28 4 25.76666667 26.6740975 26.58654 0.97 0.965414 26.68975 25.27 24.39934
29 5 24.84516129 26.4989785 26.20382 0.95 0.97914 25.37447 25.26 24.73326
30 6 26.30666667 25.9086559 25.60758 1.03 1.019625 25.80033 25.25 25.74241
31 7 26.71612903 25.3065054 25.19128 1.06 0.856224 31.20228 25.23 21.60568
32 8 23.35806452 25.0760484 24.82884 0.94 1.024937 22.78975 25.22 25.84937
33 9 23.92333333 24.5816398 24.19921 0.99 1.037547 23.05759 25.21 26.15364
34 10 24.32903226 23.8167742 23.92323 1.02 0.988888 24.60242 25.19 24.91398
35 11 23.65666667 24.0296774 24.02797 0.98 1.012958 23.35405 25.18 25.50698
36 12 24.20967742 24.0262634 24.29094 1.00 0.995966 24.30773 25.17 25.06592
37 2015 1 23.90967742 24.5556125 25.00579 0.96 0.97914 24.41906 25.15 24.62948
38 2 26.44642857 25.455962 25.40475 1.04 1.021397 25.8924 25.14 25.6789
39 3 27.25806452 25.3535426 25.68983 1.06 1.025569 26.57849 25.13 25.77018
40 4 23.8 26.0261233 26.19574 0.91 0.965414 24.65263 25.11 24.24585
41 5 26.6 26.3653495 24.85366 1.07 0.97914 27.1667 25.10 24.57759
42 6 27.80333333 23.3419624 23.5972 1.18 1.019625 27.26819 25.09 25.58031
43 7 15.16451613 23.8524462 24.04578 0.63 0.856224 17.71093 25.07 21.46956
44 8 25.84193548 24.2391129 23.77015 1.09 1.024937 25.21318 25.06 25.68642
45 9 28.14666667 23.3011828 24.55895 1.15 1.037547 27.12809 25.05 25.98869
46 10 24.0516129 25.8167204 25.37277 0.95 0.988888 24.32189 25.03 24.75676
47 11 25.22666667 24.9288172 24.38306 1.03 1.012958 24.90397 25.02 25.34593
48 12 22.29032258 23.8373118 23.80414 0.94 0.995966 22.38061 25.01 24.90758
49 2016 1 23.78064516 23.7709603 24.00687 0.99 0.97914 24.28728 25.00 24.47381
50 2 23.7862069 24.2427883 24.54914 0.97 1.021397 23.28791 24.98 25.51651
51 3 27.11397849 24.8554854 25.17202 1.08 1.025569 26.43799 24.97 25.60713
52 4 24.74111111 25.4885499 25.84236 0.96 0.965414 25.62745 24.96 24.09236
53 5 26.31290323 26.1961649 24.40651 1.08 0.97914 26.87348 24.94 24.42192
54 6 26.61666667 22.6168638 22.36455 1.19 1.019625 26.10436 24.93 25.4182
55 7 12.79677419 22.1122312 22.24951 0.58 0.856224 14.9456 24.92 21.33343
56 8 22.72258065 22.3867832 22.20627 1.02 1.024937 22.16972 24.90 25.52347
57 9 27.41111111 22.0257616 23.63439 1.16 1.037547 26.41916 24.89 25.82373
58 10 25.17258065 25.2430264 25.53859 0.99 0.988888 25.45545 24.88 24.59954
59 11 25.66583333 25.8341555 1.012958 25.33752 24.86 25.18489
60 12 25.08709677 0.995966 25.18871 24.85 24.74923
Table 7. Minimum Temperature
Time Year Month MAXIMUM MA(4) CMA (4) SI ST ST Deseasonali Tt forecast
TEMP ze
1 2012 1 29.09 0.93127 31.2369 30.05196 27.9865
2 2 29.15 0.98929 29.46384 30.02444 29.70287
3 3 29.52 29.387 29.605 0.997214 1.008708 29.26771 29.99692 30.25814
4 4 29.79 29.823 30.067 0.990669 0.991179 30.05175 29.9694 29.70504
5 5 30.84 30.311 30.455 1.012489 1.046238 29.47272 29.94189 31.32634
6 6 31.10 30.599 30.790 1.010073 1.022626 30.41189 29.91437 30.59122
7 7 30.67 30.981 30.915 0.992199 0.914321 33.5486 29.88685 27.32617
8 8 31.31 30.850 30.763 1.017888 1.026098 30.51647 29.85933 30.63861
9 9 30.31 30.675 30.565 0.991766 1.014819 29.87068 29.83181 30.27389
10 10 30.40 30.455 30.250 1.00497 1.021714 29.75391 29.8043 30.45148
11 11 29.79 30.044 29.380 1.01406 0.987089 30.18304 29.77678 29.39232
12 12 29.67 28.716 28.517 1.040464 1.040147 28.52575 29.74926 30.9436
13 2013 1 25.00 28.318 28.235 0.885427 0.93127 26.84505 29.72174 27.67897
14 2 28.81 28.152 28.119 1.024498 0.98929 29.11963 29.69422 29.37619
15 3 29.13 28.086 28.836 1.010171 1.008708 28.87756 29.6667 29.92505
16 4 29.41 29.586 29.752 0.988398 0.991179 29.66837 29.63919 29.37774
17 5 31.00 29.918 29.218 1.060949 1.046238 29.62894 29.61167 30.98085
18 6 30.14 28.518 28.606 1.053548 1.022626 29.47096 29.58415 30.25353
19 7 23.53 28.694 28.689 0.82013 0.914321 25.73389 29.55663 27.02425
20 8 30.11 28.685 28.754 1.047132 1.026098 29.34385 29.52911 30.29978
21 9 30.96 28.824 29.614 1.045549 1.014819 30.51119 29.5016 29.93878
22 10 30.69 30.405 30.391 1.00996 1.021714 30.04122 29.47408 30.11409
23 11 29.85 30.377 29.910 0.99812 0.987089 30.24382 29.44656 29.06636
24 12 30.00 29.442 29.181 1.027951 1.040147 28.83898 29.41904 30.60012
25 2014 1 27.23 28.920 28.826 0.944484 0.93127 29.23513 29.39152 27.37145
26 2 28.60 28.732 28.774 0.994091 0.98929 28.91324 29.36401 29.04951
27 3 29.10 28.815 29.298 0.993356 1.008708 28.85197 29.33649 29.59196
28 4 30.33 29.781 30.102 1.007472 0.991179 30.59656 29.30897 29.05043
29 5 31.09 30.423 30.701 1.012675 1.046238 29.7163 29.28145 30.63537
30 6 31.17 30.980 31.007 1.005266 1.022626 30.48035 29.25393 29.91584
31 7 31.33 31.034 30.564 1.025122 0.914321 34.26834 29.22641 26.72232
32 8 30.54 30.095 30.024 1.017238 1.026098 29.76511 29.1989 29.96094
33 9 27.34 29.954 29.807 0.917123 1.014819 26.93748 29.17138 29.60367
34 10 30.60 29.660 29.544 1.035869 1.021714 29.95282 29.14386 29.7767
35 11 30.16 29.427 29.537 1.021095 0.987089 30.5545 29.11634 28.74041
36 12 29.61 29.647 29.406 1.006824 1.040147 28.46372 29.08882 30.25665
37 2015 1 28.22 29.164 28.989 0.973435 0.93127 30.302 29.06131 27.06393
38 2 28.67 28.815 28.627 1.001546 0.98929 28.98183 29.03379 28.72283
39 3 28.76 28.440 28.796 0.99879 1.008708 28.51299 29.00627 29.25887
40 4 28.11 29.153 29.087 0.966311 0.991179 28.3568 28.97875 28.72313
41 5 31.07 29.021 28.385 1.094623 1.046238 29.6978 28.95123 30.28988
42 6 28.14 27.750 28.053 1.003213 1.022626 27.52065 28.92372 29.57815
43 7 23.68 28.357 28.273 0.837447 0.914321 25.89618 28.8962 26.4204
44 8 30.54 28.190 28.437 1.073783 1.026098 29.75883 28.86868 29.62211
45 9 30.40 28.685 28.935 1.05076 1.014819 29.95936 28.84116 29.26856
46 10 30.12 29.185 28.993 1.038975 1.021714 29.48239 28.81364 29.43931
47 11 25.68 28.801 28.060 0.915079 0.987089 26.01252 28.78613 28.41446
48 12 29.00 27.318 26.720 1.085347 1.040147 27.88068 28.75861 29.91317
49 2016 1 24.47 26.121 26.552 0.921736 0.93127 26.28044 28.73109 26.75641
50 2 25.33 26.984 27.035 0.937024 0.98929 25.60637 28.70357 28.39615
51 3 29.13 27.086 27.901 1.04401 1.008708 28.87756 28.67605 28.92577
52 4 29.41 28.717 29.317 1.003045 0.991179 29.66837 28.64853 28.39582
53 5 31.00 29.918 29.510 1.050454 1.046238 29.62894 28.62102 29.9444
54 6 30.14 29.102 28.950 1.041031 1.022626 29.47096 28.5935 29.24046
55 7 25.86 28.798 28.844 0.896708 0.914321 28.28822 28.56598 26.11848
56 8 28.19 28.890 28.929 0.974451 1.026098 27.47331 28.53846 29.28327
57 9 31.37 28.969 29.345 1.068898 1.014819 30.90863 28.51094 28.93345
58 10 30.45 29.721 29.893 1.018797 1.021714 29.80759 28.48343 29.10193
59 11 28.87 30.065 0.987089 29.24847 28.45591 28.0885
60 12 29.57 1.040147 28.42728 28.42839 29.5697
Table 8. Maximum Temperature
time Year Month air Temp MA(4) CMA (4) SI ST ST Deseaso Tt forecast
nalized
1 2012 1 25.43256972 0.983636 25.85566 26.0618 25.63533

