P 09

NATIONAL OIL CORPORATION
GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION
GES P.09
STEEL PIPING FABRICATION (SHOP OR FIELD)
Rev Date Description Checked Approved

0 1999 Issued for Implementation DL
Compiled by Teknica (UK) Ltd

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION GES P.09
STEEL PIPING FABRICATION (SHOP OR FIELD) Page 2 of 34
Rev 0 1999
INDEX
SECTION TITLE PAGE
1.0 SCOPE OF SPECIFICATION 4
1.1 Introduction 4
1.2 Other NOC Specifications 4
2.0 DEFINITIONS 4
2.1 Technical 4
2.2 Contractual 5
3.0 DESIGN 6
3.1 Codes and Standards 6
4.0 MATERIALS 6
4.1 Construction Materials 6

4.2 Handling and Storage 6
5.0 FABRICATION 7
5.1 General 7
5.2 Butt-Weld End Preparation 7
5.3 Branch Connections 7
5.4 Bracing 8
5.5 Pipe Bends 8
5.6 Dimensional Tolerances 9
5.7 Proximity of Welds 9
5.8 Flanges 10
5.9 Joints 10
5.10 Seal Welding 11
5.11 Socket Welds 11
5.12 Cutting and Weld Preparation 11
5.13 Fit-up and Temporary Attachments 12
5.14 Preheat 13
5.15 Weather Conditions 14
5.16 Welding 14
5.17 Post-Heating 16
6.0 POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT 16
6.1 Procedure 16
6.2 Additional Requirements 17
6.3 Cleaning of Piping 18
7.0 INSPECTION 18
7.1 Procedures 18
7.2 Methods 19
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SECTION TITLE PAGE
8.0 TESTING 22
8.1 General 22
8.2 Hardness Testing 22
8.3 Ferrite Measurement 24
8.4 Pressure Testing 24
8.5 Certificates 24
9.0 DOCUMENTATION 24
9.1 Introduction 24
9.2 Schedules/Reports 25
9.3 Prior to and During Fabrication 25
10.0 PRIOR TO SHIPMENT 26
10.1 Painting and Coatings 26

10.2 Packing/Storage 26
10.3 Warranty 26
Table 1 - Post bending heat treatment for carbon steels 27
Table 2 - Preheat for carbon steels 28
Table 3 - Examination classes 29
Table 4 - Extent of examination (NDE) for welded joints 30
Table 5 - Acceptance criteria for non-destructive examination of

circumferentially welded joints 31
Table 6 - Limits on radiographic sensitivity 32
Figure 1 A)B)C)D) - Branch reinforcement design 33
Figure 1 E)F) - Branch reinforcement design 34

Figure 1 G) - Bracing of branches up to NPS 1½ 35
Figure 2 - Dimensional tolerances for fabricated piping 36
Figure 3 - Proximity of welds 37

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1.0 SCOPE OF SPECIFICATION
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 This specification covers the general requirements for the fabrication, welding, inspection and testing of
shop or field fabricated pressure and process containing pipework and of all welded attachments.
1.1.2 All piping shall be fabricated, inspected and tested in accordance with the latest edition of ASME B31.3,
plus the additional requirements of this specification.
1.1.3 This specification applies to equipment for onshore oil and gas installations, processing facilities and
refineries, including items purchased either directly or as a part of a package.
1.1.4 The Vendor/Contractor shall comply fully with the provisions laid down in this specification. Any
exception must be authorised in writing by the Owner.
1.1.5 In the event of any conflict between this specification and GES P.01, or with any of the applicable codes
and standards, the Vendor/Contractor shall inform the Owner in writing and receive written clarification
from the Owner before proceeding with the work.
1.1.6 This General Engineering Specification will form part of the Purchase Order/Contract.
1.1.7 This specification does not cover the fabrication of transmission pipelines. Refer to GES R.03.
1.2 Other NOC Specifications
Where indicated in this specification, the following additional NOC Specifications shall apply:
GES P.01 - Piping Material Specification
GES P.10 - Erection and Testing of Steel Piping
GES W.01 - Welding Procedure and Welder Qualifications
GES W.03 - Post-Weld Heat Treatment of Materials
GES W.06 - Storage and Control of Welding Consumables
GES X.01 - Surface Preparation and Painting Application
2.0 DEFINITIONS
2.1 Technical
The technical terms used in this specification are defined as follows:
Weld Procedure Specification (WPS)
The document which lists the parameters to be used in producing weldments in accordance with this
specification.
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Welder Performance Qualification Test (WPQT)
The demonstration of a welder's skill in producing welds meeting prescribed standards.
Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
Any heat treatment, subsequent to welding, which may be designed to provide the welded joint with
desired properties.
SAW
Submerged Arc Welding
SMAW
Submerged Metal Arch Welding
GTAW
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
GMAW
Gas Metal Arch Welding
2.2 Contractual
The commercial terms used in this specification are defined as follows:
Owner
The oil or gas company, an associate or subsidiary, who is the end user of the piping system.
Vendor
The company supplying the equipment and material.
Contractor
The main Contractor for a defined piece of work (which could be exclusively piping fabrication).
Sub-contractor
A company awarded a contract by the Contractor to do part of the work awarded to the Contractor.
Inspection Authority
The organisation representing the Owner or Vendor/Contractor that verifies that the piping system has been
designed, constructed, inspected and tested in accordance with the requirements of this specification and
the Purchase Order/Contract.
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Inspector
A qualified individual representing the Owner, Vendor/Contractor or the assigned Inspection Authority,
who verifies that the piping system has been designed, fabricated, inspected and tested in accordance with
the requirements of this specification and Purchase Order/Contract.
3.0 DESIGN
3.1 Codes and Standards
3.1.1 The following codes and standards shall be used together with this document as specified by the Owner.
ASME B31.3 - Process Piping
ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Section II C - Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes and Filler Metals
Section V - Non destructive Examination
Section VIII - Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

Division 1:
Division 2: Alternative Rules
Section IX - Welding and Brazing Qualifications
ANSI PH1.28 & - Specifications for Photographic Film, Cellulose-ester and

