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ASIGNATURA

SA
ARALING PANLIPUNAN

Ipinasa kay :
Ms. Joy Elaine L. Gañola
Ipinasa ni:
Gabriel Dominic S. Chiong
Grade 4
On the evening of September 23, 1972, the late president Ferdinand Marcos appeared on national
television to formally announce that the Philippines was under Martial Law.

This began almost 10 years of military rule in the country. Marcos formally ended Martial Law on
January 17, 1981, but it was not until 1986 when democracy was restored – after the dictator and
his family were forced into exile, overthrown by a popular uprising that came to be known as the
People Power Revolution

About 70,000 people were imprisoned and 34,000 tortured, according to Amnesty International,
while 3,240 were killed from 1972 to 1981. During this dark chapter of Philippine history,
thousands of people were subject to various forms of torture. Prisoners were electrocuted, beaten
up, and strangled. They were burned with a flat iron or cigars. Water was poured down their
throats, then forced out by beating. Women were stripped naked and raped, various objects forced
into their genitals.

Historian Alfred McCoy wrote about Marcos' elite torture units, whose specialty was
psychological torture and humiliation aside from the physical pain.

It has been many years since then, but the victims have not forgotten – especially as the Marcoses
have neither acknowledged their crimes nor made reparations for their sins.
Liliosa Hilao, or Lilli to friends, was a consistent honor student and scholar of the Pamantasan ng
Lungsod ng Maynila (PLM). The communication arts student, an active member of different
student organizations, was due to graduate cum laude.

er weak health did not stop her from being an active student leader. She was editor-in-chief of
HASIK, PLM’s student publication that openly criticized the Marcos administration. Lilli was too
sickly to rally on the streets and channeled her strength through her pen, writing thoughtful essays
against the dictator’s regime.

At 23, Lilli made it to history books and publications, but not because of her academic excellence
nor her writing talent. She was the first female and student activist to die in detention during martial
rule.

Lilli suffered a fate worse than death.

Drunken soldiers from the Constabulary Anti-Narcotics Unit (CANU) beat up Lilli and took her
to Camp Crame. She was eventually found dead in the detention center. CANU reported she
committed suicide by drinking muriatic acid, but her body showed signs of torture: her lips bore
cigarette burns, her arms had injection marks, and her body was full of bruises. According to her
sister, her internal organs were removed to cover signs of torture and possible sexual abuse.

Here's what physical torture looked like during martial law


Electric shock - Electric wires are attached to the victim’s fingers, arms, head and in some
cases, genitalia.

San Juanico Bridge - The victim lies between two beds and if his/her body falls, he/she will be
beaten.

Truth serum - An injection administered in hospitals and used for interrogation, making a
victim "talk drunkenly."
Russian roulette - Loading a bullet into one chamber of a revolver, spinning the cylinder, and
then forcing the victim to pull the trigger while pointing the gun at his/her own head.

Beating - Victim is beaten by a group of soldiers.


Pistol-whipping - The victim is beaten with a rifle butt.

Water cure - Water is forced through the victim’s mouth and then forced out by beating.
Strangulation - Constriction of the victim's neck done by hand, electric wire, or steel bar.

Cigar and flat iron burns - Victims of torture are inflicted with burns using cigarettes, and even
a flat iron.
Pepper torture - A "concentrated pepper substance" is put on the victim’s lips or rubbed on
his/her genitalia

Animal treatment - The victim is shackled, caged, treated, and fed like an animal.
OTHER TORTURE

his is done through solitary confinement and isolation. Some reported mental torture by threats
of imminent death, rape, and harm to their families.

Stories of sexual abuse were also prevalent inside detention centers. Women were stripped
naked, made to sit on ice blocks, stand in cold rooms, and raped and sexually assaulted using
objects such as eggplants smeared with chili peppers.
Political Detainees few were:
1. Benigno Aquino
The first wave of arrests under Marcos' declaration of martial law began with the arrest of
Senator Benigno Aquino Jr. late in the evening of September 22, during a late meeting of
the joint congressional committee on tariff reforms at the Manila Hilton hotel. Aquino was
one of Marcos' most prominent critics, and who had exposed the plan to proclaim martial
law in a speech in the Philippine Senate the week before.
On April 4, 1975, Aquino announced that he was going on a hunger strike, a fast to the
death to protest the injustices of his military trial. Ten days through his hunger strike, he
instructed his lawyers to withdraw all motions he had submitted to the Supreme Court. As
weeks went by, he subsisted solely on salt tablets, sodium bicarbonate, amino acids, and
two glasses of water a day. Even as he grew weaker, suffering from chills and cramps,
soldiers forcibly dragged him to the military tribunal's session. His family and hundreds of
friends and supporters heard Mass nightly at the Santuario de San Jose in Greenhills, San
Juan, praying for his survival. Near the end, Aquino's weight had dropped from 54 to 36
kilos. Aquino nonetheless was able to walk throughout his ordeal. On May 13, 1975, on
the 40th day, his family and several priests and friends, begged him to end his fast, pointing
out that even Christ fasted only for 40 days. He acquiesced, confident that he had made a
symbolic gesture. But he remained in prison, and the trial continued, drawn out for several
years. On November 25, 1977, the Military Commission charged Aquino along
with NPA leaders Bernabe Buscayno (Commander Dante) and Lt. Victor Corpuz, guilty of
all charges and sentenced them to death by firing squad.[23] The death sentence was never
carried out as Aquino's death sentence was commuted by President Marcos in May 1980.[24]

2. Senator Ramon Mitra


3. Etta Rosales - then Jose Rizal college History teacher
The former CHR said she was arrested twice — the first one during the "smiling"
martial law, when they were not hurt while in detention. The second arrest was different as
protests against Marcos continued to grow. A lot of people went underground, a lot of
people were arrested, a lot of people were tortured, a lot of people disappeared and that
was totally out of fear

4. Haydee Yorac – human rights lawyer


5. Chino Roces – Manila Times publisher
6. Heherson Alvarez
7. Aquilino Pimentel Jr.
8. Toefisto Guingona Jr.
Because of his opposition to martial rule he was jailed twice, first in 1972 and then in
1978

9. Serge Osmena
10. Jose “Pepe” Diokno

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