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SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
Acknowledgement
This report was prepared by the Scientific Capacity Development Initiative team: Chea Seila, Nut Savat, Tam
Sreykol, Gnim Sodavy, Ly Po, Chhuoy Kalyan, Vanessa Herranz Muñoz and Vittoria Elliott. And funded by the
Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund. The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund is a joint initiative of l’Agence
Française de Développement, Conservation International, the European Union, the Global Environment
Facility, the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. A fundamental goal is to
ensure civil society is engaged in biodiversity conservation.
Citation
Conservation International (SciCap) (2019) Mainstreaming Natural Resource Management at Cambodian
Inland Fisheries Communities: Situational Analysis. Report prepared by Conservation International as a part
of the Scientific Capacity Building Initiative. Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
Executive Summary 3
Introduction 4
Methodology 4
Communities 6
Livelihoods 7
Resources 11
Challenges 17
Needs 22
NGO interventions 24
Main Findings 26
Recommendations 27
Executive Summary
The Scientific Capacity Development Initiative (Sci-Cap) team of researchers developed and piloted a series
of actions in the context of the project Mainstreaming Natural Resource Management for community
fisheries throughout Cambodia. One of the outputs was a context and needs assessment checklist which
was piloted at 25 communities. The checklist was used to construct the current situational analysis of
livelihood options, community resources, impacts of climate change, challenges, needs and external
organization interventions. The table below summarizes the most pressing issues that emerged.
● All land-based communities are highly dependent on fishing except communities that own land for agriculture and other
Fishery livelihood alternatives (e.g. Kamphun and Baray).
dependence
● All water-based communities are highly dependent on fishing.
Drinking water ● All communities faced water shortages. Community members lacked clean water for drinking and daily use from March to
availability May 2016.
● The number of households practicing aquaculture has declined due to unstable market prices and decreasing small fish
catch to use as aquaculture fish feed.
Aquaculture
● Some farmers reported aquaculture fish caught diseases after a few months after stocking. They thought that it might
have been an effect of water polluted by ash from forest fires.
● Even though most participants had basic knowledge of NRM and understand its benefits, illegal fishing activities remain
prevalent.
Methodology
The context and needs assessment checklists were based on in-depth key informant interviews at 31
communities on the Tonle Sap Great Lake, the Mekong basin and the 3S Rivers during Phase 1. The
community context and needs assessment checklists were then developed adopting two main frameworks,
the DFID Sustainable livelihoods framework developed by the Sustainable Rural Livelihoods Advisory
Committee and the Community Capitals Framework (CCF) that was first developed by Cornelia and Jan
Flora (1990).
The CCF is an approach to analyze communities and community development efforts from a system
perspective. CCF focuses mainly on the assets of a community rather than on community needs and
deficits. A community capitals approach allows us to view the various elements, resources and
relationships within a community and their contribution to the overall functioning of the community. Once
the community capitals are identified, they can be used as a tool for planning for the future.
The checklists can be used to inform strategic planning, priority setting, program outcomes and program
improvements. A goal of development community checklists is to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of
each community and to understand the community’ needs that leads to guide the project interventions in
the target communities.
- To develop an informed understanding of the community strengths, the needs, gaps and challenges that
exist within a community and their impacts upon the community’s members (families, individuals, youths,
other institutions in the community).
- To provide a detailed analysis of community assets or resources that currently exist in the community.
Checklist Design
The checklists have been designed as an instrument consisting of a series of questions and other prompts
for the purpose of gathering information from respondents or through field observation. This is initially a
passive task for the NRM facilitator team to look around using the checklists and evaluate context and
needs initially just from observation. The checklists are also required for key respondents be able to read
the questions and respond to them.
A measure added to the checklists is the perceived level of satisfaction. It was used to rate the main
overarching themes from 0 to 10, where low scores indicate that communities are not happy/satisfied or
feel resilient enough given their livelihood strategies, resources or amount of challenges. Conversely, higher
scores indicated that the communities better prepared to face challenges. The score was given by the
facilitator based both on field observation and rating given directly by the key informants themselves.
Limitations
The questionnaire did employ a random sampling technique. To complete the checklists, facilitators looked
for available key person(s) who often held an official position and were knowledgeable about the
community context to answer key questions. These answers in combination with field observations were
used as a representation of the perceptions held by the entire community.