ANSI PH1.41 Polyester Bases
ASTM A 370 - Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products
ASTM E110 - Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Metallic Materials by Portable
Hardness Testers.
AWS A5 XX Series - Filler Metal Specifications A5.1 to A5.24
International Institute of Welding (IIW) - Publication Volume No. 20 (1982)
* BS EN 462 Parts 1-5 - Specifications for Image Quality Indicators for Industrial Radiography
* DIN 54109 Parts 1-3 - Guidance on the use of Image Quality Indicators for Industrial
Radiography
* These specifications are listed as an alternative to the appropriate sections in ASME V.
4.0 MATERIALS
4.1 Construction Materials
4.1.1 All piping shall be specified in accordance with an applicable "Piping Class" provided in GES P.01.
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4.1.2 Unless specifically agreed with the Owner, materials for welded attachments shall match the chemical
composition and mechanical properties of the pressure parts.
4.2 Handling and Storage
4.2.1 All piping shall be clearly identified using a system approved by the Owner.
4.2.2 All piping materials shall be properly handled and stored to avoid any damage.
4.2.3 Particular attention shall be given to the handling and storage of stainless steels and non-ferrous metals in
order to avoid contamination (e.g. from contact with carbon steels and from salt spray).
5.0 FABRICATION
5.1 General
5.1.1 Wherever possible, fabrication shall be carried out under shop conditions and the number of field welds
shall be kept to a minimum.
5.1.2 The overall size and length of pipe spool pieces shall be limited by handling, shipping and erection
considerations only.
5.1.3 The location of field welds shall not be influenced by area match lines on layout drawings.
5.2 Butt-weld End Preparation
5.2.1 Weld neck flanges, butt-weld fittings and butt-weld valves shall be supplied with ends prepared in
accordance with ASME B16.25, unless otherwise required by the piping material or welding process used.
5.2.2 Butt-weld end preparation required during fabrication shall be as per Figure 328.4.2 (a) and (b) of ASME
B31.3. The preparation shall be compatible with the welding process to be used and shall be in accordance
with the approved welding procedure specification (WPS).
5.2.3 Whatever the end preparation supplied, the fabricator shall modify it as necessary to suit the applicable
WPS. Modification by weld build-up is only permitted with the approval of the Inspector and made in
accordance with a qualified procedure.
5.2.4 Spool pieces with ends for field fit welding shall have an excess 4 inch (100 mm) plain end length on one
end to allow for cutting and fitting.
5.2.5 Radial misalignment at the joining ends of piping components shall be limited to 1/16" (1.5 mm) or ¼ the
pipe wall thickness, whichever is the greater.
5.2.6 Internal radial misalignment in excess of that permitted shall be corrected by machining pipe ends in
accordance with Figure 328.4.3 (a) and (b) of ASME B31.3, provided this does not reduce the wall
thickness below the required minimum wall thickness.
5.3 Branch Connections
5.3.1 Where a branch connection is welded directly to the run pipe without the use of a weldolet type fitting, it
shall be of the set-on type as specified in Figure 328.4.4 (a) and (b) of ASME B31.3.
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5.3.2 Branch connections shall be joined to the run pipe with full penetration welds. Wherever possible, the
welds shall be inspected both internally and externally. Where reinforcing pads are to be fitted, this shall
be done as a subsequent step following any required inspection. All pads shall be supplied with a _" (3.2
mm) drilled vent hole.
5.3.3 On full size branch to run pipe connections, a forged fitting shall be used. Where this is not available, a full
encirclement reinforcement pad shall be used.
5.3.4 For oblique angle branches, the angle between the branch and the header shall not normally be less than
60°, although in certain circumstances 45° may be specified. For all angle branches, the fabricator shall
ensure that the WPS will produce satisfactory root penetration and fusion.
5.3.5 Where the piping design temperature exceeds 800°F (427°C) and/or the design pressure exceeds 580 psig
(4000 kPag), forged fittings only shall be used. The use of pad reinforced branch connections is not
permitted.
5.3.6 Design of reinforcement pads shall be in accordance with Figure 1 (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) of this
specification, unless expressly modified by other piping drawings. Holes in circular pad or holes in full
encirclement pad to be ¼" (6mm) diameter, through holes for pneumatic test at 7 psig (50 Kpag), threaded
with plug.
5.4 Bracing
5.4.1 The requirement for external bracing of small bore connections, up to NPS 1½, shall be specified on the
piping drawings.
5.4.2 The material used for welded gussets shall be of the same nominal chemistry as the connected parts, except
that for P1, P3, P4 and P5 materials, carbon steel may be substituted provided that P3, P4 and P5 gussets
are welded with a procedure suitable for that P number. This exception does not apply where the piping is
in Hydrogen service, or where the temperature is in excess of 890°F (477°C). (P Numbers as per ASME
Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code).
5.4.3 The use of bolted gusset designs is prohibited.
5.4.4 Where external bracings are specified, the design shall be in accordance with Figure 1 (g) of this
specification, unless specifically modified by other piping drawings.
5.5 Pipe Bends
5.5.1 Pipe bends may be specified either for convenience on small bore systems or where specific long radius
bends are required.
5.5.2 Pipe for bending shall include no circumferential butt-welds and shall preferably be seamless. Where
longitudinally welded pipe is used, the weld shall be along the neutral axis of the bend and shall be
subjected to 100% crack detection following bending.
5.5.3 The wall thickness of pipe bends shall be equivalent to that of the mating pipe.
5.5.4 The minimum bend radius, measured along the centre line axis, shall be 5 times the nominal pipe size.
5.5.5 All bending shall be in accordance with paragraph 332 of ASME B31.3.
5.5.6 Any bending, hot or cold, and any subsequent post-bending heat treatment shall be carried out in
accordance with a written procedure which has been approved by the Owner.
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5.5.7 Bending of carbon steel may be carried out using either hot or cold methods.
5.5.8 Cold bending of carbon steel shall be carried out at a temperature below 840°F (449°C), and any
requirement for post-bending heat treatment shall be in accordance with Table 1 of this specification.
5.5.9 Hot bending of carbon steel shall be carried out in the temperature range 1470°F (799°C) to 2010°F
(1099°C), and cooling, following bending, shall be in still air in order to achieve the normalised condition.
5.5.10 The increase in temperature during all heating and heat treatment operations shall be carried out in a
uniform and controlled manner in order to avoid burning and excessive scaling. The use of hand held gas
torches is not permitted.
5.5.11 Bending of stainless steel pipe shall be performed cold, at ambient temperatures. Where the size and/or
wall thickness of pipe is such that cold bending is impracticable, hot bending may be carried out. Hot
bending shall be followed by solution heat treatment.
5.5.12 If it is necessary to bend, hot or cold, any piping material other than carbon steel and stainless steel, a
detailed procedure which includes any proposed heat treatment shall be submitted for approval by the
Owner, prior to the commencement of any work.
5.5.13 Following bending operations, thickness checks shall be carried out on all bends using ultrasonic thickness
gauging. The technique used and the extent of checking shall be subject to the approval of the Inspector.
5.5.14 Bends shall be free of buckling, cracks, gouges, corrugations, die marks and heavy scale.
5.5.15 After hot bending or post-bending heat treatment, the interior of the pipe shall be de-scaled and cleaned by
pickling, blasting or mechanical means.
5.5.16 The use of welded pipe bends (mitre bends) is not permitted, unless specifically allowed by the Piping
Material Specification.
5.6 Dimensional Tolerances
5.6.1 This section defines dimensional tolerances which are additional to those specified by ASME B31.3.
Tolerances are applicable to all fabricated piping.
5.6.2 Dimensions indicated as "A" in Figure 2 shall have the following tolerances depending on nominal pipe
size. Where more than one size is included within the dimensions, the smaller size shall govern.
Up to & including NPS 10 36 48 60 72

