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Slab – I
Design a slab of size 5 x 5m
S1 = Size = 5 x 5m
Clear distance = 5 x 5m
Bearing of wall = 230mm
Live load = 3 KN/m2
Floor finishes = 1KN/m2
Dia of the road = 10mm
Cover = 20mm
Fck = 20 N/mm2
Fy = 415 N/mm2
step (1) check for slab
1x = 5m ly = 5m
1𝑦 5
= = 1<2
1𝑥 5
= 29.89 KN
From page no : 91 IS 456
Lx = 0.065 Ly = 0.062
Mu x = 1x wlx2 = 0.062 x 11.625 x 5.14292 = 19.06 KN m
Mu y = 1y wlx2 = 0.062 x 11.625 x 5.14292 = 19.06 KN m
Step (6) check for depth
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑖𝑚 √19.06 𝑥 102
d = =
0.138 𝑓𝑐𝑘𝑏 0.138 𝑥 20 𝑥 1000
= 83.10 mm
Step (7) to final Ast
Shorter span
1−𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦
Mu x = 0.87 Fy Ast d ( )
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏 𝑑
1−412 𝐴𝑠𝑡
19.06 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 Ast 178.57 ( )
20 𝑥 1000 𝑥 178.57
= 261.79 mm2
= 300
Ast pro > Ast req
Hence safe
Longer span
1−𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mu y = 0.87 fy Ast d ( )
𝑓𝑐𝑘 .𝑏 .𝑑
1−415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
19.06 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 178.57 ( )
20 𝑥 1000 𝑥 178.57
= 256.21 mm
Provide 10 mm ∅ bar @ 300mm c/c
Step – (8) check for stress
𝑉𝑢 29.89 𝑥 103
𝛿v - =
𝑏𝑑 1000 𝑥 178.57
= 0.167 N/mm2
100 𝐴𝑠𝑡 100 𝑥 306.54
𝛿c = =
𝑏𝑑 1000 𝑥 178.57
= 0.17N/mm2
From IS 456 2000 page no.73
𝛿c = 0.28 N/mm2
𝛿v < 𝛿c
Hence safe
Step : (9) Reinforcement detail
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Slab – 2
Design a slab of size 4 x 3m
Step – (1) Check for slab
1𝑦 4
- = 1.33 < 2
1𝑥 3
= 4.23m
Clear span + eff. Depth = 4 + 0.145m
∴ eff. Span leff = 4.145m
Step (4) Load Calculation
Self wt. = D x B x √ = 0.145 x 1 x25
= 0.625 KN/m2
Live load = 3KN/m2
Floor finisnes = 1KN/m2
Total load, w = 3.625 + 3 + 1
= 7.625 KN/m2
Wu = 7.629 x 1.5
= 11.438 KN/m2
Step – (5) to find S.F and BM
𝑉 − 𝑤𝑢𝑙 11.438 𝑥 4.145
=
2 2
= 23.70KN
Mu x = 1x wlx2 = 0.093 x 11.438 x 4.1452 = 18.28KNm
Hence safe
Shorter span
1−𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Max = 0.87 fy Ast d ( 𝑓𝑐𝑘.𝑏 .𝑑 )
1− 415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
18.28 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 145 (20 𝑥 1000 𝑥 145)
Ast = 6624.75mm2
Ast = 368.60mm2
𝜋
1000 𝑥 𝑥 102
4
Spacing, s = = 213.07mm
368.60
Provide 10mm ∅ bar @ 300mm c/c
𝜋
Ast pro = 1000 x x 102 = 341mm2
4
1−415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
10.81 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 145 ( )
20 𝑥 1000 𝑥 145
= 0.16 N/mm2
100 𝐴𝑠𝑡 368.60
𝛿c = = 100 x
𝑏𝑑 1000 𝑥 145
= 0.25 N/mm2
From IS 456 page no. 73
0.25 0.36
𝛿c = 0.36N/mm2
𝛿v < 𝛿c
Hence safe
Step – (9) reinforcement detail
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DESIGN OF DOGLEGGED STAIR CASE
Rise = 150 mm
Thread = 300 mm
No. of step = 10
Bearing of wall = 230 mm
Live load = 4 KN/m2
Floor finish = 1 KN/mm2
Dia of rod = 12 mm
Cover = 15 mm
Fck = 20 N/mm2
Fy = 415 N/mm2
Effective span
Effictive span, 1 = [No. of steps x thread] + width of landing slab + wall
bearing
= (10 x 0.3) + 1.5 + 0.23
1 = 4.73mm
1 4730
Waist slab thickness D = =
20 20
= 236.5
D = 240mm
∅
d = D–C-
2
12
= 240 – 15 -
2
= 219mm
(ii) Load calculation
Weight of waist slab, Ws = b x d x unit weight of concete
= 1 x 0.24 x 25
Ws = 6 KN/mm2
√𝑅2 − 𝑇 2
Dead load waist slab = ws =
𝑇
√0.152 − 0.32
= 6
0.3
= 6.7 KN/m
1
One step load = x R x T x unit weight d concrete
2
1
= x 0.15 x 0.3 x 25
2
= 0.5625 KN/m
Live load = 4KN/m2
Floor finish = 1 KN/m2
Total load W = Dead load on waist slab + LL + one step load + FF
= 6.7 + 4 + 0.5625 + 1
= 12.26KN/m
Ultimate load, Wu = 1.5 x W
= 1.5 x 12.26
= 18.39 KN/m2
(iii) Bending moment calculation
𝑊𝑢 𝑙 2 4.73 𝑥 103
Mu = = 18.39 x 103 x
8 8
= 10.87 KN m
(iv) Check for dept
Mu = 0.138 Fck bd2
10.87 x 106 = 0.138 x 20 x 1000 x d2
d = 62.7
d provide > d required Hence safe.