Water-based Total
Area Village Commune District Province River/Stream (W) / Land- Population
based (L) (HH)
Anlong Taour Koh Chivang Ek Phnom Battambang Sangke stream W 437
Kampong Phluk stream tributary
Tonle Sap North
Dei Kraham Kampong Phluk Prasat Bakong Siem Reap of Tonle Sap L 273
Kampong Koh Chivang Ek Phnom Battambang Sangke tributary of Tonle Sap W 264
Prahok
Kouk Kdol Kampong Phluk Prasat Bakong Siem Reap Kampong Phluk stream tributary L 275
of Tonle Sap
Preaek Kampong Soutr Nikom Siem Reap Preak Kampong Khleang / Tonle L 400
Sramaoch Khleang Sap
Dei Roneat Me Toeuk Bakan Pursat Preak Khnach in wet season and W 208
river mouth in dry season.
Doun Sdoeung Peam Bang Stoung Kampong Thom Doun Sdoeung stream tributary
of Tonle Sap W 186
Preak Kampong Prak tributary
Tonle Sap South
Kanlaeng Phe Kouk Banteay Rolearbier Kampong Kanlaeng Phe stream tributary L 170
Chhnang of Tonle Sap River
Chrouy Snor Preak Chrey Koh Thom Kandal to Bassac River W 174
Damnak Laet Roka Koy Kong Meas Kampong Cham Preak Peam Chikong bordering
with Boeung Thom. L 300
Kampong
Samnanh Mien Prey Chhor Kampong Cham Boeung Thom (Big lake) L 320
The table below displays livelihood strategies/options at the 25 communities ordered by “level of
satisfaction”. Communities at the top of the table have more diverse livelihood strategies and therefore
more options to cope with the effects of changing environmental conditions. Fisheries management also
makes a difference in how “satisfied” with their livelihood options or resilient communities feel. For
instance, in Peam Khnang, community members regularly catch good amounts of fish due to the effective
management of their fishery resources and the protection of natural resources. In dry season they also
have access to backyard gardens where they grow sesame and green bean for sale, which diversifies their
opportunities. In Anlong Ta Uor, Kampong Prahok and Kouk Kdol, livelihoods are based around fishing on
the Tonle Sap Great Lake but there are also small businesses, some benefits from tourism and small-scale
aquaculture. Furthermore, between the three villages approximately 100 households run crocodile farms.
The farms however, raise human and environmental safety concerns and owners expressed the need to
improve capacity and conditions.
# Livelihood strategies
Wet rice cultivation
Aquaculture
Fish Traders
Agriculture
Ecotourism
Livestock
Workers
Fishing
Other
Area Village
Fishing
At all 25 communities, members work part-time or
full-time in the fishery. Other livelihood strategies
associated with the fishery include fish traders, fish
processing and small-scale aquaculture. One to ten
fish traders are in the communities every day to buy
fish and fish products and sell them as wholesale
and/or retail away from the communities. Fish
traders play a very important role as main actors in
the fish market value chain as they help link fish
products to markets and to reach distant consumers.
Furthermore, fish traders often lend money to
fishers to invest in fishing gears or to spend on daily
needs during the fishing low season.
Aquaculture Aquaculture
Small-scale aquaculture is practiced at 68% (17) of the Village % of HH
Peam Bang 100
communities. Table 4 shows the proportion of households Doun Sdoeung 100
in each of them culturing fish. The most common species Koh Tapov 100
Kampong Prahok 90
grown are Walking catfish (Clarias batrachus, Trey Peam Khnang 80
Andaeng), Sutchi catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus, Trey Anlong Taour 50
Chrouy Snor 50
Pra) and Snakehead murrel (Clarias batrachus, Trey Ros).
Dei Roneat 32
Farmers build the fish cage under their floating house or Anlong Trea 20
next to their house or in the stream. They use one or two Kaom Samnor 20
Kampong Prak 16
wooden cages surrounded by nylon nets, which are Preaek Sramaoch 10
stocked with the preferred species. Villagers reported that Baray 7
Dei Kraham 1
the number of households doing aquaculture and Kamphun 1
crocodile farming has declined due to unstable market Kampong Samnanh 1
prices and declining small fish catch to use as feed. Kouk Kdol 1
Case Studies
Case Study 1: Snakehead aquaculture and fish disease in Dei Roneat, Pursat.