(inches)
3 7 9
Tolerances inches (mm) _" /16" /32" ¼" /32"
(3.2) (4.8) (5.6) (6.4) (7.2)
5.6.3 Misalignment at flanged or welded ends shall be within the limits indicated in Figure 2.
5.7 Proximity of Welds
5.7.1 Designs where the separation "s" between adjacent welds is less than that shown in Figure 3, shall be
avoided. Depending on material a hardness test should verify "s".
5.7.2 The locations of longitudinal and circumferential pipe welds shall be arranged such that the minimum weld
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separation as required by Figure 3 are maintained.
5.7.3 Where unavoidable circumstances result in adjacent welds closer than that permitted by Figure 3, the
following procedures shall be applied to the portion of each weld not meeting the minimum requirements:
(a) If both welds are pressure welds and the material is carbon steel, then a circumferential band
which includes both welds shall be stress relieved.
(b) Each weld shall be considered Examination Class I (see Table 3). Where the second weld or
welded attachment will obscure the first, the necessary examination of the first weld shall be
performed before the second weld is made.
5.8 Flanges
5.8.1 Flange bolt holes shall straddle the horizontal and vertical centre lines unless specified otherwise, or at
equipment flanges where they shall match the orientation of the mating flanges.
5.8.2 Slip-on flanges shall be welded to pipe by front and back welds as per Figure 328.5.2B (1) of ASME
B31.3. The distance from the flange face to the pipe end shall be equal to the pipe wall thickness plus
3mm. The inside fillet weld shall be applied so that the flanges do not require refacing.
5.8.3 Internal weld surfaces at orifice flanges, and other flow measuring instruments, shall be ground flush.
5.8.4 During fabrication, damage to sealing/seating surfaces of flanges and other mechanical joint fittings shall
be avoided. In particular, such surfaces shall be protected during any post-weld heat treatment by the
application of a suitable coating (e.g. Berkatekt 105).
5.8.5 Where installed together, flanged valves and check valves shall have a flanged pipe spool piece installed
between them to allow for bolt removal and insertion.
5.8.6 All machine and stud bolts shall be supplied at the correct length for the connection i.e., no more than 3
threads projecting from the nut. The length of machine and stud bolts shall be such that all nuts are fully
engaged. The use of washers or other packing to take up any excess length of flange bolts is prohibited.
5.9 Joints
5.9.1 All threaded pipe joints, including thermowell nozzles, shall be made utilizing taper pipe threads (NPT) as
per ASME B1.20.1.
5.9.2 All threaded connections, not requiring seal welding, shall be made using jointing compounds or sealing
tapes which are suitable for the service conditions.
5.9.3 All threading of pipe shall be done following any bending, forging or heat treatment. Where this is
impractical, thread protection shall be provided and threads shall subsequently be checked for roundness
and fit. If found to be unsatisfactory, threads shall be chased with a die or tap. Minimum pipe wall
thickness shall be maintained.
5.9.4 The use of pipe unions is prohibited between process vessels, lines or equipment and the first block valve.
5.9.5 Pipe unions NPS ¾ to NPS 1½ may be used at connection points to machinery, except in lines handling
toxic materials.
5.10 Seal Welding