2 2 25.53963096 1.00197 25.48942 26.07446 26.12582
3 3 25.65496636 25.63657 25.76261153 0.995822 0.985587 26.03013 26.08712 25.71113
4 4 25.91909722 25.88866 26.00863185 0.996558 1.002755 25.84788 26.09977 26.17169
5 5 26.44093343 26.12861 26.21283935 1.008702 1.016514 26.01137 26.11243 26.54366
6 6 26.49942982 26.29707 26.37650493 1.00466 1.003503 26.40694 26.12509 26.2166
7 7 26.3288275 26.45594 26.43421071 0.996013 0.995162 26.45683 26.13775 26.01129
8 8 26.55456069 26.41248 26.37030684 1.006987 1.000383 26.54439 26.15041 26.16043
9 9 26.26711623 26.32813 26.25374223 1.000509 1.002255 26.20802 26.16306 26.22206
10 10 26.16201604 26.17935 26.18862692 0.998984 1.002773 26.08968 26.17572 26.2483
11 11 25.73372442 26.1979 26.02075997 0.988969 0.993657 25.898 26.18838 26.02227
12 12 26.6287413 25.84362 25.77501629 1.033122 1.011569 26.3242 26.20104 26.50415
13 2013 1 24.85 25.70641 25.71565876 0.966337 0.983636 25.2634 26.21369 25.78474
14 2 25.61318286 25.72491 25.72009836 0.995843 1.00197 25.56283 26.22635 26.27802
15 3 25.80769738 25.71529 26.00844902 0.992281 0.985587 26.1851 26.23901 25.86083
16 4 26.59028507 26.30161 26.47108664 1.004503 1.002755 26.51722 26.25167 26.324
17 5 27.19526159 26.64057 26.72614488 1.017553 1.016514 26.75344 26.26433 26.69807
18 6 26.96902222 26.81172 26.77185389 1.007365 1.003503 26.87489 26.27698 26.36902
19 7 26.49232389 26.73198 26.7017034 0.992159 0.995162 26.62112 26.28964 26.16245
20 8 26.27133066 26.67142 26.63091231 0.986498 1.000383 26.26127 26.3023 26.31238
21 9 26.95301206 26.5904 26.54036389 1.015548 1.002255 26.89238 26.31496 26.37429
22 10 26.64494306 26.49033 26.4918033 1.005781 1.002773 26.57127 26.32762 26.40061
23 11 26.09201572 26.49328 26.30079238 0.992062 0.993657 26.25857 26.34027 26.1732
24 12 26.28315409 26.1083 25.96179093 1.012378 1.011569 25.98257 26.35293 26.6578
25 2014 1 25.41310126 25.81528 25.78379794 0.985623 0.983636 25.83587 26.36559 25.93415
26 2 25.47284226 25.75232 25.79785739 0.987401 1.00197 25.42276 26.37825 26.43021
27 3 25.84017261 25.8434 26.0371058 0.992436 0.985587 26.21805 26.3909 26.01054
28 4 26.64747274 26.23081 26.44080417 1.007816 1.002755 26.57425 26.40356 26.47631
29 5 26.96276988 26.65079 26.7798431 1.006831 1.016514 26.52473 26.41622 26.85247
30 6 27.15276066 26.90889 26.92659586 1.008399 1.003503 27.05799 26.42888 26.52145
31 7 26.8725656 26.9443 26.90732695 0.998708 0.995162 27.00321 26.44154 26.31361
32 8 26.78910186 26.87035 26.82052105 0.998829 1.000383 26.77884 26.45419 26.46433
33 9 26.66698951 26.77069 26.70357266 0.99863 1.002255 26.607 26.46685 26.52653
34 10 26.75409381 26.63646 26.5531733 1.007567 1.002773 26.68012 26.47951 26.55293
35 11 26.3356453 26.46989 26.39918596 0.997593 0.993657 26.50376 26.49217 26.32413
36 12 26.12282727 26.32848 26.21260564 0.996575 1.011569 25.82407 26.50483 26.81146
37 2015 1 26.10136543 26.09673 26.04576682 1.002135 0.983636 26.53558 26.51748 26.08356
38 2 25.82707536 25.99481 26.12998755 0.988407 1.00197 25.7763 26.53014 26.5824
39 3 25.92795316 26.26517 26.5252593 0.977482 0.985587 26.30711 26.5428 26.16024
40 4 27.20428524 26.78535 26.9638239 1.008918 1.002755 27.12954 26.55546 26.62862
41 5 28.18208145 27.1423 27.297621 1.032401 1.016514 27.72423 26.56811 27.00687
42 6 27.25487617 27.45294 27.39655909 0.994828 1.003503 27.15975 26.58077 26.67387
43 7 27.17052914 27.34018 27.15369856 1.00062 0.995162 27.30262 26.59343 26.46477
44 8 26.75321395 26.96722 26.88641462 0.995046 1.000383 26.74296 26.60609 26.61628
45 9 26.69026852 26.80561 26.70793349 0.999339 1.002255 26.63022 26.61875 26.67876
