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Frequency Diversity.
Polarization Diversity.
Space Diversity.
Time Diversity.
Diversity Techniques
• Frequency Diversity
– Disadvantage
• Occupies large bandwidth.
Diversity Techniques
• Polarization Diversity
– Disadvantages
• There are at most two copies of the signal.
• Half of the signal power is lost.
Diversity Techniques
• Space Diversity
r1
e
s
(t
)
2
j
q1
r e jθ 2
s (t ) r3 e jθ 3
s (t ) rM e jθ M
s(t )
a1 a2 a3 aM
ai = α i e − jθ i
Σ Combiner
Output
Space Diversity
• Space Diversity Combining Methods
– Selection Combining.
– Maximal Ratio Combining.
– Equal Gain Combining.
Selection Combining
Eb
SNR = Γ =
No
Maximal Ratio Combining
− jθ i
Wi = α i e
Equal Gain Combining
− jθ i
Wi = e
MIMO
fading
channels.
Capacity
Inves<ga<ons
Capacity
Equa<ons
SISO
MIMO
W
is
called
Wishart
matrix.
• Let
us
assume
that
an
M-‐ary
modula7on
scheme
is
used.
In
the
Alamou7
space-‐7me
• encoder,
each
group
of
m
informa7on
bits
is
first
modulated,
where
m
=
log2M.
Then,
the
• encoder
takes
a
block
of
two
modulated
symbols
x1
and
x2
in
each
encoding
opera7on
and
• maps them to the transmit antennas according to a code matrix given by