In the past, villagers used to collect wild snakehead fingerlings to fatten up in cages but the growth rate was very slow. In the last
few years, villagers have started buying imported fingerlings from local traders at 200 KHR/ fingerling (1 cm). Fish cages are
stocked with 10,000 to 30,000 fingerlings. They grow for 4 to 5 months. Small fish are caught from the wild to feed the
aquaculture fish. Fish are fed two times per day. When fishes are small, they are fed fish meat small chopped at a rate of 10 kg
per day for 10,000 fingerlings. When fishes grow larger, they are fed 200 to 300 kg of small (“trash”) fish per day.
Fingerling stocking starts in late July or early August and fish are harvested after 4 months they reach a weight of approximately
1 kg. Due to water conditions and availability of stock, farmers grow fish only once per year.
Market price of farmed fish has decreased in recent years. For instance, Snackhead went from 6000-7000 KHR/kg in 2015 to
4000-4800 KHR/kg in 2016. Furthermore, after the forest fires in dry season 2016, when water rose up in the early rainy season it
was polluted by the thick ashes. Polluted water killed large numbers of fish. Fish got infections that made their scales fall off and
killed them. Fish diseases are not well understood in the communities. Villagers learn basic fish raising techniques and fish
disease treatment from fish traders. When fish are affected by disease, human medicines (e.g. Paracetamol) are often used for
treatment.
Community Forest
Mekong dolphin
Connected FCA
River / Stream
Flooded forest
Natural ponds
Soil fertility
Fish & OAA
Broodstock
All communities visited were aware of the
Wildlife
NTFP
Birds
Area
# NR
Village
importance of the natural resources at
their disposal and were keen to improve
their capacity for sustainable NRM. UM Tompoun 11
Reungthom Deep pool conservation (Anlong Preah)
LM Anlong Taour 8
The heatwave also caused Boeung Chhmar TSN Anlong Trea 8
Ramsar site (where Peam Bang village is LM Baray 8
located), to almost dry out, killing tons of Birds (Eagle, Egrets, Trayong, Noneal)
UM Damrey Phong 8
fish and threatening both biodiversity and
NTFPs (Fuel wood, honey, mushrooms)
livelihoods. Villagers reported the need to TSN Dei Kraham 8
implement urgent measures to improve Birds (Kok, Khlaeng, Kaek, Krosar, Smounh)
adaptation to extreme weather. TSS Dei Roneat 8
3 seasonal natural ponds
Kampong
TSN Prahok 8
Social Capitals are “the resources available in and through personal and business networks” (Baker, 2000).
The assessment shows fishery resources in all communities are currently managed by Community Fishery
committees (CFis), which are also responsible for governance and protection of community Fish
Conservation Areas (FCAs) present at 21 communities. Eight communities also have Fish Sanctuaries
managed by the Fisheries Administration (FIA).
Amongst other social capitals, 8 communities have Savings Groups, 6 have Community-Based Organizations
(CBOs), 5 have disaster committees and two have rice ranks.
Human Capitals include the skills and abilities of residents as well as the capacity to access outside
resources and knowledge. According to the assessment all community members have a basic knowledge of
natural resources and their sustainable management. Most have attended primary school and/or they can
read and write.
Cultural Capitals: 10 communities have traditional culture and spiritual places such as sacred sites, spirit or
ghost forests. Three communities are located within areas designated as Ramsar sites, highlighting the
global importance of these wetland habitats.
Political Capital is the ability to influence standards, rules, regulations and their enforcement. Most CFis (21)
have developed regulations and bylaws but the assessment reveals only some community members
understand/follow them.
