o Babbitt-faced collar bearings
in the nozzles.
o Tilting pivotal pads
• • Tapered land bearings
• • Rolling-contact (roller or ball)
bearings
What are the types of
turbine seals?
• Carbon rings fitted in segments around
the shaft and held together by garter or
retainer springs.
• Labyrinths mated with shaft serrations
or shaft seal strips.
• Water seals where a shaft runner acts
as a pump to create a ring of water
around the shaft. Use only treated
water to avoid shaft pitting.
• Stuffing box using woven or soft
packing rings that are compressed with
a gland to prevent leakage along the
shaft.
What are the basic causes of
the problem of rotor failure?
• Normal wear.
• Fatigue failure due to high stress.
• Design deficiency.
• Aggressive operating environment
What are the differences
between impulse and reaction
turbines?
• The impulse turbine is characterized by
the fact that it requires nozzles and that
the pressure drop of steam takes place
• The reaction turbine, unlike the impulse
turbines has no nozzles, as such. It
consists of a row of blades mounted on
a drum. The drum blades are separated
by rows of fixed blades mounted in
the turbine casing. These fixed blades
serve as nozzles as well as the means of
correcting the direction of steam onto
the moving blades.
• In the case of reaction turbines, the
pressure drop of steam takes place over
the blades. This pressure drop produces
a reaction and hence cause the motion
of the rotor.
• What is the function of EGR valve
EGR means Exhaust Gas Recirculation. The main
function of EGR is to control NOx emission from
the engine. At elevated temperature (during
long run & full condition)if due to some reasons
engine gets heated up beyond certain level… it
produces NOx emission. In order to avoid this
pollution , we have to control the temperature
rise inside the cylinder. This can be achieved by
mixing some amount of exhaust gas with intake
air. By doing this the temperature inside the
combustion chamber is reduced. And NOx is
controlled.
• What is the difference between Critical
speed & Whirling speed?
In Solid mechanics, in the field of rotor
dynamics, the critical speed is the theoretical
angular velocity which excites the natural
frequency of a rotating object, such as a shaft,
propeller or gear. As the speed of rotation
approaches the objects natural frequency, the
object begins to resonate which dramatically