List of materials

properties

A material's property (or material

property) is an intensive property of some
material, i.e. a physical property that does
not depend on the amount of the material.
These quantitative properties may be used
as a metric by which the benefits of one
materia versus another can be compared,
thereby aiding in materials selection.
A property may be a constant or may be a
function of one or more independent
variables, such as temperature. Materials
properties often vary to some degree
according to the direction in the material in
which they are measured, a condition
referred to as anisotropy. Materials
properties that relate to different physical
phenomena often behave linearly (or
approximately so) in a given operating
range. Modeling them as linear can
significantly simplify the differential
constitutive equations that the property
describes.
Some materials are used in relevant
equations to predict the attributes of a
system a priori.

The properties are measured by

standardized test methods. Many such
methods have been documented by their
respective user communities and
published through the Internet; see ASTM
International.

Acoustical properties
Acoustical absorption
Speed of sound
Sound reflection
 Third order elasiticty (Acoustoelastic
effect)

Atomic properties
Atomic mass:applies to all elements
Atomic number: applies to pure
elements only
Atomic weight: applies to individual
isotopes or specific mixtures of
isotopes of a given element

Chemical properties
Corrosion resistance
Hygroscopy
pH
 Reactivity
Specific internal surface area
Surface energy
Surface tension

Electrical properties
Capacitance
Dielectric constant
Dielectric strength
Electrical resistivity and conductivity
Electrocaloric coefficient
Electrostriction
Magnetoelectric Polarizability
 Nernst coefficient (thermoelectric
effect)
Permittivity
Piezoelectric constants
Pyroelectricity
Seebeck coefficient

Environmental properties
Embodied energy
Embodied water

Magnetic properties
Curie temperature
Diamagnetism
Hall coefficient
 Hysteresis
Magnetostriction
Magnetocaloric coefficient
Magnetothermoelectric power
(magneto-Seebeck effect coefficient)
Magnetoresistance
Permeability
Piezomagnetism
Pyromagnetic coefficient
Spin Hall effect

Manufacturing properties
Castability: How easily a quality casting
can be obtained from the material
 Machinability rating
Machining speeds and feeds

Mechanical properties
Brittleness: Ability of a material to break
or shatter without significant
deformation when under stress;
opposite of
plasticity,examples:glass,concrete,cast
iron,ceramics etc.
Bulk modulus: Ratio of pressure to
volumetric compression (GPa) or ratio
of the infinitesimal pressure increase to
the resulting relative decrease of the
volume.
Coefficient of restitution:the ratio of the
final to initial relative velocity between
two objects after they collide. Range : 0-
1, 1 for perfectly elastic collision.
Compressive strength: Maximum stress
a material can withstand before
compressive failure (MPa)
Creep: The slow and gradual
deformation of an object with respect to
time
Ductility: Ability of a material to deform
under tensile load (% elongation)
Durability: Ability to withstand wear,
pressure, or damage; hard-wearing.
Elasticity: Ability of a body to resist a
distorting influence or stress and to
return to its original size and shape
when the stress is removed
Fatigue limit: Maximum stress a
material can withstand under repeated
loading (MPa)
Flexibility: Ability of an object to bend or
deform in response to an applied force;
pliability; complementary to stiffness
Flexural modulus
Flexural strength : The stresses in a
material just before it yields.
Fracture toughness: Ability of a material
containing a crack to resist fracture
(J/m^2)
Hardness: Ability to withstand surface
indentation and scratching (e.g. Brinnell
hardness number)
Malleability: Ability of the material to be
flattened into thin sheets under
applications of heavy compressive
forces without cracking by hot or cold
working means.
Mass diffusivity: Ability of one
substance to diffuse through another
Plasticity: Ability of a material to
undergo irreversible or permanent
deformations without breaking or
rupturing; opposite of brittleness
Poisson's ratio: Ratio of lateral strain to
axial strain (no units)
Resilience: Ability of a material to
absorb energy when it is deformed
elastically (MPa); combination of
strength and elasticity
Shear modulus: Ratio of shear stress to
shear strain (MPa)
Shear strength: Maximum shear stress a
material can withstand
Slip: A tendency of a material's particles
to undergo plastic deformation due to a
dislocation motion within the material.
Common in Crystals.
Specific modulus: Modulus per unit
volume (MPa/m^3)
Specific strength: Strength per unit
density (Nm/kg)
Specific weight: Weight per unit volume
(N/m^3)
Stiffness: Ability of an object to resist
deformation in response to an applied
force; rigidity; complementary to
flexibility
Surface roughness:the deviations in the
direction of the normal vector of a real
surface from its ideal form.
Tensile strength: Maximum tensile
stress of a material can withstand
before failure (MPa)
Toughness: Ability of a material to
absorb energy (or withstand shock) and
plastically deform without fracturing (or
rupturing); a material's resistance to
fracture when stressed; combination of
strength and plasticity
Viscosity: A fluid's resistance to gradual
deformation by tensile or shear stress;
thickness
Yield strength: The stress at which a
material starts to yield plastically (MPa)
Young's modulus: Ratio of linear stress
to linear strain (MPa)
 Strength of materials (relation of various
strengths)

Optical properties
Absorbance - How strongly a chemical
attenuates light
Birefringence
Color
Electro-optic effect
Luminosity
Optical activity
Photoelasticity
Photosensitivity
Reflectivity
 Refractive index
Scattering
Transmittance

Radiological properties
Neutron cross-section
Specific activity
Half life

Thermal properties
Binary phase diagram
Boiling point
Coefficient of thermal expansion
Critical temperature
Curie point
Emissivity
Eutectic point
Flammability
Flash point
Glass transition temperature
Heat of vaporization
Inversion temperature
Melting point
Specific heat
Thermal conductivity
Thermal diffusivity
Thermal expansion
Triple point
Vapor pressure
 Specific heat capacity

See also
Physical property
Supervenience
List of thermodynamic properties

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