Financial Capitals are the economic resources available to invest in community development or that people
can use to improve livelihoods (excluding family based earned incomes). Besides project-based interventions
NGOs have created support funds in 14 communities which contribute to a large proportion of community
development needs and help improve NRM. Other sources include access to loans from Micro Finance
Institutions (MFi) or Banks at 11 communities. Fish traders act as financiers at 10 communities and 4 have
local money lenders. At three communities CFi members pay a contribution fee to invest in CFi management
and equipment. Two communities, Kanlaeng Phe and Chrouy Snor have started operating a Community
Fishery Production scheme by harvesting during a specific period every year at specific sites to generate
income to support community development. Personal interviews revealed that savings are the preferred
type of financial capital because they do not have liabilities attached. However, some community members
have faced bad experiences with savings groups and they lost trust on management committees and
community savings and lending procedures.
Physical, Social, Human, Cultural, Political and Financial Capitals
Tompoun UM
Ampil Tek UM
Damrey Phong UM
Kamphun UM
Punchea UM
Anlong Svay UM
Dei Kraham TSN
Kouk Kdol TSN
Kampong Samnanh LM
Damnak Laet LM
Anlong Taour LM
Baray LM
Chrouy Snor LM
Koh Tapov LM
Area
# Villages
Reungthom
Snuol
←Physical
Village
Pagoda/worship place 18
infrastructure
25
supply shops
Access to market 22
Electricity (Public & Private ) 17
Energy
Solar 8
NGOs interventions 25
CFi / CFi committee 25
Community FCA 21
Community Solidarity 19
Local authorities (vill. & com.) 14
Savings groups / SHG 8
Social
Schooling/literacy 19
Wetlands 14
Spiritual place 10
Cultural
Ecotourism 4
Ramsar 3
Historical or heritage area 1
CFi regulations / bylaw 21
Political
Our assessment delved into how these impacts are being experienced by the fishing communities.
Questions were related to climate change effects noticed on weather patterns, hydrological cycles,
fisheries, human health and food security and agriculture and livestock.
Weather patterns: All communities reported to have endured severe drought conditions and profound
changes in rainfall pattern in the last few years. At 18 communities, respondents reported to face storms
that destroyed their fishing gears, their houses and stopped them from fishing for long periods. The same
number of communities have experienced changes in temperature patterns -becoming unusually hot or
cold-, which had considerable consequences on livestock and crop survival.
Punchea UM
Damrey Phong UM
Tompoun Reungthom UM
Ampil Tek UM
Kamphun UM
Anlong Svay UM
Anlong Taour LM
Chrouy Snor LM
Kampong Samnanh LM
Baray LM
# Villages
Touk
Climate
Change Village
Impacts
Drought 25
Changes in rainfall pattern 25
Weather
Storms 18
Changes in weather pattern
(too hot, too cold) 18
Floods 3
Heavy wind 1
Decrease of water availability 25
Hydrological cycle
human diseases 10
Fish & Food consumption
declines 13
Crop death 9
Agriculture and
Fisheries, fish migration and aquaculture are being severely affected by the cumulative effects of climate
change, overfishing and lack of capacity for sustainable natural resource management. All communities
reported fish catch declines and 10 communities said that fish had changed their migration patterns. When
waterways run dry, fish spawning areas come under increased pressure which may be causing changes in
fish migration patterns. Direct evidence was provided at Damrey Phong Community, where members
reported that Trey Riel (Henicorhynchus siamensis) migration was changing because they had not seen the
fish by December 2016, when migration upstream usually occurs in this area from November to February
(Sokheng, 2006). Villagers had to wait to catch Trey Riel for processing into Prahoc, one of their main
sources of income.
These changes contribute to fish catch declines and as a consequence some fishers have to spend a lot of
time and resources going far from their communities to search for fish. For example, in Doun Sdoeung
community, fish to cover nutritional needs and generate income for subsistence became unavailable for
some time. Fishers then decided to borrow money from fish traders to buy rice to eat. The arrangement
meant that future fish catch would be bought at just 200 KHR/kg until they paid the loans back.
Water availability, changes in water temperature, feed availability and other conditions impact directly on
aquaculture. Changing conditions have caused disease outbreaks, high mortality rates and slow growth
rates at 13 of the 17 communities practicing aquaculture. As a consequence of these difficulties and most
prominently of the decline in small wild fish catch used to feed aquaculture fish, some households have
been forced to abandon the practice.