(v) Reniforment
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝐹𝑦
Mu = 0.87 Fy Ast d(1 − )
𝐹𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑥 415
10.87 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 219 (1 − )
1000 𝑥 219 𝑥 20
= 807 = 300m
Provide 12mm bar @ 300mm c/c
𝑎𝑠𝑡
Ast pro = 1000
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝜋
1000 𝑥 𝑥 122
4
=
300
= 272 mm
= 300 mm
Provide 10mm ∅ bar @ 300mm c/c
𝜋
1000 𝑥 𝑥 102
4
Ast pro =
300
= 376.99mm2
(vi) Shear calculation
𝑊𝑢1
Vu =
2
18.39 𝑥 4.73
=
2
Vu = 43.45 KN
𝑉𝑢
(vii) Check shear stress 𝛿v =
𝑏𝑑
43.49 𝑥 102
=
1000 𝑥 219
= 0.19 N/mm2
100 𝐴𝑠𝑡 100 𝑥 140
Permissible stress 𝛿c = =
𝑏𝑑 1000 𝑥 219
= 0.06 = 0.28 N/mm2
Hence safe.
Step (8) : RF detail
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DESIGN OF SUNSHADE
Clear span = 0.6 x 1.7 m
Bearing wall = 230mm
Live load = 1.5KN/m2
Floor finish = 0.5KN/m2
Cover = 20mm
Fck = 20N/mm2
Fy = 415K/mm2
Slab thickness, D = 60mm
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑥 415
11.5 x 106 = 0.87 x Ast x 415 x 65 (1 − )
1000 𝑥 20 𝑥 65
Ast = 72mm
𝑎𝑠𝑡
Spacing = 1000
𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝜋
1000 𝑥 𝑥 82
4
=
72
= 1090mm
= 300mm
Provide 10mm ∅ @ 300mm c/c spacing
𝑎𝑠𝑡
Ast pro = 1000
𝑆𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝜋
1000 𝑥 𝑥 1002
4
=
300
24.23 𝑥 103
=
1000 𝑥 35
= 0.69N/mm2
𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝛿c = 100
𝑏𝑑
610
= 100 x
1000 𝑥 35
= 1.74N/mm2
(refer page number : 59 IS 456 : 2000)
𝛿c = 0.74 N/mm2
𝛿c < 𝛿v
hence it is safe
DESIGN OF BEAM
Design of T-Beam
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clear span = 4m
Thickness of slab = 150mm
Fck = 20 N/mm2
Fy = 415 N/mm2
step 1 effective span
0.23 0.23
(i) c/c support = +4+
2 2
= 4.23m
Clear span + eff. Depth = 4 + 0.4
= 4.4m
Step - 2 Load calculation
1. Self weight of slab = 0.15 x 1 x 25
= 3.75KNm2
2. Floor finish = 1KN/m2
3. Live load = 3KN/m2
4. Self weight beam = 0.23 x 0.4 x 25
= 2.3 KN/m2
Total load = 3.75 + 1 + 3 + 2.3
= 10.05 KN/m2
Step - 3 Effective flange width
𝑏𝑢𝑙
bf = left + + 3Df
6
0.23
= 4.23 + + (3 x 0.15)
6
= 1.385m
Step – 4 Ultimate bending moment and shear force at support section,
𝑊𝑙 2
Mu =
8
10.05 𝑥 4.232
=
8
= 22.477KNm
𝑏 1000
𝑙2 42
Vu = =
2 2
= 31.25KNm
For support section
Main reinforcement
1−𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mu = 0.87 fy x Ast x d x ( )
𝐹𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
1 −415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
22.477 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 400 x ( )
1000 𝑥 400 𝑥 200
= 1.38
= 2bars
provide 2 numbers of 12mm ∅ bar
Distribution reinforcement
0.85 𝑥 𝑏𝑤 𝑥 𝑑
Ast =
𝐹𝑦
= 2.39
= 3 bars
Provide 3 numbers of 10mm ∅ bar
For center section
Main reinforcement
1−𝐹𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mu = 0.87 x Fy x Ast x d ( )
𝐹𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
1−𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑥 415
22.477 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 400 ( )
20 𝑥 1000 𝑥 300
Ast = 156.91mm
Provide 10mm∅ bar
𝐴𝑠𝑡 156.91
No. of bar = = 𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑥 102
4
= 1.99
2 bars
Provide 2 numbers of 10 mm ∅ bar
Distribution Reinforcement
0.85 𝑥 𝑏𝑤 𝑥 𝑑
Ast =
𝑓𝑦
= 20 x 1 x 1 x 1
= 20
𝐿 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
=
𝑑 𝑑
4000
=
230
= 17.39
𝐿 𝐿
𝑚𝑎𝑐 > 𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙
𝑑 𝑑
Hence safe.