46 10 26.60841757 26.61026 26.59425818 1.000532 1.002773 26.53485 26.6314 26.70524
47 11 26.38913869 26.57826 26.49501485 0.996004 0.993657 26.55759 26.64406 26.47506
48 12 26.62520195 26.41177 26.51384582 1.0042 1.011569 26.3207 26.65672 26.96511
49 2016 1 26.02433387 26.61592 26.54323846 0.980451 0.983636 26.45727 26.66938 26.23297
50 2 27.425 26.47056 26.46619369 1.036228 1.00197 27.37108 26.68203 26.7346
51 3 25.80769738 26.46183 26.60819504 0.969915 0.985587 26.1851 26.69469 26.30995
52 4 26.59028507 26.75456 26.69756378 0.995982 1.002755 26.51722 26.70735 26.78094
53 5 27.19526159 26.64057 26.73839901 1.017086 1.016514 26.75344 26.72001 27.16127
54 6 26.96902222 26.83623 26.90820225 1.00226 1.003503 26.87489 26.73267 26.8263
55 7 26.59035698 26.98017 26.90488449 0.98831 0.995162 26.71963 26.74532 26.61593
56 8 27.16605136 26.8296 26.77626413 1.014557 1.000383 27.15564 26.75798 26.76824
57 9 26.59295325 26.72293 26.66634156 0.997248 1.002255 26.53313 26.77064 26.831
58 10 26.54236762 26.60975 26.51586704 1.000999 1.002773 26.46898 26.7833 26.85756
59 11 26.13763103 26.42198 26.42198326 0.989238 0.993657 26.30448 26.79596 26.62599
60 12 26.41498115 1.011569 26.11288 26.80861 27.11876
Table 9. Air Temperature
time Year Month RAINFALL MA(4) CMA (4) SI ST ST Deseaso Tt forecast
AMT (mm) nalize
1 2012 1 382.61 0.918258 416.6693 317.4925 291.5401
2 2 401.71 0.616224 651.89 315.307 194.2996
3 3 321.97 374.24 346.1713 0.9300888 1.312399 245.3294 313.1214 410.9401
4 4 390.67 318.1025 276.9338 1.4106984 1.195969 326.6558 310.9358 371.8695
5 5 158.06 235.765 207.1138 0.7631555 0.691727 228.5004 308.7503 213.571
6 6 72.36 178.4625 138.7213 0.5216216 0.908353 79.66063 306.5647 278.4691
7 7 92.76 98.98 92.19 1.0061829 0.747776 124.0478 304.3791 227.6074
8 8 72.74 85.4 105.2788 0.6909277 0.594918 122.2689 302.1936 179.7805
9 9 103.74 125.1575 191.9763 0.5403793 0.967527 107.2219 300.008 290.2657
10 10 231.39 258.795 345.5563 0.669616 0.873072 265.0296 297.8224 260.0205
11 11 627.31 432.3175 419.3513 1.4959059 1.402453 447.2949 295.6368 414.6168
12 12 766.83 406.385 417.055 1.8386784 1.139019 673.2372 293.4513 334.2466
13 2013 1 0.01 427.725 392.6042 2.547E-05 0.918258 0.01089 291.2657 267.4571
14 2 316.75 357.4833 296.0838 1.0697987 0.616224 514.018 289.0801 178.138
15 3 346.3433333 234.6842 251.1192 1.3791991 1.312399 263.901 286.8946 376.52
16 4 275.6333333 267.5542 240.7133 1.1450688 1.195969 230.4687 284.709 340.503
17 5 131.49 213.8725 186.6283 0.7045554 0.691727 190.0893 282.5234 195.4292
18 6 102.0233333 159.3842 148.4613 0.6872051 0.908353 112.3168 280.3379 254.6458
19 7 128.39 137.5383 130.8446 0.9812405 0.747776 171.6958 278.1523 207.9956
20 8 188.25 124.1508 165.0242 1.140742 0.594918 316.4301 275.9667 164.1776
21 9 77.94 205.8975 242.085 0.321953 0.967527 80.55593 273.7812 264.8905
22 10 429.01 278.2725 287.815 1.4905755 0.873072 491.3797 271.5956 237.1226
23 11 417.89 297.3575 400.5775 1.0432189 1.402453 297.9708 269.41 377.8349
24 12 264.59 503.7975 498.7538 0.5305023 1.139019 232.2964 267.2244 304.3737
25 2014 1 903.7 493.71 501.085 1.8034864 0.918258 984.1458 265.0389 243.3741
26 2 388.66 508.46 508.2038 0.764772 0.616224 630.7127 262.8533 161.9764
27 3 476.89 507.9475 419.605 1.1365213 1.312399 363.3728 260.6677 342.1
28 4 262.54 331.2625 296.5225 0.8853966 1.195969 219.5208 258.4822 309.1365
29 5 196.96 261.7825 216.3913 0.9102032 0.691727 284.7364 256.2966 177.2874
30 6 110.74 171 144.33 0.7672695 0.908353 121.9129 254.111 230.8226
31 7 113.76 117.66 107.1863 1.0613302 0.747776 152.1311 251.9255 188.3838
32 8 49.18 96.7125 111.2188 0.4421916 0.594918 82.66683 249.7399 148.5748