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5.10.1 Seal welding of threaded connections shall be performed using electrodes of _" (3.2) mm diameter or less,
using a welding current at the low end of the range. A minimum of 2 weld passes shall be used and the seal
weld deposit shall cover all exposed threads.
5.10.2 Plugs and caps for drain and vent valves shall not be seal welded.
5.10.3 Joints to be seal welded shall be free of sealing compound, pipe dope and cutting oil, prior to welding.
5.11 Socket Welds
5.11.1 Prior to welding, the pipe shall be set into the socket as shown in Figure 328.5.2(c) of ASME B31.3 with a
minimum gap of 1/16" (1.6 mm).
5.11.2 Welding shall be completed using a minimum of 2 passes.
5.12 Cutting and Weld Preparation
5.12.1 Weld preparations may be cut, gouged or profiled using any mechanical or thermal method, mechanically
guided where practicable, with the following exception:
(a) For all non-ferrous alloys, thermal cutting shall be limited to the plasma-arc process. Carbon-arc
gouging and oxy-fuel gas methods are specifically prohibited.
5.12.2 When thermally cutting carbon steels, preheat shall be applied in accordance with Table 2.
5.12.3 When thermally cutting all other materials, preheat shall be in accordance with Table 330.1.1 of ASME
B31.3.
5.12.4 Weld bevels in materials P4 and below, which have been thermally cut, shall have all grooves, irregularities
and all surface oxidation ground or filed off.
5.12.5 Weld bevels in materials P5 and higher alloys, which have been thermally cut, shall have all heat affected
base metal removed by grinding or machining back the cut edge by a minimum of 1/16" (1.6 mm).
5.12.6 Prior to the start of welding, bevel edges and a minimum of 1" (25 mm) shall be thoroughly cleaned of
contaminants which could adversely affect weld quality e.g. oxides, oils, grease, paint, bitumen and NDE
materials.
5.13 Fit-up and Temporary Attachments
5.13.1 Piping components requiring welding shall be set up in such a manner as to hold the parts in alignment and
to maintain the root gap within the range specified in the WPS in order to obtain full root penetration. Pipe
clamps, clips, bridging pieces or any other equipment acceptable to the Inspector may be utilised for this
purpose.
5.13.2 All fit-up and temporary attachments welds, whether tack welds in the weld groove or welds attaching clips
or bridge pieces, shall be performed by welders using weld procedures (including preheat) satisfying the
requirements of this specification and GES W.01.
5.13.3 For all tack welding, preheat shall be applied in accordance with the applicable WPS which is to be used
for the actual pipe welding. Clamp bridging materials shall be compatible with the material being welded.
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5.13.4 Where bridge clamps are used, they shall be welded on one side only, using electrodes permitted in the
applicable WPS for the weld execution. For wall thicknesses under 0.3" (8 mm), 0.1", (2.5 mm) diameter
electrodes shall be used. Clamp bridging materials shall be compatible with the material being welded.
5.13.5 All tack welds in the welding groove shall be removed during weld execution.
5.13.6 The use of temporary supports or anchors welded to the pipe are not permitted, unless specifically
authorised by the Inspector.
5.13.7 No undercutting of the pipe wall is permitted.
5.13.8 The removal of fit-up and temporary attachments shall be carried out in such a way that no damage is
caused to the pipe wall. Hammering off is not permitted.
5.13.9 Any damage to the pipe wall shall be repaired by grinding and, if necessary, by welding. Grinding shall be
carried out in a manner not to reduce the wall thickness below the minimum thickness. A weld repair
procedure approved by the Inspector shall be used for any such repairs.
5.13.10 All remnants of temporary attachments shall be removed by grinding or filing.
5.14 Preheat
5.14.1 When weld preheat is a requirement of the WPS, it shall also be performed prior to tack welding and to
thermal cutting operations.
5.14.2 Preheat shall be applied by means of oxy-propane gas heating torches, electric resistance heating pads or
induction heating. The use of any other method is permitted only with the approval of the Inspector.
5.14.3 The preheating temperatures shall be as follows:
(a) For carbon steels, temperatures shall be in accordance with Table 2 of this document.
(b) For all other materials, temperatures shall be in accordance with Table 330.1.1 of ASME B31.3.
5.14.4 The maximum inter-pass temperature below which the weld must cool before each pass will be specified on
the WPS and typically these are:
(a) Carbon steels - 572°F (300°C)
(b) Austenitic stainless steels - 302°F (150°C)
(c) For all other materials, maximum inter-pass temperatures shall be subject to agreement with the
Owner.
5.14.5 All welders engaged in welding joints for which preheat is specified shall have heating and temperature
checking equipment available at all times.
5.14.6 The width of the band to be preheated shall be at least 6 times the pipe wall thickness or 4" (100 mm)
whichever is the greater.
5.14.7 Preheat shall be maintained throughout the full welding cycle. If welding is interrupted, the cooling rate
shall be controlled to prevent detrimental effects in the pipe. Preheat shall be reapplied in line with the
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WPS requirements prior to resuming welding.
5.14.8 For any weld, the inter-pass temperature shall not be allowed to drop below the minimum specified preheat
temperature until completion of not less than 30% of final weld depth.
5.14.9 Preheat and inter-pass temperatures shall be measured by thermocouples, temperature indicating crayons
(colour change type only), contact pyrometer or equivalent approved by the Inspector.
5.14.10 Temperature indicating crayons for use on austenitic stainless steels and nickel based alloys shall be of a
type proven not to be detrimental to the base material.
5.15 Weather Conditions
5.15.1 No welding will take place when adverse weather conditions exist (e.g. rain, wind, sand/dust storms),
unless adequate protection is supplied to protect the welder and the joint, so that the weather has no adverse
effects on the weld quality.
5.15.2 Where the weld area is wet from condensation, rain, frost, etc., the joint shall be dried using oxy-propane
flame heating, prior to weld commencement.
5.15.3 If the metal temperature is below that specified in the WPS, the temperature shall be raised using oxy-
propane flame heating, prior to weld commencement.
5.16 Welding
5.16.1 All welding shall be carried out using welding procedures and welders qualified in accordance with GES
W.01 and the latest edition of ASME Code, Section IX. NB: it is recommended practice that the root pass
be made using GTAW welding process.
5.16.2 All welding consumables shall be stored and handled in accordance with GES W.06.
5.16.3 The root pass of butt joints and branch connections shall be made in such way that full, regular penetration
is assured.
5.16.4 The maximum root reinforcement shall be _" (3 mm) with the following exceptions:
(a) For lines less than NPS 2, the maximum root reinforcement shall be 1/16" (1.6 mm).
(b) For "pigged" lines, the maximum root reinforcement shall be 1/16" (1.6 mm).
5.16.5 Where root reinforcement exceeds the above limits and the root is accessible, all excess penetration shall be
removed by grinding. Where the root is inaccessible, the joint shall be cut and rewelded.
5.16.6 Intake and inter-stage piping for compressors shall have all root penetration carefully ground-off flush with
the internal diameter of the pipe using a fine grained grinding wheel. Where this is not possible, the root
pass shall be made using the GTAW welding process with the root internal being protected from oxidation
by an internal inert gas purge during welding.
5.16.7 Root concavity and undercut shall be considered acceptable providing:
(a) The length and depth of any concavity or undercut does not exceed the acceptance criteria for each
material group as defined in Table 5 of this specification.
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(b) That there is a smooth transition between any concavity or undercut and the parent material.
5.16.8 Where root defects are accessible for repair from the root side, this shall be carried out by grinding or
welding or both. Root defects which are not accessible from the root side shall be cut out and rewelded.
5.16.9 Following completion of the root pass, the joint shall normally be welded out immediately. It is not
permitted to move any pipe until at least 50% of the joint thickness has been completed.
5.16.10 Striking of the arc on the pipe wall, outside of the weld bevel, is not permitted.
5.16.11 During welding, all weld passes shall be thoroughly cleaned to ensure freedom from any slag, defects or
irregularities which might compromise the integrity of any subsequent passes. On completion of welding,
the joint shall be thoroughly cleaned of all slag and weld spatter.
5.16.12 External weld reinforcement shall not exceed the limits in Table 5 of this specification or _" (3 mm),
whichever is the lesser, and shall blend smoothly with the parent metal.
5.16.13 The weld toes shall be free from any sharp notches caused by chisels or saw blades used for cleaning the
weld. Filing is permitted, providing no sharp cuts are produced.
5.16.14 On completion of welding, joints shall be marked as follows:
(a) For materials intended for service above -20°F (-29°C), weld joints shall be stamped with the
welders identification immediately adjacent to the weld, using "low stress" stamps.
(b) For materials intended for service below -20°F (-29°C), hard stamping is not permitted.
Alternatives which may be used are etching, the use of paint markers, or any other alternative
system approved by the Inspector.
5.16.15 Low hydrogen (basic) welding processes shall be used for all pressure containing welds, except that the
root pass of carbon steel materials with a specified minimum UTS (Ultimate Tensile Strength) of less than
80,000 psi (550 MPa), P1 Groups 1 and 2, may be welded using a non-low hydrogen process.
5.17 Post-Heating
5.17.1 Where heating after welding is specified to allow hydrogen to diffuse out of the weld area, it shall be
carried out immediately following weld completion and the weld shall not be allowed to cool down.
5.17.2 The equipment used for preheating may be used for post-heating.
5.17.3 Unless specified otherwise, cooling shall be in still air or under a mineral wool blanket if there is a risk of
excessively rapid cooling, due to wind effects.
6.0 POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT (PWHT)
6.1 Procedure
6.1.1 Post-weld heat treatment, if specified, shall be carried out in accordance with Table 331.1.1 of ASME
B31.3. The post-weld heat treatment procedure shall be subject to the Inspector's approval prior to
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fabrication.
6.1.2 All PWHT shall be performed after completion of all welding, there shall be no welding of, or onto,
pressure parts after PWHT, unless the full PWHT cycle is repeated after welding. There shall be no
heating of pressure parts following PWHT.
6.1.3 The use of exothermic heat treatment and direct flame impingement is not permitted.
6.1.4 The post-weld heat treatment temperature shall be continuously recorded during the heating, soak (hold
period) and cooling cycles while the temperature is above 572°F (300°C). Sufficient thermocouples shall
be attached to indicate the metal temperature in all areas around the joint during PWHT. A minimum of 2
thermocouples shall be used for piping up to and including 4 inch and a minimum of 3 thermocouples for
piping 6 inch and above. The temperature output of every thermocouple shall be recorded.
6.1.5 The post-weld heat treatment temperature record shall contain the following information:
(a) date;
(b) identification of weldment;
(c) thermocouple type;
(d) location and labelling of thermocouples;
(e) PWHT contractor;
(f) PWHT operator and signature;
(g) chart recorder identification, certificate and date of last calibration;
(h) Owner's Purchase Order/Contract number, drawing number, line number.
6.1.6 Unless specified otherwise, the heating rate, hold period and cooling rate shall be as follows:
(a) Heating Rate
Temperature Heating Rate (°C per hour)
Ambient to 572°F (300°C) - Not specified
Above 572°F (300°C) - 392°F (200°C) or 5600/T whichever is less
(T = the greater of the specified base material or the actual deposited weld material thickness
in mm. The heating rate shall always be greater than 80°F (27°C) per hour.)
The minimum cooling rate shall be 80°F (27°C) per hour.
6.2 Additional Requirements
6.2.1 The welding of equipment in "severe service" (i.e. hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide, caustic, cyanide, etc) shall
include the following:
(a) PWHT shall be performed as part of the welding of carbon, low alloy and chromium steels,
regardless of base metal thickness or welding preheat.
(b) The PWHT procedure outlined in ASME B31.3 shall be followed, except that the exemptions
provided in Table 331.1.1 or in paragraph 331.1 based on nominal wall thickness are not
permitted.
(c) Socket welded and seal welded threaded connections for all pipe sizes shall also be post-weld heat
treated.
Rev 0 1999
6.3 Cleaning of Piping
6.3.1 After completion of fabrication and, where applicable, PWHT, all piping shall be thoroughly cleaned
outside and inside to remove all weld spatter, slag, loose scale, sand, etc.
6.3.2 If water is used to clean piping assemblies, the pipework shall be dried using dry compressed air
immediately after washing. For austenitic stainless steel, water used for cleaning shall not contain more
than 30 ppm of chlorides.
7.0 INSPECTION
7.1 Procedures
Inspection of all piping components shall be as per ASME B31.3 except as modified by this specification.
7.1.1 Examination Class
Each piping class has an examination class which specifies the minimum level of Non-destructive Testing
(NDE) for welds. The examination class for each piping class is determined by the requirements of ASME
B31.3, process duty and material of construction. The general rules for establishing examination class are
given in Table 3.
7.1.2 Extent of NDE
The type and extent of NDE is given in Table 4 of this specification.
7.1.3 Timing of NDE
NDE shall be performed as soon as possible after completion of each weld, in order that action can be taken
as quickly as possible to modify welder technique and WPS details (subject to the Owner's approval), in the
light of any defects which may be revealed.
For all materials, whenever PWHT is specified, all NDE shall be performed after completion of PWHT.
For as-welded carbon steel exceeding ¾" (19 mm) thickness or with a minimum specified UTS in excess of
65,000 psi (450 MPa) at any thickness, final NDE shall be performed at least 48 hours after weld
completion.
7.1.4 General Requirements for Examinations
All examination procedures and qualifications shall be subject to approval by the Inspector.
The Inspector shall have free access to all work areas and to all documentation concerned with the works at
all times.
All required examinations shall be satisfactorily completed, prior to the authorisation of any pressure
testing.
Examination by the Inspector does not relieve the Vendor/Contractor of his obligation to carry out all
required inspections.
7.1.5 Acceptance Criteria