Reinforcement details
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Design of L Beam
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Step (1)
Clear span = length of bean = 4m
0.23 0.23
c/c support = + clearspan + =0
2 2
0.23 0.23
= +4 + 4.23m
2 2
= 4.23m
Clear span + effective depth = 4 + 0.4 = 44m
Leff = 4.23m
Step (3) Load calculation
(i) Self weight of slab = 0.15 x 1x 25
= 3.75 KN/m2
(ii) Floor finishing = 1 KN/m2
(iii) Self weight of beam = BxDx𝛾
= 0.23 x 0.4 x 25
= 2.3 KN/m2
Live load = 5KN/m2
Total load = 12.05 KN/m2
Net soil pressure of ultimate load = 1.5 x W
= 1.5 x 12.05
= 18.0.75 KN/m2
Step (4) Effective flange width
𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑓
bf = + bw + 3Df
12
4.23
= + 0.23 + 3 x 0.15
12
= 1.03m
Step (5) Ultimate bending moment & SF
𝑊𝑙 2
Mu =
8
18.075 𝑥 4.232
=
8
= 40.42 KN/m
𝑀𝑢 1 18.075 𝑥 4.23
Vu = =
2 2
= 38.228 KN/m
For support section
Main reinforcement
𝐴𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑦
nu = 0.87 Fy Ast d (1 − )
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
40.42 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 400 (1 − )
20 𝑥 1000 𝑥 400
= 189 mm2
Provide 10mm ∅ bar
𝐴𝑠𝑡 189
no. of bar = = 𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑥 102
4
= 2.4
3 nos
Provide 3 numbers 10mm ∅ bars
For centre section main reinforcement
𝑓𝑦 𝐴𝑠𝑡
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d x (1 − )
𝑓𝑐𝑘 𝑏𝑑
415 𝐴𝑠𝑡
40.42 x 106 = 0.87 x 415 x Ast x 400 (1 − )
20 𝑥 100 𝑥 400
Ast = 284.05mm2
Provide 12 ∅ bar
284.05
No. of bar = Ast = 𝜋
𝑥 122
4
= 2.511
3nos
Provide 2 no. of 12mm ∅ bars
Distribution reinforcement
0.85 𝑏𝑤𝑑 0.85 𝑥 230 𝑥 400
Ast = =
𝑡𝑦 415
= 189mm2
Provide 10mm ∅ bar
𝐴𝑠𝑡 189
No. of bar = = 𝜋
𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑥 102
4
= 3 nos
Provide 3 numbers 10mm ∅ bars
Steps 5 Check for deflection
𝐴𝑠𝑡
Dt = 100 x
𝑏𝑑
100 𝑥 284.05
= = 0.07
1000 𝑥 400
= 20
𝐿 𝑒𝑓𝑓.𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑛
𝑝𝑟𝑜 =
𝑑 𝑑
= 4230
= 10.57
𝐿 𝐿
𝑝𝑟𝑜 < basic
𝑑 𝑑
Hence safe
Reinforcement Details
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COLUMN DESIGN
Column size = 0.4m x 0.4m
Length of the column = 4m
load, p = 88.36 KN
Fck = 20 N/mm2
Fy = 415 N/mm2
Factored axial load, Pu = 1.5 x 88.36
= 132.54 KN
(i) Check for column
𝐿 4000
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 =
𝑏 400
= 10 < 12
Hence it is a short column
(ii) Area for Dteel
Pu = (0.4 x Fck c Ac) + (0.67 x Fy x Ast)
Ac = Ag – Ast
Ag = 400 x 400
= 160000 mm2
Ac = 160 x 103 – Ast
Pu = (0.4 x Fck x Ac) + (0.67 x Fy x Ast)
132.54 x 103 = (0.4 x 20 x 160 x 106 – Ast) + (0.67 x 415 x Ast)
