1. It consists of mainly cellular tissue and lignin and lesser parts of fat and tar, as well as sugar.

2. Conversion of a substance called a fuel into chemical compounds known as products of combustion by
combination with an oxidizer
3. Determination of the thermal energy released when the coal is burned
4. It burns with smoke and is a useful fuel for metallurgical process
5. It determines the suitability of a diesel fuel.
6. It is used as an illuminant, jet engine fuel, tractor fuel, and for preparing laboratory gas.
7. It contains 5 to 10 % volatile matter & burns without smoke.
8. The lowest temperature at which the fuel can be heated so that the vapour gives off flashes momentarily when
an open flame is passed over it.
9. It is the heating of coal to high temperatures in the absence of air, it is used in manufacturing coke for the
metallurgical industry
10. It determines how much steam or electrical energy it takes to heat oil to a desired temperature.
11. It is a byproduct flue gas obtained during the reduction of ion ore by coke in the blast furnace
12. It is a useful concept that is used extensively in determining the compressible properties of a reservoir.
13. The solid combustible residue that remains after a coal particle is heated and the volatile matter is expelled.
14. Shall refer to gasoline or diesel that has been blended with biofuels such as, but not limited to, bioethanol and
biodiesel.
15 It relates the reservoir volume to the volume at standard conditions of any hydrocarbon mixture
16. It is a very rough indication of the lowest temperature at which fuel oil is readily pumpable
17, It is related to the inorganic material in the fuel oil
18 It indicates the tendency of gasoline to knock when the compression ration a spark ignition engine is raised
19, It is a measure of how a real gas deviates from ideality.
20. it shall refer to Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) or mono-alkyl esters derived from vegetable oils or animal fats
and other biomass-derived oils.
21, It is a useful concept that is used extensively in determining the compressible properties of a reservoir.
22. It is the measurement of heat or energy produced.
23. It is an undesirable constituent of coals because it reduces the heating value (water does not burn!) and its
weight adds to the transportation costs
24. It is essentially a mixture of combustible gases carbon monoxide and hydrogen associated with non-
combustible gases
25. It shall refer to hydrous or anhydrous bioethanol suitable denatured for use as motor fuel, with quality
specifications in accordance with the PNS.
B. Read each statement below carefully. Write your first name if you think the statement is TRUE. Write your last
name if you think the statement is FALSE and write the word/s to make the statement correct. No erasures on this
part. Two points each. Right minus wrong.
1. The greater the amount of light hydrocarbon components in a fuel, the higher the pour point value
2. Producer gas is made by passing alternatively steam and little air through a bed of red hot coal or coke
maintained at about 900 to 1000 C in a reactor.
3. Air deficiency always produces oxygen in the product of combustion.
4. Water content is a critical property of automated diesel oil alone, even without CME blend.
5. Soot has erosive effect on the burner tips, causes damage to the refractories at high temperatures and gives rise
to high temperature corrosion and fouling of equipment.
6. Lignite has an approximately 65-70% carbon content.
7. Excessive excess air used in combustion produces carbon monoxide.
8. The higher the volatility of coal, the higher its rank.
9. Cetane number is also one of the critical properties of gasoline.
10. It is not possible for fuel to self- ignite without coming in contact with air or oxygen.