FOBAS Change-Over Calculator (Service System)

Guidance Notes:
This calculator is designed for use where there are separate high sulphur fuel oil (HSFO) and low sulphur fuel oil (LSFO, ULSFO, LSMGO, ULSMGO) service tanks
and simulates the linear blending process which takes place once a low sulphur fuel enters the fuel circulation system (see diagram (a) on the FOBAS calculator
sheet).
Where the HSFO is a residual fuel oil and the LSFO is a distillate or other fuel with no or only limited pre-heat requirements there will need to be an initial stage,
not covered by this calculator, where the temperature gradient (i.e. 2˚C decrease /minute max) in the fuel oil service system is managed by gradually shutting
the HSFO inlet valve while opening the LSFO inlet valve.

The time period given by the calculator is the estimated time required from the point where the inlet valve from the HSFO tank is fully shut to the point at which
the fuel oil circulating in the service system has been diluted down by the incoming LSFO to the required limit value - such as that given by MARPOL Annex VI for
those Emission Control Areas established to limit SOx and particulate emissions (ECA-SOx).

TO USE THE CALCULATOR: Please fill in all the data fields and select the required sulphur limit from the drop down menu or define your own value to
determine the time to achieve that sulphur limit at the engine inlet. The calculation is based on a complete linear blend of the two fuels since this is the only
means by which this can be undertaken although in practice there may be a certain amount of HSFO which remains adhering to internal surfaces and is only
gradually washed off together with any quantities of HSFO caught in dead legs of pipes to off-line equipment which at some point will tend to be flushed out into
the circulating fuel oil flow.

For engines and boilers used for propulsion and electrical power generation it is necessary to ensure that adequate quantities of ready-to-use fuel oil remain
continuously available during any change-over from HSFO to LSFO.

In addition it is necessary to ensure that engines, boilers and associated fuel treatment equipment are suitable for use with the LSFO to be used.
 Lloyd’s Register Group
The compatibility Limited,
between HSFOits subsidiaries
and LSFO shouldandbe
affiliates
verifiedand their
before respective officers,
commencing employees
the change-over or agents are, individually and
process.
collectively, referred to in this clause as ‘Lloyd’s Register’. Lloyd’s Register assumes no responsibility and shall not be liable to any
person
Lloyd’sfor any loss,
Register damage
FOBAS or pleased
will be expensetocaused byany
provide reliance onguidance
further the information or advice
which may in this -document
be required contact usorat:
howsoever provided, unless
fobas@lr.org.
that person has signed a contract with the relevant Lloyd’s Register entity for the provision of this information or advice and in that case
any responsibility or liability is exclusively on the terms and conditions set out in that contract.
NB: Should calculator not fit on your screen correctly, please use the "Zoom" slider at the bottom right of the excel window to adjust accordingly.
Lloyd’s Register and variants of it are trading names of Lloyd’s Register Group Limited, its subsidiaries and affiliates. Copyright © Lloyd’s
Register Group Limited. 2016. A member of the Lloyd’s Register Group.

Version 3.0
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FOBAS Change-Over Calculator (Service System - Main Engine)

Calculations are based on the assumption that the following setup is being used
Version 6

At start of change over: Return / Spill Line

Rate of fuel consumption (engines) 1.00 t/hr Mixing
Valve column
Service system - fuel oil quantity 1.00 t From HSFO Shut
(as marked in red on diagram opposite - Service
includes all in-line components; booster Tank
pump, heater shell, filter plus return /
spill line and mixing column) ✘ LSFO
From Valve Off
Open
LSFO Supply Booster Main Engine
HSFO sulphur content: 3.50 % m/m Service Pump etc.
Pump
Tank Running on LFSO when ticked,
running on HSFO when not ticked

LSFO sulphur content: LSFO 0.100 % m/m Running on HSFO

Running on LSFO
Required sulphur content at engine inlet (i.e. ECA-SOx limit): Diagram A Not in service
Please select from drop down 0.100 % m/m
menu or directly enter required
value

Change-over time to achieve required

7.80 hr
fuel oil sulphur value at engine inlet:
LSFO sulphur content is exactly equal to the required sulphur content, to calculate a realistic changeover time
a LSFO sulphur content of 0.099 / 0.499 % mass will be used for the calculations.
Notes:
Minimum value for service system (incl. mixing tank): 0.1 tonne
Maximum calculated change over time: 200 hrs
Change over time given in increments of 0.10 hrs (6 minutes) and has a minimum changeover time of 0.30 hours (18 minutes)
Service system - fuel oil quantity (t): Sum of internal volumes of component units and pipes (litres) x fuel oil density (kg/l) / 1000
Volume of 1 metre tube / piping: Bore 10 cm - 8 litres, 15 cm - 18 litres, 20 cm - 31 litres, 30 cm - 71 litres