132.54 x 103 = 1.28 x 106 – Ast + 278.05 Ast
132.54 x 103 = 1.28 x 106 + 270.05 Ast
Ast = 4249 mm2
𝐴𝑠𝑡
No. of bar =
𝑎𝑠𝑡
Provide 16 mm ∅ bar
4249
No. of bar = 𝜋
𝑥 122
4
= 10 < 12
Hence it is a short column
Area of steel
Pu = (0.4 x Fck x Ac) + (0.67 x Fy x Ast)
Ac = Ag – Ast
Ag = 400 x 400
= 160 x 103 mm2
Ac = 160 x 103
147.75 x 103 = [(0.4 x 20 x (160 x 103 – Ast)] + (0.67 x 415 x Ast)
= 1.28 x 106 + 178.05 Ast
278.05 Ast – 1.28 x 106 + 147.75 x 103
Ast = 4190 mm2
𝐴𝑠𝑡
No. of bar =
𝑎𝑠𝑡
= 12nos
Provide 12nos of 16mm ∅ bar
(iii) Design of ties
(a) To find dia of ties
𝜋 𝜋
(i) x ∅ of main bar = x 16
4 4
(ii) 5mm
Say = 5mm(Take max value)
(b) Spacing of ties
(i) Least central dimension = 400mm
48
(ii) = 48 x 5
∅
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DESIGN OF ISOLATED STEP FOOTING
Column size = 0.4m x 0.4m
Size bearing capacity of soil = 350KN/m2
Fck = 20N/mm2
Fy = 415N/mm2
Axial load, p = 500KN
Factored axial load, pu = 1.5 x 500
= 750KN
(i) size of footing
Load on column = 750 KN
Weight of footing and backfill = 10% of pu
10
= x 750
100
= 75KN
Total load = 750 + 75
= 825 KN
𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
Area of footing =
𝑆𝐵𝐶
825
=
350
= 2.35m
= 185.5
= 0.187N/mm2
(iii) one way shear
The critical section for one way shear is at a distance, d from the column face.
Factored shearforce Vu1 = Qu x B x 1000
= 0.187 x 2000 x 1000
= 374 x 103
Assume, pt in footing = 0.25%
Permissible shear forces, 𝜗 c = 0.28N/mm2
One way shear resistance, Vc1 = 𝜗c x B x d
= 0.28 x 2000 x d
= 560d
Vu1 < Vc1
375 x 102 < 560d
d = 669mm
d ≥ 669mm
(iv) Two way shear
Assume effective depth of foting
d = 669mm
𝑑
Compute the two way shear at the critical section, ie from the face of Column
2
= 0.25√20]
= 1.118N/mm2
Two way shear resistance
Vc2 = 𝜗c x [4(bc + d) d]
= 1.118 x [4 x (400 + d) d]
Vc2 = 1888d + 4.4 + 2d2
Vu2 < Vc2
534.3 x 103 < 1888d + 4.4 + 2d2
d < 193.9mm
Therefore one way shear is more critical.
Adopt, effective depth d = 699nn
Overall depth, D = 699 + 50
= 749 ≈ 750 mm
(v) Design of reinforcement
Consider 1m length
Ultimate moment @ column face
1
= Qu x 1 x
2
1
= 187.5 x 1 x
2
= 93.75KNm
𝑀𝑢 93.75 𝑥 106
=
𝑏𝑑2 1000 𝑥 6992
= 0.19
𝐴𝑠𝑡
Pt = 100 x
𝑏𝑑2
𝑏𝑑
Ast = pt x
100
1000 𝑥 699
= 0.25 x
100
= 1747.5mm2
Provide 18 mm ∅ bar
𝑎𝑠𝑡
Spacing = 1000 x
𝐴𝑠𝑡
𝜋
𝑥 182
4
= 1000 x
1747.5
= 145.6
= 150
Provide 18mm ∅ bar @ 150mm c/c spacing on both direction.
Reinforcement Detail
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DATA PREPARATION
Sub Data: Cement mortar 1:3 – m3
Qty Description Rate Per Amount
17 Painting
a) External Wall
b) Internal Wall
c) Ceiling
d) Wood work