33 9 113.17 125.725 171.6175 0.6594316 0.967527 116.9684 247.5543 239.5154
34 10 226.79 217.51 282.4838 0.8028426 0.873072 259.7609 245.3687 214.2246
35 11 480.9 347.4575 363.7125 1.3221982 1.402453 342.8992 243.1832 341.0529
36 12 568.97 379.9675 371.6038 1.5311202 1.139019 499.5263 240.9976 274.5009
37 2015 1 243.21 363.24 333.1488 0.7300343 0.918258 264.8601 238.812 219.2911
38 2 159.88 303.0575 253.6475 0.6303236 0.616224 259.4513 236.6265 145.8148
39 3 240.17 204.2375 178.7675 1.3434769 1.312399 183.0008 234.4409 307.6799
40 4 173.69 153.2975 148.6838 1.1681841 1.195969 145.2296 232.2553 277.7701
41 5 39.45 144.07 116.8838 0.3375148 0.691727 57.03113 230.0698 159.1456
42 6 122.97 89.6975 75.73125 1.6237683 0.908353 135.3768 227.8842 206.9994
43 7 22.68 61.765 83.385 0.2719914 0.747776 30.32994 225.6986 168.772
44 8 61.96 105.005 106.845 0.5799055 0.594918 104.1488 223.513 132.972
45 9 212.41 108.685 150.275 1.4134753 0.967527 219.5392 221.3275 214.1402
46 10 137.69 191.865 199.1163 0.6915056 0.873072 157.7075 219.1419 191.3267
47 11 355.4 206.3675 203.2613 1.7484887 1.402453 253.4131 216.9563 304.271
48 12 119.97 200.155 214.2442 0.5599685 1.139019 105.3275 214.7708 244.628
49 2016 1 187.56 228.3334 227.2013 0.8255235 0.918258 204.2563 212.5852 195.2081
50 2 250.4034694 226.0692 245.5271 1.0198607 0.616224 406.3517 210.3996 129.6532
51 3 346.3433333 264.985 257.9763 1.3425394 1.312399 263.901 208.2141 273.2598
52 4 275.6333333 250.9675 232.42 1.1859277 1.195969 230.4687 206.0285 246.4036
53 5 131.49 213.8725 176.9221 0.7432085 0.691727 190.0893 203.8429 141.0037
54 6 102.0233333 139.9717 108.3163 0.9419024 0.908353 112.3168 201.6573 183.1761
55 7 50.74 76.66083 121.3483 0.4181351 0.747776 67.85454 199.4718 149.1602
56 8 22.39 166.0358 185.3104 0.1208243 0.594918 37.63543 197.2862 117.3692
57 9 488.99 204.585 257.0394 1.9023934 0.967527 505.4022 195.1006 188.765
58 10 256.22 309.4938 360.4563 0.7108214 0.873072 293.4694 192.9151 168.4288
59 11 470.375 411.4188 411.4188 1.1432999 1.402453 335.3945 190.7295 267.4891
60 12 430.09 1.139019 377.5968 188.5439 214.7551
Table 10. Rainfall Amount Forecast
time Year Month AIR MA(4) CMA (4) SI ST ST Deseason Tt forecast
HUMIDITY (%) alize
1 2012 1 86.57483271 1.000674 86.51656 83.45267 83.50888
2 2 85.63005483 0.982837 87.12543 83.41826 81.98651
3 3 85.90228392 86.04851 85.64944 1.002952 1.010732 84.99019 83.38386 84.27871
4 4 86.086875 85.25037 84.88586 1.014149 1.003476 85.78868 83.34945 83.63917
5 5 83.38224898 84.52135 84.14287 0.99096 0.987238 84.46012 83.31504 82.25179
6 6 82.7139777 83.7644 83.12889 0.995009 1.005529 82.25915 83.28064 83.74112
7 7 82.87451071 82.49337 82.40543 1.005692 0.998025 83.03847 83.24623 83.08186
8 8 81.00275337 82.31749 82.49707 0.981886 0.996604 81.2788 83.21182 82.92921
9 9 82.67871971 82.67665 83.04463 0.995594 0.997818 82.85951 83.17741 82.99593
10 10 84.15062429 83.41261 83.64407 1.006056 0.992941 84.74889 83.14301 82.55607
11 11 85.81832456 83.87553 84.40007 1.016804 1.018545 84.25581 83.1086 84.64984
12 12 82.85445893 84.9246 84.67136 0.978542 1.004454 82.48708 83.07419 83.44419
13 2013 1 86.875 84.41813 84.09593 1.033046 1.000674 86.81652 83.03979 83.09572
14 2 82.12472419 83.77374 83.71439 0.981011 0.982837 83.55889 83.00538 81.58072
15 3 83.24078392 83.65503 82.90456 1.004056 1.010732 82.35695 82.97097 83.8614
16 4 82.37961503 82.1541 82.14016 1.002915 1.003476 82.09426 82.93656 83.22485
17 5 80.8712671 82.12622 81.93863 0.986974 0.987238 81.91668 82.90216 81.84417
18 6 82.01323118 81.75103 81.68736 1.003989 1.005529 81.56225 82.86775 83.32595