Rev 0 1999
Acceptance criteria for non-destructive examination of welds shall be in accordance with Table 5 of this
specification.
7.2 Methods
7.2.1 Visual Examination
All welds shall be subject to 100% visual examination externally for surface and surface breaking defects.
Wherever possible, the bore side of welded joints shall be visually examined, using introscopes/boroscopes,
where necessary.
7.2.2 Magnetic Particle Examination (Ferritic Steels)
Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) shall be carried out to supplement the visual examination as specified
in each examination class. Examination shall be carried out in accordance with ASME Code, Section V,
except that the current flow technique is not permitted.
All welds, designated as being in "sour service", including attachment welds and all areas where temporary
"fit-up" attachments have been removed, which cannot be radiographed, shall be subject to 100% MPI.
7.2.3 Dye Penetrant Examination (Materials Other Than Ferritic Steels)
Dye Penetrant Inspection (DPI) shall be carried out to supplement the visual examination as specified in
each examination class. Examination shall be carried out in accordance with ASME Code, Section V.
Dye Penetrant Inspection shall be substituted for Magnetic Particle Inspection as per 7.2.2 above where the
material is non-magnetic or the joint geometry or accessibility does not permit the use of MPI.
7.2.4 Radiographic Examination
(a) When partial examination is specified, the required proportion of the work of each welder shall be
inspected.
(b) Where the extent of examination is shown as 10%, this shall be defined as 100% inspection of a
minimum of 1 in 10 of those welds indicated. The welds to be examined shall be selected by the
Inspector so that 10% of each welder's work is included, including the first production weld in
each position for each welding procedure.
(c) An accurate record shall be kept of the quality and extent of each welder's work, the balance of the
10% minimum radiographic requirement shall consist of random examination of each welder's
work progressively throughout the entire job.
(d) The required proportion of welds shall be examined for each pipe size under fabrication.
(e) If defects are identified during partial radiography, then progressive examinations in accordance
with paragraph 341.3.4 of ASME B31.3 shall be carried out.
When additional examinations are required, they shall be made immediately after the defective
weld is identified and are in addition to the minimum required partial examination of the welded
joints.
(f) All shop radiography up to and including ¾" (19 mm) wall thickness shall use x-radiography.
Rev 0 1999
Gamma radiography may be used for thicknesses above ¾" (19 mm). Gamma radiography shall
only be used on thicknesses of ¾" (19 mm) and below with the Inspector's approval when x-
radiography is considered to be impractical, i.e. construction sites. The gamma source shall be
Iridium 192 unless specifically agreed otherwise with the Inspector.
(g) For Class I welds, ultra-fine grain film shall be used (D4 or equivalent). For all other weld
classes, fine grain films shall be used (D7 or equivalent). Film grades D4 and D7 are in
accordance with ANSI PH1.28 and PH1.41.
(h) Image quality indicators (IQIs) shall be of the wire type in accordance with ASME Boiler and
Pressure Vessel Code, Section V (or alternatively BS 3971 or DIN 54109, Part I), and shall be
placed on the source side, where accessible. Where this is not possible, the IQI shall be placed on
the film side and identified by the lead letters "FS". A contractual sensitivity value shall be
established in this instance based on reference radiographs of specimen test pieces with IQIs of the
same model located on both source side and film side surfaces, using the same technique as will be
used on production welds. The contractual sensitivity will be assessed from the source side IQI
and correlated to the sensitivity achieved with the film side IQI and that of subsequent production
radiographs.
(i) The radiographic sensitivity shall meet the requirements of Table 6 of this specification.
(j) The use of fluorescent intensifying screens such as calcium tungstate is not permitted.
(k) Where the radiographic source is on the outside of the pipe, a minimum of 3 films per joint shall
be used.
(l) A minimum of 5% of socket welded joints from each welder's work shall be radiographed. Where
defective welds and improper fit-up (e.g. no gap between the end of the pipe or tube and the
shoulder of the socket as specified in Figure 328.5.2c of ANSI B31.3) are identified, they shall be
repaired and radiographed. Two additional welds made by the same welder shall be radiographed
immediately as designated by the Inspector. These progressive examinations are in addition to the
minimum specified examination requirements of 5% of socket welds.
(m) Piping which is designed for pneumatic field testing shall be subjected to the following additional
examinations:
(1) all manually welded longitudinal joints shall be 100% radiographed;
(2) the first 250 mm of each machine welded longitudinal joint shall be radiographed;
(3) all butt-welds in pipe greater than 12″ NPS shall be subject to 100% radiographic
examination;
(4) all butt-welds in pipe, 12″ NPS and less, shall be fully examined using either MPI (for
ferromagnetic materials) or DPI (for non-magnetic materials). This examination is
additional to any partial radiographic examination which may be specified;
(5) as an alternative to subparagraphs 7.2.4 (m), (1), (2), (3) and (4), piping which is
designed for pneumatic field testing may be hydrostatically tested in accordance with
ASME B31.3, prior to erection.
(n) Bi-metallic welds (i.e. welds between different base metals, e.g. carbon steel to stainless steel)
shall be 100% radiographed.
Rev 0 1999
(o) For weld joints designated as being in "severe service", 100% radiography of all butt-welds shall
be carried out.
7.2.5 Ultrasonic Examination
(a) Where the piping wall exceeds 1¼" (32 mm) thickness, and a single wall radiographic technique
cannot be used, 100% ultrasonic examination shall be used in lieu of radiographic examination.
(b) Ultrasonic examination of branch connection welds in lieu of radiographic examination may be
carried out only with the express approval of the Inspector. Full and detailed ultrasonic
procedures shall be submitted to the Inspector for approval, prior to any such examination
commencing.
(c) Where ultrasonic examination is specified, it shall be performed in accordance with ASME Code,
Section V, Articles 5 & 23 (SE 213).
8.0 TESTING
8.1 General
Testing of all piping components shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3, except as modified by this
section as given below.
8.2 Hardness Testing
8.2.1 Hardness surveys of deposited weld metal, heat affected zone and adjacent base material shall be conducted
whenever:
(a) any form of heat treatment has been performed on the weldment;
(b) the line is designated as being in sour service.
8.2.2 Hardness testing shall be carried out using the portable Brinell method described in ASTM E110 using
either the "Poldi" or "Tele Brineller" equipment. The use of any other test equipment, such as "Equotip" or
"Minodur" shall be subject to written agreement with the Owner.
8.2.3 Hardness measurement shall be performed using equipment and operators that have demonstrated to the
Owner's satisfaction that reliable measurement can be obtained. Hardness measurement equipment
calibration shall be performed periodically by the Vendor/Contractor, or when requested by the Inspector to
ensure acceptable equipment performance.
8.2.4 The diameter of the indentation ball shall be no smaller than 0.28" (7 mm) and no larger than 0.4" (10
mm).
8.2.5 The hardness of the reference bar shall be within +12.5% of the maximum permitted hardness value for the
material under test.
8.2.6 For welds, each check shall consist of three indents, one in the weld bead, one in the Heat Affected Zone as
close as practicable to the edge of the weld and the other in the base material.
8.2.7 If accessible, hardness measurements shall be taken on the process side of the weldment, otherwise the
hardness of the non-process side shall be measured.
8.2.8 The minimum number of welded joints or pipe bends to be examined following PWHT, in order to
Rev 0 1999
determine that the hardness values fall within the specified range shall be as follows:
(a) When complete spools are furnace heat treated, 10% of welds and 10% of bends shall be hardness
surveyed.
(b) When heat treated by any other method (e.g. local PWHT), 100% of welds and 100% of bends
shall be hardness surveyed.
8.2.9 When hardness testing is a requirement because the system is in "sour service", the frequency of hardness
testing shall be as follows:
(a) For P1 and P8 materials 10% of welds shall be hardness surveyed.
(b) For all other materials every weld shall be surveyed.
8.2.10 The results obtained from hardness testing shall comply with the following table:
MATERIAL DESIGNATION & P NO HARDNESS BRINELL