Human health and food security are also being affected. Fish catch declines resulted in fish consumption
declines at 13 communities. Ten communities reported an increase in water/food related diseases.
Agriculture and livestock: As illustrated by the Case studies above, increased temperatures, drought, heavy
rain and lack of water led to reduced yields and in some cases crop and livestock disease and death. Pests
and insects became a challenge in seven communities, amongst them Damrey Phong, Kamphun and
Punchea, where temperature rise made conditions unusually dry. Due to the drought, rice planting was
delayed until August. Unexpected rainfall during harvest season, meant that people harvested less produce
than in previous years. Communities such as Anlong Trea, Kanlaeng Phe and Baray need the seasonal flood
that brings sediments beneficial to soil fertility and contribute to better yields. However, for the last few
years the water did not flood the whole community areas, particularly some agriculture plots, so rice and
crops yields declined by as much as 50% in 2015 and 2016.
Heavy rainfall in the end of 2016 made rice and crops yield decline and poor quality of rice production. For
example, in agriculture based communities such as Ampil Tek, Anlong Svay and Damrey Phong the rice
yield was partially destroyed due to very strong winds and heavy rainfall during harvest season in
December 2016. Quality of produce was also affected because at the rice mill 60 kg of good quality dry
paddy rice produces 40 kg of white rice. Wet paddy rice however conveys a loss of 25% of total white rice.
Other communities reported over 100 kg of sesame and other crops were destroyed by rainstorms at the
end of 2016.
Declining crops have in turn affected food supplies available for livestock. Drought and higher temperatures
have also increased the prevalence of disease. Some communities reported being unprepared to deal with
animal diseases as they have never used vaccinations or formal veterinary practices.
Anlong Svay UM
Kamphun UM
Ampil Tek UM
Damrey Phong UM
Punchea UM
Doun Sdoeung TSS
Damnak Laet LM
Kaom Samnor TSS
Baray LM
Koh Tapov LM
Area
Touk
# Villages
Village
No enough flood/rainfall 18
Forest fires 18
Broodstock management 15
Illegal hunting 15
Fish species extinction 9
Catch small fish for aquaculture 8
Illegal logging / deforestation 8
Increase of invasive aquatic plants 4
Use of chemicals in farming 3
Hydro. dams development &
impacts 3
Increased use of illegal fishing
Trends & Seasonality
gears 25
Many fishers 21
Population growth 9
Seasonal changes in price of food 25
Seasonal changes in agriculture
inputs supply 2
Waste water discharge (HH &
farms) 20
Challenge to access clean water in
dry season 19
Migration 15
Debt 15
Poor local infrastructure (Road,
Bridge) 8
Domestic violence 4
Lack of faming land 3
Crime 3
# Issues 21 20 19 19 19 19 19 18 18 18 17 17 17 17 15 15 15 15 15 14 13 13 12 11 8
Twenty communities reported on-going destruction of fish habitats and all land-based communities (15)
reported illegal hunting. Nineteen recognized law enforcement lacked capacity and resources to stop illegal
activities with the same number reporting low community participation in NRM. Forest fires were a major
problem last year at 18 communities.
Trends and seasonality can dominate natural resources as well as community livelihoods. All 25
communities reported that fishers are willing to increase the use of illegal fishing gears aiming to catch
more fish to sell or to compete with other fishers when fish catch declines. Furthermore, 21 communities
expressed that many fishers from the community as well as outsiders use come their fishing grounds
and/or fish in conservation areas when the patrol team is not present. The price of local foods such as fresh
vegetables, rice, meat, and other ingredients have been changing seasonally depending on market
fluctuations. However, price of gasoline and agriculture input supplies has not changed during 2016.
Our assessment included cross-cutting issues that have an impact on natural resources and community
development. Management of water pollution, both from poor sanitation and discharge from farms
(including chemicals) was found to be a challenge at 20 communities. Nineteen communities felt that they
lacked diversity of livelihood options and the same number faced severe challenges accessing clean water
during the dry season.