19 7 81.74002207 81.62369 81.44549 1.003616 0.998025 81.90174 82.83334 82.66979
20 8 81.87022433 81.2673 81.081 1.009734 0.996604 82.14923 82.79894 82.51773
21 9 79.44570541 80.8947 81.15577 0.978929 0.997818 79.61943 82.76453 82.58394
22 10 80.52285132 81.41683 81.56744 0.987194 0.992941 81.09533 82.73012 82.1461
23 11 83.82854934 81.71805 81.7568 1.02534 1.018545 82.30227 82.69571 84.2293
24 12 83.07508121 81.79555 81.77171 1.015939 1.004454 82.70672 82.66131 83.02947
25 2014 1 79.75573029 81.74786 81.61522 0.977216 1.000674 79.70204 82.6269 82.68256
26 2 80.33208982 81.48257 81.35394 0.987439 0.982837 81.73495 82.59249 81.17492
27 3 82.76737408 81.22531 81.56311 1.014765 1.010732 81.88857 82.55809 83.44408
28 4 82.04604199 81.90091 82.12693 0.999015 1.003476 81.76184 82.52368 82.81053
29 5 82.45812323 82.35296 82.16502 1.003567 0.987238 83.52405 82.48927 81.43655
30 6 82.14029169 81.97709 81.75348 1.004731 1.005529 81.68861 82.45487 82.91078
31 7 81.26389185 81.52987 81.41945 0.998089 0.998025 81.42467 82.42046 82.25772
32 8 80.25718875 81.30902 81.35367 0.986522 0.996604 80.53069 82.38605 82.10625
33 9 81.57471844 81.39831 81.71903 0.998234 0.997818 81.7531 82.35164 82.17196
34 10 82.49745415 82.03974 82.5394 0.999492 0.992941 83.08397 82.31724 81.73613
35 11 83.82960833 83.03906 83.06164 1.009246 1.018545 82.3033 82.28283 83.80875
36 12 84.25444798 83.08422 82.82354 1.017277 1.004454 83.88086 82.24842 82.61474
37 2015 1 81.75537236 82.56286 82.21575 0.9944 1.000674 81.70034 82.21402 82.26939
38 2 80.41202791 81.86864 81.21257 0.990143 0.982837 81.81628 82.17961 80.76912
39 3 81.05269376 80.55651 79.93376 1.013998 1.010732 80.19209 82.1452 83.02676
40 4 79.00592812 79.31102 79.40769 0.99494 1.003476 78.73226 82.11079 82.39621
41 5 76.77342907 79.50437 79.17105 0.969716 0.987238 77.76587 82.07639 81.02894
42 6 81.18542413 78.83774 79.14702 1.025755 1.005529 80.739 82.04198 82.49561
43 7 78.38617054 79.45631 80.266 0.97658 0.998025 78.54125 82.00757 81.84565
44 8 81.48020927 81.07569 81.18593 1.003625 0.996604 81.75788 81.97317 81.69476
45 9 83.25094593 81.29618 82.16644 1.013199 0.997818 83.43299 81.93876 81.75997
46 10 82.06738703 83.0367 83.29724 0.985235 0.992941 82.65084 81.90435 81.32616
47 11 85.34827769 83.55778 83.44659 1.022789 1.018545 83.79432 81.86994 83.38821
48 12 83.56452625 83.33539 83.06135 1.006058 1.004454 83.19399 81.83554 82.20002
49 2016 1 82.36138776 82.7873 82.52386 0.998031 1.000674 82.30595 81.80113 81.85623
50 2 79.875 82.26042 82.11231 0.972753 0.982837 81.26988 81.76672 80.36332
51 3 83.24078392 81.9642 81.77793 1.017888 1.010732 82.35695 81.73232 82.60945
52 4 82.37961503 81.59167 81.85895 1.006361 1.003476 82.09426 81.69791 81.98189
53 5 80.8712671 82.12622 82.10502 0.984974 0.987238 81.91668 81.6635 80.62132
54 6 82.01323118 82.08381 82.16424 0.998162 1.005529 81.56225 81.6291 82.08044
55 7 83.07113396 82.24466 82.56342 1.006149 0.998025 83.23548 81.59469 81.43358
56 8 83.02300723 82.88218 82.91922 1.001252 0.996604 83.30594 81.56028 81.28328
57 9 83.42135165 82.95627 83.16065 1.003135 0.997818 83.60377 81.52587 81.34799
58 10 82.3095792 83.36503 83.4168 0.986727 0.992941 82.89476 81.49147 80.91619
59 11 84.70618998 83.46856 1.018545 83.16393 81.45706 82.96767
60 12 83.43712859 1.004454 83.06716 81.42265 81.7853
Table 11. Humidity Forecast
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.05591763
R Square 0.003126781
Adjusted R -
Square 0.014060688
Standard
Error 4.166842258
Observations 60
ANOVA
Significance
df SS MS F F
Regression 1 3.158637 3.158636892 0.181922152 0.67130552
Residual 58 1007.029 17.3625744
Total 59 1010.188
Standard Upper Lower Upper

