Name:___________ Date:____________

Chemistry quarter 1 (matter, atoms, periodic table)

Base your answers to questions 1 and 2 on the elements in Group 2 on the Periodic Table.
1. Explain, in terms of atomic structure, why the elements in Group 2 have similar chemical properties.

2. State, in terms of the number of electron shells, why the radius of a strontium atom in the ground state is larger than the radius of a magnesium atom in the
ground state.

3. Which diagram represents a mixture of two different molecular forms of the same element?

(1) (2) (3) (4)

Base your answers to questions 4 through 6 on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.

Potassium phosphate, K3PO4, is a source of dietary potassium found in a popular cereal. According to the Nutrition-Facts label shown on the boxes of
this brand of cereal, the accepted value for a one-cup serving of this cereal is 170 milligrams of potassium. The minimum daily requirement of
potassium is 3500 milligrams for an adult human.
4. Identify the noble gas whose atoms have the same electron configuration as a potassium ion.

5. The mass of potassium in a one-cup serving of this cereal is determined to be 172 mg. Show a numerical setup for calculating the percent error for the mass of
potassium in this serving.

6. Compare the radius of a potassium ion to the radius of a potassium atom.

7. Draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram of a selenium atom in the ground state.

8. Which substance can not be broken down by a chemical change?

(1) phosphorus (2) methanol (3) ammonia (4) propane
9. Elements that readily gain electrons tend to have
(1) low ionization energy and low electronegativity (2) high ionization energy and high electronegativity
(3) high ionization energy and low electronegativity (4) low ionization energy and high electronegativity
10. Which list of elements consists of a metal, a metalloid, and a noble gas?
(1) silicon, phosphorous, chlorine (2) sodium, silicon, argon
(3) magnesium, sodium, sulfur (4) aluminium, sulfur, argon
11. Five cubes of iron are tested in a laboratory. The tests and the results are shown in the table below.

Which tests demonstrate chemical properties?

(1) 2 and 5 (2) 1, 3, and 4 (3) 1, 3, and 5 (4) 2 and 4
12. In Rutherford's gold foil experiments, some alpha particles were deflected from their original paths but most passed through the foil with no deflection. Which
statement about gold atoms is supported by these experimental observations?
(1) Gold atoms are similar to alpha particles. (2) Gold atoms consist mostly of empty space.
(3) Alpha particles and gold nuclei have opposite charges. (4) Alpha particles are more dense than gold atoms.
Base your answers to questions 13 and 14 on the information below.

Two isotopes of potassium are K-37 and K-42.

13. Explain, in terms of subatomic particles, why K-37 and K-42 are isotopes of potassium.

14. How many valence electrons are in an atom of K-42 in the ground state?

15. Which element is least likely to undergo a chemical reaction?

(1) carbon (2) lithium (3) neon (4) flourine
16. A mixture consists of sand and an aqueous salt solution. Which procedure can be used to separate the sand, salt, and water from each other?
(1) Filter out the sand, then evaporate the water. (2) Filter out the salt, then evaporate the water.
(3) Evaporate the water, then filter out the sand. (4) Evaporate the water, then filter out the salt.
Base your answers to questions 17 through 19 on the particle diagrams below, which show atoms and/or molecules in three different samples of matter at STP.

17. Explain why (x)(x) does not represent a compound.

18. Which sample represents a pure substance? Explain why in terms of particles of matter

19. identify one sample that represents a mixture. Explain why this is mixture in terms of particles of matter.

20. An oxide ion (O2–) formed from an oxygen-18 atom contains exactly
(1) 8 protons, 10 neutrons, 8 electrons (2) 10 protons, 8 neutrons, 8 electrons
(3) 8 protons, 10 neutrons, 10 electrons (4) 8 protons, 8 neutrons, 10 electrons
21. Which phrase describes an atom?
(1) a negatively charged electron cloud surrounding a positively charged nucleus
(2) a positively charged electron cloud surrounding a positively charged nucleus
(3) a negatively charged electron cloud surrounding a negatively charged nucleus
(4) a positively charged electron cloud surrounding a negatively charged nucleus
22. Which equation represents a physical change?
(1) H2O(s) + 6.01 kJ ® H2O( ) (2) 2H2(g) + O2(g) ® 2H2O(g) + 483.6 kJ
(3) H2(g) + I2(g) + 53.0 kJ ® 2HI(g) (4) N2(g) + 2O2(g) + 66.4 kJ ® 2NO2(g)
23. Given the balanced particle-diagram equation:

Which statement describes the type of change and the chemical properties of the product and reactants?
(1) The equation represents a chemical change, with the product and reactants having identical chemical properties.
(2) The equation represents a chemical change, with the product and reactants having different chemical properties.
(3) The equation represents a physical change, with the product and reactants having identical chemical properties.
(4) The equation represents a physical change, with the product and reactants having different chemical properties.
 Answer Key

quarter 1 (matter, atoms, periodic table)

1. –In the ground state, an 13. Acceptable responses

atom of each element include, but are not
has two valence limited to:
electrons. same number of
–The number of protons, different
electrons in the number of neutrons
outermost shell of each K-37 has fewer
atom is the same. neutrons than K-42.
2. A strontium atom in the same element; different
ground state has two number of neutrons
more electron shells 14. 1 or one.
than a magnesium 15. 3
atom in the ground 16. 1
state. 17. Acceptable responses:
3. 1
A compound must
4. — argon — Ar — contain two or more
element 18 different elements,
5. only 1 kind of atom
present.
18. Allow credit for 3.
19. Allow credit for 2.
20. 3
6. — The radius of a
21. 1
potassium ion is
22. 1
smaller than the radius
23. 2
of a potassium atom.
— The radius of the
atom is greater. — The
K+ ions are smaller. —
K+ < K
7.

8. 1
9. 2
10. 2
11. 4
12. 2