0 0
FOBAS Change-Over Calculator (Service System - Boilers) 0 0

Version 6
At start of change over: Calculations are based on the assumption that the following setup is being used
Rate of fuel consumption (boilers) 1.30 t/hr
Service system - fuel oil quantity 5.00 t Return / Spill Line
(as marked in red on diagram opposite - Mixing
includes all in-line components; booster
Valve
column
pump, heater shell, filter plus return /
spill line and mixing column) Shut
From HSFO LSFO
Service
Tank Off
HSFO sulphur content: 3.50 % m/m Boiler 1
Valve
From Open
Supply Booster LSFO
LSMGO Pump Pump etc.
LSFO sulphur content: LSMGO 0.100 % m/m Service Off
Tank Boiler 2
Required sulphur content at engine inlet (i.e. ECA-SOx limit):
Please select from drop down 0.50 % m/m Running on LFSO when ticked,
menu or directly enter required running on HSFO when not ticked
value
Running on HSFO
Change-over time to achieve required Running on LSFO
30.90 hr Diagram B
fuel oil sulphur value at engine inlet: Not in service

LSFO sulphur content is exactly equal to the required sulphur content, to calculate a realistic changeover time
a LSFO sulphur content of 0.099 / 0.499 % mass will be used for the calculations.
Notes:
Minimum value for service system (incl. mixing tank): 0.1 tonne
Maximum calculated change over time: 200 hrs
Change over time given in increments of 0.10 hrs (6 minutes) and has a minimum changeover time of 0.30 hours (18 minutes)
Service system - fuel oil quantity (t): Sum of internal volumes of component units and pipes (litres) x fuel oil density (kg/l) / 1000
Volume of 1 metre tube / piping: Bore 10 cm - 8 litres, 15 cm - 18 litres, 20 cm - 31 litres, 30 cm - 71 litres

0 0 0 0
FOBAS Change-Over Calculator (Service System -Auxiliary engines) 1 1 1 1

Version 6
At start of change over: Calculations are based on the assumption that the following setup is beingReturn
used / Spill Line
Rate of fuel consumption (engines) 1.30 t/hr
Mixing
Service system - fuel oil quantity 1.00 t column
(as marked in red on diagram opposite -
includes all in-line components; booster
✘ LSFO
pump, heater shell, filter plus return / ✘ Off Aux Engine 1
spill line and mixing column)

Supply Booster
Pump LSFO
Pump etc.
HSFO sulphur content: 3.50 % m/m ✘ Off Aux Engine 2

Valve LSFO
LSFO sulphur content: ULSFO 0.090
From HSFO Open Of
% m/m Service ✘ Aux Engine 3
Tank
f
Required sulphur content at engine inlet (i.e. ECA-SOx limit): LSFO
Please select from drop down 0.100
Of
% m/m Valve ✘ Aux Engine 4
menu or directly enter required
From Shut f
ULSFO Running on LFSO when ticked,
value running on HSFO when not ticked
Service
Tank
Change-over time to achieve required Running on HSFO
4.20 hr Diagram C
fuel oil sulphur value at engine inlet: Running on LSFO

LSFO sulphur content is exactly equal to the required sulphur content, to calculate a realistic changeover time Not in service
a LSFO sulphur content of 0.099 / 0.499 % mass will be used for the calculations.
Notes:
Minimum value for service system (incl. mixing tank): 0.1 tonne
Maximum calculated change over time: 200 hrs
Change over time given in increments of 0.10 hrs (6 minutes) and has a minimum changeover time of 0.30 hours (18 minutes)
Service system - fuel oil quantity (t): Sum of internal volumes of component units and pipes (litres) x fuel oil density (kg/l) / 1000
Volume of 1 metre tube / piping: Bore 10 cm - 8 litres, 15 cm - 18 litres, 20 cm - 31 litres, 30 cm - 71 litres
 Working together
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Summary of estimated sulphur content of fuel in use

Est
Est sulphur Changeover
state Fuel in use content time
Main Engine
ME Active LSFO 0.10% 7.8hrs

Boilers
B1 Active HSFO 3.50% 30.9hrs
B2 Active HSFO 3.50% 30.9hrs

Auxiliary engines
AE1 Inactive HSFO N/A N/A
AE2 Inactive HSFO N/A N/A
AE3 Inactive HSFO N/A N/A
AE4 Inactive HSFO N/A N/A

Lloyd’s Register Group Limited, its subsidiaries and affiliates and their respective
officers, employees or agents are, individually and collectively, referred to in this
clause as ‘Lloyd’s Register’. Lloyd’s Register assumes no responsibility and shall
not be liable to any person for any loss, damage or expense caused by reliance
on the information or advice in this document or howsoever provided, unless that
person has signed a contract with the relevant Lloyd’s Register entity for the
provision of this information or advice and in that case any responsibility or
liability is exclusively on the terms and conditions set out in that contract.

Lloyd’s Register and variants of it are trading names of Lloyd’s Register Group
Limited, its subsidiaries and affiliates. Copyright © Lloyd’s Register Group
Limited. 2016. A member of the Lloyd’s Register Group.