(HB) MAXIMUM
Carbon Steel (P1) 200
Low Alloy Steels (P3, P4) 225
Chromium Steels (P5, P6, P7) 235
Austenitic Stainless Steels (P8) 225

Low Alloy & Corrosion Resistant Steels (P10) 215
8.2.11 Hardness testing is not required on seal welds in piping materials P1, P3, P4 and P5.
8.2.12 When a hardness survey shows that a weld does not comply with the requirements of the above table, then
progressive examinations shall be required. For each weld not complying with this specification, two
additional joints selected by the Inspector shall be tested.
8.3 Ferrite Measurement
8.3.1 The ferrite content of austenitic stainless steel weld deposits is determined in order to assess the crack
resistant nature of the deposit. The ferrite content of the deposit shall be between 4 FN and 10 FN
inclusive as determined by the DeLong diagram, (I.I.W. publication Vol No.20 (1982) pages 70.4), or by
an alternative method approved by the Owner.
8.4 Pressure Testing
8.4.1 Hydrostatic testing shall normally be carried out after erection of complete piping systems, thus testing of
individual sections of shop fabricated pipework is not normally required. However, if shop hydrostatic
testing is specified or is carried out per paragraph 7.2.4 (m), (s), then it shall be carried out in accordance
with ASME B31.3.
Rev 0 1999
8.4.2 Shop hydrostatic testing is required for completed fired heater tube assemblies, coiled elements, or any
piping subject to the ASME Boiler Pressure Vessel Code. All fittings, flanges, couplings, etc shall be
tested. Test pressure shall be 1.5 times design pressure, but not less than 200 psig (1380 kPag).
8.5 Certificates
On completion of each testing activity, the Vendor/Contractor shall generate a test certificate detailing all
applicable data which shall be signed by the Vendor/Contractors employee responsible for supervising the
test, the Owner's representative and/or the Inspection Authority as appropriate.
9.0 DOCUMENTATION
9.1 Introduction
This section covers the documentation required for materials, fabrication, inspection and testing of
pressure and process piping.
The special documentation requirements for pressure and process containing piping fabrications are given
below.
9.2 Schedules/Reports
9.2.1 The Vendor/Contractor shall supply with his tender a schedule showing submission of all documents for
review and approval, proposed sub-contractors and material procurement and a production/fabrication
programme.
9.2.2 The Vendor/Contractor shall submit with his tender, a Quality Plan for the project.
9.2.3 Monthly reports on design, material procurement and production progress shall be submitted to the Owner.
9.3 Prior to and During Fabrication
9.3.1 Full documentation of all activities shall be maintained and it is the responsibility of the Vendor/Contractor
to collate all documentation and certification relating to a specific contract and to generate and issue data
books in accordance with contract requirements. As a minimum, these data books shall include the
following, where applicable:
(a) Quality Plans