There was one report of conflict over water resources between a fishery-based community, Preaek
Sramaoch / Kampong Khlaeng commune and a rice-based community, Darun. After 2013, Darun
community members have rehabilitated three canals (3m x 5m) of Kuk Sakorm, Trapaeng Phang and
Khnorn canals to irrigate the dry rice cultivation. Water sources are from Kampong Khlaeng and Beung
Chhouk natural ponds. The availability of water in Beung Chhouk is crucial for fishery resources. Beung
Chhouk area is a place rich in fish and other aquatic resources where some Preaek Sramaoch community
members have access to fish and a part of this area is demarcated as fish conservation area. After people
irrigate water to the rice field, Beung Chhouk pond run dry and the resources such as aquatic plants and
animals (snails, fish, water lily, morning glory) declined. Community members suggested that this water
reservoir should have sluice gates to control the water level and both communities had to discuss the plan
to balance between water for fish and water for rice.
During the assessment, key informants were asked to rate between 1 and 10 the performance of their CFi.
Five communities (Anlong Taour, Damnak Laet, Dei Kraham, Kouk Kdol and Peam Khnang/Phlov Touk)
received a score of 6, indicating that they were moderately satisfied with CFi performance. For example, in
Anlong Taour CFi was rated positively because CFi leader always engages people to do patrolling and
protect bird nests. The lowest CFi performance score (1) was for Koh Tapov in terms of not recognizing the
identity of the community as part of the CFi and not joining any CFi activities.
UM
UM
UM
UM
UM
UM
TSN
TSN
TSN
TSN
TSN
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
LM
TSS
TSS
Peam Khnang / Phlov ToukTSS
TSS
TSS
TSS
TSS
Area Tompoun Reungthom
Kampong Samnanh
Kampong Prahok
Preaek Sramaoch
Doun Sdoeung
Damrey Phong
Kampong Prak
Village
Kaom Samnor
Kanlaeng Phe
Anlong Taour
Damnak Laet
Chrouy Snor
Anlong Trea
Anlong Svay
Dei Kraham
Peam Bang
Dei Roneat
Koh Tapov
Kouk Kdol
Ampil Tek
Kamphun
# Villages
Punchea
Baray
NRM and fisheries management needs assessment indicates that flooded forest reforestation would be
highly recommended at 19 communities. While 20 communities need to improve coordination and
participation to strengthen patrolling, 9 would also need training of current teams on how to conduct
effective patrols.
Amongst other needs, it is worth highlighting that 20 communities would benefit from improving
conditions of market value chains as well as access to markets and 22 from better information sharing and
networking internally and externally.
Ampil Teuk UM
Punchea UM
Tompoun Reungthom UM
Kamphun UM
Damrey Phong UM
Kaom Samnor TSS
Baray LM
Anlong Taour LM
Chrouy Snor LM
Koh Tapov LM
Area
# Villages
Touk
←Training Needs
Village
Financial support 23
Patrolling equipment 22
Training & equipment to control
forest fires 20
Capacity development 20
Organize/ strengthen patrol 20
Rehabilitation of FCA 19
Demarcation 18
Restructure CFi committee 14
Support in creation of FCA 0
Flooded forest reforestration 19
NRM and Fishery
management
Effective patrolling 8
Climate change adaptation 6
Educate people on NRM 2
Leadership & Managing
people/CFi members 2
Livestock raising 6
enterprise livestock technical
Agriculture &
(IPM) 4
Home-gardening 4
Rice (SRI) 2
Community
Communication skills 3
Language 3
Adapt or mitigate dam impacts 1
Info. sharing & networking 22
Pump machine 15
Restoration irrigation system 11
Technical skills for women 10
Diversify livelihood activities 10
Improve access to
education/health 9
Diverse needs
Damrey Phong WWF/ABE Banner to disseminate which are illegal fishing methods in the NRM / Fishery sector
river or stream
Ampil Tek WWF Support CFi NRM / Fishery sector
Kanlaeng Phe CCD CFi , NRM NRM / Fishery sector
FACT CBO, NRM, and Conservation support NRM / Fishery sector
Peam Khnang / FACT/IUCN CBO, NRM, and Conservation support (EU - NSA) NRM / Fishery sector
Phlov Touk
Preaek World Vision Agriculture & Food security Food & Nutrition
Sramaoch FAO CFi NRM / Fishery sector
FACT CBO & CFi NRM / Fishery sector
Mlub Satrey Workshop and education for parents on human trafficking Human Trafficking
Anlong Taour FACT CBO NRM / Fishery sector