Coefficients Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% 95% 95.0% 95.0%
Intercept 25.64439759 1.089465 23.53853283 2.29907E-31 23.4635973 27.8252 23.4636 27.8252
- - -
X Variable 1 -0.01324872 0.031062 0.426523331 0.671305517 0.07542631 0.048929 0.07543 0.048929
Table 12. Regression Summary output for Minimum Temperature
Multiple R 0.303251
R Square 0.091961
Adjusted R
Square 0.076305
Standard
Error 1.523107
Observations 60
ANOVA
Significance
df SS MS F F
Regression 1 13.62664 13.62663566 5.873921 0.018507
Residual 58 134.5515 2.319853497
Total 59 148.1781

Intercept 30.07948 0.398232 75.5325131 1.26E-59 29.28233 30.87662 29.28233 30.87662
X Variable 1 -0.02752 0.011354 -2.423617292 0.018507 -0.05025 -0.00479 -0.05025 -0.00479
Table 13. Regression Summary output for Maximum Temperature
Multiple R 0.450443
R Square 0.202898
Adjusted R
Square 0.189155
Standard
Error 0.441915
Observatio
ns 60
ANOVA
Significanc
df SS MS F eF
Regressio 2.8831 2.8831784 14.763 0.0003045
n 1 78 85 63 67
11.326 0.1952892
Residual 58 78 45
14.209
Total 59 95
Coefficien Standar Lower Upper Lower Upper

