Voltage and Current Division in DC and AC Circuits

Example 1. Determine the steady state voltage, v(t), and current, i(t), for each of these circuits.

(a) (b)

Example 2. Determine the steady state voltage, v(t), and current, i(t), for each of these circuits.

(a) (b)
 Solutions

Example 1.
(a)
30
v (t ) = × 18 = 10 V
30 + ( 40 & 60 )
40 18 4
i (t ) = × = = 133 mA
40 + 60 30 + ( 40 & 60 ) 30

(b) Represent the circuit in the frequency domain using impedances and phasors.

V (ω ) = −
j 60
×18∠15° =
( 60∠ − 90°)(18∠15° ) = 22.46∠18° V
j 60 + ( − j12.5 & 60 ) 60 ( − j12.5 )
j 60 +
60 − j12.5

− j12.5 24∠15°
I (ω ) = × = 76.35∠ − 150° mA
60 − j12.5 60 ( − j12.5 )
j 60 +
60 − j12.5
so
v ( t ) = 22.46 cos ( 20 t + 18° ) V
and
i ( t ) = 76.35 cos ( 20 t − 150° ) mA

Example 2.
(a)
15 + 25
i (t ) = 0.020 = 0.008 = 8 mA
60 + (15 + 25 )

× ( 60 & (15 + 25) ) 0.020 = ( 24 )( 0.020 ) = 0.18 V

15 3
v (t ) =
15 + 25 8

(b) Represent the circuit in the frequency domain using impedances and phasors.
 40 + j 60
I (ω ) = × 0.020∠0° = 24.25∠50.9° mA
− j 40 + ( 40 + j 60 )
and
40
V (ω ) = × ⎡ − j 40 & ( 40 + j 60 ) ⎤⎦ × 0.02∠0° = 0.97∠ − 39° V
40 + j 60 ⎣

Returning to the time domain:

i ( t ) = 24.25 cos ( 5t + 50.9° ) mA
and
v ( t ) = 0.97 cos ( 5t − 39° ) V