PLASTIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN FOR STEEL

Lecturer: Prof. Hsieh-Lung Hsu

HOMEWORK 3

Kartika Purwitasari (卡迪浦)

Student ID. 104322605

NATIONAL CENTRAL UNIVERSITY

CIVIL ENGINEERING FACULTY
TAIWAN
2016
 Homework 3

2P 4P
Beam & Column = A36 cross section = Fy:36 ksi P
P = 10 kips
L = 3 ft
 H=6 I=3
 M=3
HA
Reaction: VA VH
 VA= 2P HA = 1P
2L 2L 2L
 VH = 4P

FAILURE MECHANISM
Mechanism Sketch 𝑊𝑒 /𝑃 𝑊𝑖 /𝑀𝑝 𝑃 + /𝑀𝑝

1 2/3 1/3 5,3333 2 0,375

2 1/3 2/3 6,6667 2 0,3 (LL+DL)

3 1 1 4 4 1

1 1
 4 = 2+3 3 14,6667 8 0,5454

1 1

5 = 1+3 3 21,3333 10 0,4687

2 2
6 = 1+2 1 12 4 0,3333
1

1 1

7 = 6+3 2 16 6 0,375
(DL+LL+EL)

1 1

1 1

a. REQUIRED ROTATIONAL CAPACITY

From the calculation above, the failure mechanism is in mechanism 2:

4P
Mp Mp
1 2 3

Mp
Assume last plastic hinge at 1

4L 1

4𝐿 1 4𝐿 1
𝛿= (4𝑀𝑝𝐿 + ( (4𝑀𝑝𝐿))) + (4𝑀𝑝𝐿 + ( (−4𝑀𝑝𝐿)))
3𝐸𝐼 2 3𝐸𝐼 2

32 𝑀𝑝𝐿2
=
3 𝐸𝐼

Assume last plastic hinge at 2

1

4𝐿 4 1 2𝐿 4 1 4
4 𝛿 = 3𝐸𝐼 ((− 3 (−𝑀𝑝𝐿)) + (2 (−4𝑀𝑝𝐿)) + 3𝐸𝐼 (3 (𝑀𝑝𝐿) + (2 (− 3 𝑀𝑝𝐿))
3 L
4 𝑀𝑝𝐿2
=
3 𝐸𝐼

Assume last plastic hinge at 3

1
2L
4𝐿 1 2𝐿 1
𝛿= (2𝑀𝑝𝐿 + ( (2𝑀𝑝𝐿))) + (2𝑀𝑝𝐿 + ( (−2𝑀𝑝𝐿))
3𝐸𝐼 2 3𝐸𝐼 2

14 𝑀𝑝𝐿2
=
3 𝐸𝐼

So, the last plastic hinge occurs at 1.

KINK ANGLE

4𝐿 1 4𝐿 1
3 θ2 = 3𝐸𝐼 (3𝑀𝑝 + (2 (3𝑀𝑝))) + 3𝐸𝐼 (3𝑀𝑝 − 1𝑀𝑝 + (2 (−3𝑀𝑝𝐿 + 1𝑀𝑝)))
m=1

2𝐿 1 13 𝑀𝑝𝐿 13 𝑃𝐿2
+ (−𝑀𝑝 + (𝑀𝑝)) = =
3𝐸𝐼 2 3 𝐸𝐼 10 𝐸𝐼

1 m=1
4𝐿 1 2𝐿 1 4𝐿
1 θ3 = (2𝑀𝑝 + ( (−2𝑀𝑝))) + (−𝑀𝑝 + ( (𝑀𝑝))) + (𝑀𝑝)
3𝐸𝐼 2 3𝐸𝐼 2 3𝐸𝐼

2
4𝐿 1 4 1 4 16 9 𝑃𝐿2
(−2𝑀𝑝 + ( (−4𝑀𝑝))) = − + − = −3𝑀𝑝𝐿 =
3𝐸𝐼 2 3 3 3 3 10 𝐸𝐼
 b. COMPUTE THE REQUIRED 𝑀𝑝
 Dead Load + Live Load: LF=1,7
1.7PL
1. 𝑀𝑝 = = 170 Kips − ft
0.3
 Dead Load + Live Load + Earthquake Load: LF=1,3
1.3PL
2. 𝑀𝑝 = = 104 Kips − ft
0.375

Required plastic moment = 170 Kips-ft

𝑍 170∗12
Required plastic modulus = 𝜎𝑦 = = 56,667 𝑖𝑛3
36

Try the lightest section: W 18x35

Mp : 199,5 Kips-ft d: 17,7 in A: 10,3 in2
Py : 370,8 Kips t: 0,3 in Z: 66,5 in3 > Required P.M.
bf : 6,00 in rx : 7,04 in
tf : 0,425 in ry : 1,22 in

CHECK THE LOCAL BUCKLING

1) Check the local flange buckling
𝑏𝑓 6
= 2𝑥0,425 = 7,06 < 8,5 OK!
2𝑡𝑓
2) Check the local web buckling
𝑃 = 𝑉𝐻 = 4𝑃 = 4𝑥1,7𝑥10 = 68 𝐾𝑖𝑝𝑠 (column axial force)
𝑃 68
= = 0,1834 < 0,27
𝑃𝑦 370,8
𝑑 412 𝑝 𝑃
= (1 − 1,4 𝑝 ) , when < 0,27
𝑡 √𝐹𝑦 𝑦 𝑃𝑦

𝑑 412
= (1 − 1,4𝑥0,1834) = 51,0370
𝑡 √36

Limiting
𝑑 17,7
𝑡𝑤
= 0,3
= 59 > 51,0370 OK!