ts d Error t Stat P-value 95% 95% 95.0% 95.0%
0.1155 4.64E- 25.817857 26.280 25.817 26.280
Intercept 26.04914 43 225.44895 87 29 43 86 43
X Variable 0.0032 3.8423471 0.0003 0.0060635 0.0192 0.0060 0.0192
1 0.012658 94 53 05 88 52 64 52
Table 14. Regression Summary output for Air Temperature
Multiple R 0.206553
R Square 0.042664
Adjusted R
Square 0.026158
Standard
Error 182.3594
Observations 60
ANOVA
Significance
df SS MS F F
Regression 1 85957 85956.997 2.584787 0.113326
Residual 58 1928788 33254.96802
Total 59 2014745

Intercept 319.6781 47.67979 6.704688266 9.17E-09 224.2367 415.11958 224.2367 415.1196
-
X Variable 1 -2.18557 1.359416 1.607727165 0.113326 -4.90674 0.5355967 -4.90674 0.535597
Table 15. Regression Summary output for Rainfall Amount
Multiple R 0.334084
R Square 0.111612
Adjusted R
Square 0.096295
Standard
Error 1.709842
Observations 60
ANOVA
Significance
df SS MS F F
Regression 1 21.30334 21.30333724 7.286781 0.009086
Residual 58 169.5664 2.923559353
Total 59 190.8698