(b) Schedule of Sub-orders (parts list)
(c) Material Certificates of Conformity
(d) Welding Procedures
(e) Weld Repair Procedures
(f) Welding Qualification Certificates
(g) Welding/Material Maps
(h) NDE Procedures
(i) NDE Operator Qualifications
(j) NDE Inspection Reports
(k) Heat Treatment Procedures
Rev 0 1999
(l) Heat Treatment Charts/Reports

(m) Applicable Operating Procedures
(n) Pressure Test Procedures
(o) Pressure Test Reports
(p) Inspection Reports
(q) Concession Documents
(r) Release Notes
(s) Certificate of Conformity
(t) Dimensional Test Certificates.
9.3.2 The data books shall be compiled in such a manner that cross referencing can take place and all sections of
the data book shall be indexed.
9.3.3 All appropriate documentation and certification necessary to complete the contract data shall be collated,
checked and authorised by the Inspector prior to despatch.
10.0 PRIOR TO SHIPMENT
10.1 Painting and Coatings
10.1.1 All shop fabricated piping requiring subsequent painting at site shall have one shop primer coat applied in
accordance with GES X.01. Joints to be site welded shall have a protective tape wrapping prior to
painting.
10.1.2 All machined or threaded surfaces of carbon steel and ferrous materials with an alloy content of less than
12% chromium shall have a coating of rust inhibitor applied to protect against corrosion during shipment
and subsequent storage. This shall be of a type which shall be readily removable using mineral spirits or
any standard solvent and should provide protection against a normal industrial environment for a period of
24 months outdoor storage.
10.2 Packing/Storage
10.2.1 This section describes the minimum requirement for the preservation and protection of fabricated pipe
spools during sea and land transportation, and storage prior to installation.
10.2.2 On completion of all shop fabrication, inspection and testing, the fabricated pipe sections shall be prepared
for shipment as follows:
(a) Bevel ends shall be protected by firmly attached end caps or covers.
(b) The entire gasket face of flanges shall be protected by firmly attached plastic, wooden or
hardboard protectors.
(c) Plastic, wooden or metal caps or plugs shall be fitted to socket weld or threaded connections.
10.2.3 Braces shall be used to support small branches and small header attachments to prevent damage during
handling, shipping and storage. No welding of these braces to the pipe is permitted.
10.2.4 Care shall be taken during handling shipping and storage to avoid damage to pipes and pipe bevel ends.
Any damage resulting from incorrect handling, shipping and storage shall be rectified by the
Rev 0 1999
Vendor/Contractor at his own cost.
10.3 Warranty
The Vendor/Contractor shall warrant all equipment, materials and services supplied against any defect for
a period of 12 months after commissioning or 24 months from the date of delivery to site, whichever is the
shorter period, or for the period stipulated in the Purchase Order/Contract.
Should any item be found defective, the Vendor/Contractor shall be responsible for all costs associated
with restoring the equipment to the standard specified by the Purchase Order/Contract.
S:\NOC9077\ADMIN\SPECIFICATIONS\P-SERIES\P-09\GESP09RF
Rev 0 1999
TABLE 1 - POST BENDING HEAT TREATMENT FOR CARBON STEELS
MATERIAL HEAT TREATMENT

AND
SERVICE
CALCULATED ELONGATION OF OUTER FIBRE (e) Note (a)
5% < e < 10% 10% < e < 20% e > 20%

Non-impact tested (sour No heat treatment SR N
service not specified) required
Non-impact tested (sour SR SR N

service specified)
Impact tested (all services) SR N N
SR - Stress relieve in accordance with Table 331.1.1 of ASME B31.3 and Section 6.0 of this
specification.
N - Normalise by heating uniformly to within the temperature range 1650°F to 1720°F (900°C to
940°C), soaking for a minimum of 10 minutes and cooling in still air.
Note (a) e% = 100t/2r, where r = bend radius, t = pipe OD.

Rev 0 1999
TABLE 2 - PREHEAT FOR CARBON STEELS
MINIMUM PREHEAT °F (°C)

Material Type Combined
Thickness
(a) in. (mm)
Non-low Low Hydrogen Extra Low

Hydrogen Welding (b) and Hydrogen
Welding Thermal Cutting Welding (c)
Carbon steel up Up to 1.18 (30) 50 (10) 50 (10) 50 (10)
to and including Up to 1.57 (40) 165 (74) 50 (10) 50 (10)
65,000 psi Up to 2.0 (50) 210 (99) 50 (10) 50 (10)
(450 N/mm2) Up to 2.4 (60) 255 (124) 50 (10) 50 (10)
minimum specified Over 2.4 (60) 300 (150) 120 (49) 50 (10)
UTS
Carbon steel over Up to 0.80 (20) Not permitted 50 (10) 50 (10)

65,000 psi Up to 1.18 (30) Not permitted 210 (99) 70 (21)
(450 N/mm2) Up to 1.57 (40) Not permitted 255 (124) 165 (74)
minimum specified Up to 2.0 (50) Not permitted 300 (149) 210 (99)
UTS Up to 2.4 (60) Not permitted 300 (149) 255 (124)
Over 2.4 (60) Not permitted 300 (149) 300 (149)
Note
(a) Combined thickness is the sum of material thicknesses which provide a heat conductive path away from
the weld/cut.
(b) Low hydrogen processes are SMAW and SAW processes with basic type coatings/fluxes yielding less than
10 ml hydrogen per 100 g weld metal.
(c) Extra low hydrogen processes are those processes yielding less than 5 ml hydrogen per 100 g weld metal
including SMAW and SAW with basic type coatings/fluxes and GTAW and GMAW processes.
Rev 0 1999
TABLE 3 - EXAMINATION CLASSES
EXAMINATION CLASS
MATERIAL
P-Nos in Accordance With (ASME B16.5 RATING)

Table A-1 OF ASME B31.3
CLASS I CLASS II CLASS III CLASS IV

P-1 Carbon Steel 900 - 2500 150 - 600 - -
P-1 Cement Lined - - All -
Carbon Steel
P-3, P-4, P-5, P-6, P-7 All - - -
Austenitic Stainless Steels 900 - 2500 150 - 600 - -

Duplex Stainless Steel All - - -
Non-Ferrous Materials All - - -
Note:
The process duty shall also be taken into consideration when assigning examination class. For example, weld joints
designated as being in `severe service' will automatically be assigned as Class I.
Rev 0 1999
TABLE 4 - EXTENT OF EXAMINATION (NDE) FOR WELDED JOINTS
Examination Examination Applicable Percentage Examination

Class Methods Materials
Butt Welds Branch Welds Fillet/Socket Attachment

Welds Welds
I Visual All 100 100 100 100
Radiograph All 100 100 100 NR

(Note a)
Mag Particle Ferrous 100 100 100 (see 100

Austenitic SS note b)
Dye Penetrant Duplex SS & 100 100 100 100

Non-ferrous
II Visual All 100 100 100 100
Radiograph All 10 10 10 NR
(Note a)
Mag Particle Ferrous 10 10 10 (see 10