ADB / TSSL NRM NRM / Fishery sector
VSG Good Governance Good Governance
WorldFish Aquatic Agricultural System Aquatic Agricultural System
Good neighbor Education Education
Kampong Good neighbor Education, Community Development, Good governance, Education, Community
Prahok Development, Good
governance
Village Organization Interventions Type of project
Kampong Khmer Youth NRM & Community Fishery NRM / Fishery sector
Samnanh Association (KYA)
Khmer Youth Disaster Management (Deliver food water filters, mats, mosquito Disaster management
Association (KYA) nets, and blankets to vulnerable people)
Khmer Youth Improve irrigation systems in the community Irregation system
Association (KYA)
Khmer Youth Good Governance Good Governance
Association (KYA)
Phnom Srey Health & Sanitation Health
Organization
Sovannaphum Human Rights Human Rights
Organization
Phnom Srey Health & Reproduction Health
Organization
Phnom Srey Support community fishery; Improve NRM and Conservation; NRM / Fishery sector
Organization provide skills in planting flooded forest
Sovannaphum NRM & Community Fishery NRM / Fishery sector
Organization
Sovannaphum Support women and children to improve food security by Food & Nutrition
Organization providing funds for improving agricultural production
Wathnak Pheap Children Empowerment through Education (CHES): provide Education
Organization scholarship to children to at least graduate to grade 9.
Youth Council of Study tour to understand the geography of the Tonle Sap lake and Research
Cambodia (YCC) to donate furniture to community kindergarten school.
Kampong Cham Consultation or discussion program on domestic violence Domestic Violence
Radio
Charity fund Wells Wells
Muk Phnom/ ADB Man-made ponds Irrigation system
Tuol Snuol FACT / Forum Syd NRM & Community Fishery / CBO NRM / Fishery sector
ADHOC Human Right Human Rights
Charity fund Drinking water, wells Wells
Department of Man-made ponds Irrigation system
Rural Development
Kampong Prak CI Provide 700 $ as capital for 3 savings groups. Members of savings Savings Groups
groups can borrow money to buy fishing gear. However, all savings
groups were canceled because people did not save and pay the
loan back.
CI CI collaborated with FiA to support flooded forest planting NRM / Fishery sector
(20,000 to 30,000) trees, following the CFi management plans
(2013-2015). Unfortunately, in 2016 all trees burned in forest
fires. NRM and conservation support.
ADB / TSSL Register CFi NRM / Fishery sector
Rural Friend for Support technical training on vegetable gardens; Two Primary Agriculture, Education, Health,
Community school buildings and boat to transport students from home to Domestic Violence, Savings
Development school; Support with money and transport for sick women to go Groups
(RFCD) to hospital; Community mobilization and protection from
domestic violence in the community; Support creation of savings
groups but three groups were canceled because members did not
pay money after borrowing.
Doun Sdoeung ADB / TSSL Local infrastructure Local infrastructure
According to the assessment, the following recommendations are made for each of the communities. On
the table, Rank denotes levels of priority.
Symbol Recommendation
Flooded forest re-forestation
The fires provoked by the 2016 heat-wave, illegal logging and other destructive activities are taking a
very high toll on the flooded forests around fishing communities that are essential habitats for fish and
other biodiversity. Flooded forest reforestation projects are essential to recover theses habitats. These
initiatives should concentrate on capacity building and community participation, including sustainable
financing in order to run as possibly small but long-term actions at the communities.
Lack of Knowledge in
2 Muk Phnom/Tuol Snuol LM implementing management
plan
CFi members are active and
2 Damnak Laet LM have support from FiA/EU
Lack of Knowledge in
2 Punchea UM implementing management
plan
Exchange visit to Kampong
Peam Khnang / Phlov Phluk to learn how to operate
2 Touk TSS
ecotourism
Exchange visit to Kampong
2 Kanlaeng Phe TSS Phluk to learn how to operate
ecotourism
Lake of knowledge in using
3 Anlong Trea LM chemical inputs on rice
cultivation near the FCA
Restructure CFi management
3 Damrey Phong UM committee