Intercept 83.48708 0.447056 186.748555 2.54E-82 82.5922 84.38196 82.5922 84.38196
- -
X Variable 1 -0.03441 0.012746 2.699403854 0.009086 -0.05992 -0.00889 0.05992 -0.00889
Table 16. Regression Summary output for Humidity

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DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR SELECTING CROP AND IDENTIFYING

PLANTING METHODOLOGY BASED ON ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL FACTOR

USING FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH

the Faculty of the Institute of Computing

University of Southeastern Philippines

Bo. Obrero, Davao City

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Master of Information Technology

Background of the Study

rubber, and cotton (Nations Encyclopedia, 2010).

Crop choice is frequently mentioned as a potential strategy to climate change.

order to increase resilience by adaptation measures. (n.d., 2013)

These circumstances greatly causes significant changes on the farmers’ decisions

fundamental factors in the determination of crops and identification of planting

To address such problems, a decision support system model will be created in

Purpose and Description

be planted as well as the best planting methodology to be used in a field. Predictive

The specific objective of the study are the following:

 To investigate the potential of a decision support system using environmental

and spatial factor in managing crop selection and planting methodology.

historical record of rainfall and precipitation data of an area to be used for

supporting tools for crop selection and planting methodology.

and identify what would be the best planting methodology on an area.

o Environmental Data Data (Annual highest and lowest temperature,

annual distribution of rainfall, field precipitation)

o Spatial (Soil properties of farms, ph level, field type)

Significance of the Study

planting methodology is believe to be provide benefits and give significance to the

improve quality of works in terms of selecting crops in creating decision support

provide an immediate evaluation on a certain farm area.

about seed selection using environment and spatial data.

Scope and Limitations

the scope and limitation:

o Crop Data (Ph Level Requirements, Soil Requirements, Climatic

requirements – temperature, rainfall, humidity)

o Environment Data (Annual highest and lowest temperature, annual

distribution of rainfall, field precipitation)

crops to be suggested by the system. The following crops to be included in the

Cabbage and Radish.

use If-Then Rule fin order to derive an output.

predicted rainfall, precipitation and other related data for crops.

methods specifically in Davao Oriental.

humidity, temperature and rainfall.

Review of Related Literature/Systems

framework of the study.

Decision Support System as Tool for Selecting Crops

Identifying agricultural products plays a significant role in agriculture. This result in

process in decision making.

As agriculture is in the middle of powerful changes due to industrialization and

made computerized DSS as a tool of packaging biological and technical information to

sustainability of vulnerable areas.

the effect of choices (de Villiers, 2018).

Crop Selection and Identifying Planting Methodology

Since proper selection of crops are needed in crop management, it is important to

selection. Seed selection is an essential process in crop management as it may lead to

if healthier and high quality seeds were chosen to cultivate.

on line on participatory decision support system development. (Churi, 2013). According to

in improving the quality of the crop variety.

conditions and adapt the climate.

(P. Taechatanasat L. Armstrong,2014). Site condition that include climatic and

socioeconomic conditions of farmers. Climatic conditions determine what crops could

Environmental Factors in Crop Production

In crop production, environmental factor such as climate, soil properties

agriculture or perhaps impossible to use as agricultural land. There are different