TEACHING DEMO – GAS LAWS

We know that substances can exist in any of the three - 1 atm = 1.01325 x 10^2 kPa
states of matter: solid, liquid, or gas. - 1 torr = 1 mmHg

What are Gases? EXAMPLE: What is the pressure in atmospheres in the

cabin if the barometer reading is 688 mmHg?
- Motion of particles are random
o Particles move freely and
independently
o When they collide forces of attraction
are small
- Compressible
- Exert Pressure
- Assume volume of container
- Lower densities
- Mix evenly and completely when confined to the
same container Boyle’s Law – Pressure Volume Relationship
4 variables we are interested in At constant temperature –
- P, V, T, n

Some simplifying assumptions that we will make:

- Particles are points random motion

- Particles don’t interact

Pressure of a Gas

- Gas molecules are constantly in motion

- EXAMPLE: Drinking Liquid through a Straw

What are the units of Pressure so that we can measure it? Charles’ Law – Temperature Volume Relationship

- Velocity = Volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant

- Acceleration = pressure is directly proportional to the absolute
- Force = m x a temperature of the gas
- Pressure =
- SI Unit of pressure is the pascal (Pa)

Atmospheric Pressure

- Gases are subjected to the earth’s gravitational

pull
- Air is denser near the surface of the earth than
at high altitudes
- The denser the air the greater the pressure it
exerts
- DEFINITION: Atmospheric pressure is the
Avogadro’s Law: Volume – Amount Relationship
pressure exerted by Earth’s atmosphere
At same temperature and pressure, equal volumes of
How is atmospheric pressure measured?
different gases contain the same number of molecules.
- Through a barometer
- Atmospheric pressure (1 atm) is equal to the
pressure that supports a column of mercury Ideal Gas Equation
exactly 760 mm at 0 C at sea level.
- 1 atm = 760 mmHg Ideal gas is a hypothetical gas whose pressure-volume-
- 1 atm = 101,325 Pa temperature behavior can be completely accounted for by
- 1 atm = 1.01325 x 10^5 Pa the ideal gas equation.
TEACHING DEMO – GAS LAWS

- Do not attract or repel

- Volume is negligible

We evaluate the Gas Constant R with the values of STP

(Standard Temperature and Pressure)

1 mole of an ideal gas = 22.414 L

EXAMPLE: Sulfur Hexafluoride is a colorless and odorless

gas. Due to its lack of chemical reactivity, it is use as an
insulator in electronic equipment. Calculate the pressure
(in atm) exerted by 1.82 moles of the gas in a steel vessel
of volume 5.43 L at 69.5 C

Assuming ideal behavior which of the following gases will

have the greatest volume at STP?

a. 0.82 mole of He
b. 24 g of N2
c. 5.0 x 10^2 molecules of Cl2