CHECK FOR COMBINED COLUMN LOAD AND BENDING MOMENT

𝑃 𝑀
+ ≤1
𝑃𝑦 1,18𝑀𝑝

M=max. Factored moment

68 170
+ ≤1
370,8 235,41
0,9055 ≤ 1 OK!
 To determine 𝑃𝑒 , we must find K (effective length factor)
At column bottom, for fixed base: 𝐺𝐴 = 1
 ∑ 𝐼 /𝑙
At column bottom: 𝐺𝐵 = ∑ 𝐼 𝑐/𝑙𝑐 = 1
𝑔 𝑔

For structure with sidesway, the diagram is:

So, we can get K=1,32

Slenderness in the plane of bending

𝐾𝐿 1,32𝑥4𝑥3𝑥12 190,08
= = = 27
𝑟𝑥 7,04 7,04
Euler buckling stress
12𝜋 2 𝐸 12𝑥𝜋 2 𝑥29000
𝐹𝑒′ = 2 = = 204,8442 𝐾𝑠𝑖
23(𝐾𝐿⁄𝑟𝑥 ) 23(27)2

Pure Buck Load

23𝐴𝐹𝑒′ 23𝑥10,3x204,8442
𝑃𝑒 = = = 4043,965
12 12

2𝜋 2 𝐸 2𝑥𝜋 2 𝑥29000
𝐶𝑐 = √ =√ = 126,0354
𝐹𝑦 36

𝐾𝐿 𝐾𝐿
= < 𝐶𝑐
𝑟 𝑟𝑥
27 < 126,0354 OK!
Axial Stress

(𝐾𝐿⁄𝑟)2
[1 − ]
2𝐶𝑐 2
𝐹𝑎 = 𝐹𝑦
5 3(𝐾𝐿⁄𝑟) (𝐾𝐿⁄𝑟)3
3 + 8𝐶𝑐 − 8𝐶𝑐 3

𝐹𝑎 = 20,1481 𝐾𝑠𝑖
𝑃𝑐𝑟 = 1,7. 𝐴. 𝐹𝑎 = 1,7𝑥10,3𝑥20,1481 = 352,7296 𝐾𝑖𝑝𝑠

 Since we assume sufficient lateral support in weak axis, therefore,

𝑀𝑚 = 𝑀𝑝 = 199,5 𝐾𝑖𝑝𝑠 − 𝑓𝑡

Amplification Factor:
𝐶𝑚 = 0,85 0,6-0,4(M1/M2)
Instability Control:
𝑃 𝐶𝑚 𝑀
+ ≤1
𝑃𝑐𝑟 (1 − 𝑃 )𝑀
𝑃𝑒 𝑚
69 0,85𝑥170
+ ≤1
352,7279 (1 − 69
)5
4043,965
0,9294 ≤ 1 OK!

LATERAL BRACING REQUIREMENT

Assume that lateral bracing is to be supplied at plastic hinge location (points B, D, and G) ad at beam’s
quarter points (C&D)

B C D G

E F

A H

Check adequacy of bracing to the left of G(from G to D)

𝑀𝐺
=1 (double curvature)
𝑀𝑐

𝐿𝑐𝑟 1375 1375

= + 25 = + 25 = 63,1944
𝑟𝑦 𝐹𝑦 36
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 63,1944𝑥1,22 = 77,0972 𝑖𝑛 = 6,4248 𝑓𝑡
𝐿𝑐𝑟 > 𝐿 (𝐺 𝑡𝑜 𝐷)
6,4248 > 6 OK!

To the left of D (from D to C)

𝑀𝐶
=0
𝑀𝐷
𝐿𝑐𝑟 1375 1375
= + 25 = + 25 = 63,1944
𝑟𝑦 𝐹𝑦 36

𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 63,1944𝑥1,22 = 77,0972 𝑖𝑛 = 6,4248 𝑓𝑡

𝐿𝑐𝑟 > 𝐿 (𝐷 𝑡𝑜 𝐶)
6,4248 > 6 OK!

Put the lateral bracing in C and D due to the symetrical shape

B C D G

E F

A H
2L 2L 2L

FOR BRACING IN COLUMN

𝑀𝐶
=0
𝑀𝐷
𝐿𝑐𝑟 1375 1375
= = = 38,2
𝑟𝑦 𝑓𝑦 36
12
𝐿𝑐𝑟 = 38,2𝑥1,35 = 51,57 𝑖𝑛 = 4,3 𝑖𝑛 > = 4 𝑓𝑡 OK!
3
 B C D G

E F

A H
So the total lateral brace figure will be:
2L 2L 2L
B C D G

E F

A H
2L 2L 2L