Austenitic SS note b)
Dye Penetrant Duplex SS & 10 10 10 10

Non-ferrous
III (Note c) Visual CS 100 100 100 100
Mag Particle CS 100 100 100 100
IV (Note d) Visual All 100 100 100 100
NR - Not required
Note:
(a) The Buyer shall specify ultrasonic examination when radiography is inappropriate.
(b) Does not apply to socket welds < NPS 1½.
(c) Examination Class III is applicable to carbon steel concrete lined pipe.
(d) Examination Class IV will not normally be used on pressure containing pipe work.
Rev 0 1999
TABLE 5 - ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR NON-DESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION

OF CIRCUMFERENTIALLY WELDED JOINTS
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE DIMENSIONS

DEFECT TYPE
EXAM CLASS I & II (8) EXAM CLASS III (8) EXAM CLASS IV (8)
Crack or lack of fusion Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted
Incomplete penetration 1 = 38 in any L = 150 (1) l = 38 in any L = 150 (1) l = 38 in any L = 150 (1)
H = lesser of 0.8 or 0.2T H = lesser of 0.8 mm or 0.2T H = lesser of 0.8 mm or 0.2T
Slag or gas inclusion or l = 2T Σl = 4T in any L = 150 (1) l = 2T Σl = 4T in any L = 150 (l) l = 2T Σl = 4T in any L = 150
elongated inclusion (2) W = lesser of 3.2 or T/2 W = lesser of 3.2 or T/2 (1)
(4) (6) W = lesser of 3.2 or T/2
Tungsten inclusion (1) ø = T/3 with 2.0 max ø = T/3 with 2 maximum ø = T/2 with 2.5 maximum
(2)
Porosity (5) T ≤ 6.4 same as per (5) T ≤ 6.4: same as per (5)
(6) T > 6.4:1.5 times note (5) T < 6.4: 1.5 times note (5)
Concave root surface (3) (3) (3)
Weld reinforcement or (7) (7) (7)

protrusion
Root undercut Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted
W = Width of defect (mm) H = Height of defect (mm)

l = Length of defect (mm) T = The thinner wall thickness at the joint (mm)
L = Length of 150 mm from one of the defects considered S = Reinforcement or protrusion
ø = Diameter of an individual defect or its greatest dimension (mm) Σ = Total length
Note:
1 Provided the distance from other defects is greater than 50 mm.
2 Provided they do not show any tails
3 Provided it is gently connected, concavity of root surface shall not reduce the thickness of the joint, including reinforcement, to less
than the thickness of the thinner of the components being joined (T).
4 Adjacent defects spaced less than 3 times the length of the greatest, shall be considered as a single defect with a length equal to the
summation of the length of the above defects.
5 Porosity shall not exceed that shown as acceptable in ASME Code, Section VIII, Division 1, Appendix IV.
6 Surface porosity and exposed slag inclusions are not permitted.
7 Per ASME B31.3, Table 341.3.2A (criterion value notes).
8 For materials and examination methods that are applicable to Examination Classes I, II, III and IV, refer to Tables 3 and 4.
Rev 0 1999
TABLE 6 - LIMITS ON RADIOGRAPHIC SENSITIVITY
T (mm) Type of Wire Diameter of the Wire

See Notes DIN 54109 (mm) * Notes
Source Film Side Source Side Film Side

Side
T≤6 14 15 0,16 0,125 * For the double

6<T≤8 13 14 0,20 0,16 wall single
8 < T ≤ 10 12 13 0,25 0,20 image technique,
10 < T ≤ 16 11 12 0,32 0,25 assume T = t
16 < T ≤ 25 10 11 0,40 0,32
25 < T ≤ 32 9 10 0,50 0,40
32 < T ≤ 40 8 9 0,63 0,50
40 < T ≤ 60 7 8 0,80 0,63
60 < T ≤ 80 6 7 1,00 0,80
80 < T ≤ 150 5 6 1,25 1,00
Definitions:
t = pipe wall thickness.
T = thickness or sum of thicknesses of pipe walls lying between the radiation source and the film.

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NATIONAL OIL CORPORATION

GENERAL ENGINEERING SPECIFICATION

STEEL PIPING FABRICATION (SHOP OR FIELD)

Rev Date Description Checked Approved

Compiled by Teknica (UK) Ltd

SECTION TITLE PAGE

1.0 SCOPE OF SPECIFICATION 4

3.1 Codes and Standards 6

4.1 Construction Materials 6

6.0 POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT 16

SECTION TITLE PAGE

10.0 PRIOR TO SHIPMENT 26

10.1 Painting and Coatings 26

Table 1 - Post bending heat treatment for carbon steels 27

Table 2 - Preheat for carbon steels 28

Table 3 - Examination classes 29

Table 4 - Extent of examination (NDE) for welded joints 30

Table 5 - Acceptance criteria for non-destructive examination of

Table 6 - Limits on radiographic sensitivity 32

Figure 1 A)B)C)D) - Branch reinforcement design 33

Figure 1 E)F) - Branch reinforcement design 34

Figure 3 - Proximity of welds 37

1.0 SCOPE OF SPECIFICATION

1.2 Other NOC Specifications

GES P.01 - Piping Material Specification

GES P.10 - Erection and Testing of Steel Piping

GES W.01 - Welding Procedure and Welder Qualifications

GES W.03 - Post-Weld Heat Treatment of Materials

GES W.06 - Storage and Control of Welding Consumables

GES X.01 - Surface Preparation and Painting Application

The technical terms used in this specification are defined as follows:

Weld Procedure Specification (WPS)

Welder Performance Qualification Test (WPQT)

The demonstration of a welder's skill in producing welds meeting prescribed standards.

Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)

Submerged Arc Welding

Submerged Metal Arch Welding

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

Gas Metal Arch Welding

The commercial terms used in this specification are defined as follows:

The company supplying the equipment and material.

3.1 Codes and Standards

ASME B31.3 - Process Piping

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code

Section II C - Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes and Filler Metals

Section V - Non destructive Examination

Section VIII - Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

Section IX - Welding and Brazing Qualifications

ANSI PH1.28 & - Specifications for Photographic Film, Cellulose-ester and

AWS A5 XX Series - Filler Metal Specifications A5.1 to A5.24

International Institute of Welding (IIW) - Publication Volume No. 20 (1982)

* These specifications are listed as an alternative to the appropriate sections in ASME V.

4.1 Construction Materials

4.2 Handling and Storage

5.2 Butt-weld End Preparation

5.3 Branch Connections

5.4.3 The use of bolted gusset designs is prohibited.

5.5 Pipe Bends

5.6 Dimensional Tolerances

Up to & including NPS 10 36 48 60 72

5.7 Proximity of Welds

separation as required by Figure 3 are maintained.