Name: Chananya Luengaroontip Nickname: Meiling Section :1010

The Endocrine systems: How the Body Works

Instructions: Identify the endocrine gland structures and hormone function /hormone effects on the body.
*NOTE: The male and female structures & functions 1 to 7 are the same. However, 8 & 9 are different.

I. Male Body

1.Name of gland: Pineal

Hormone produced: ​It produces and secretes the hormone ​melatonin
Effect on the Body: ​helps regulate biological rhythms such as sleep and wake cycles.

2. Name of gland: Pituitary

Hormone produced: ​adrenocorticotropic hormone
Effect on the Body: Regulates growth, metabolism and controls the activities of all other endocrine glands

3.Name of gland: Thyroid

Hormone produced: produce thyroxine
Effect on the Body: ​Control the rate at which cells burn fuels from food to make energy.
4.Name of gland: Parathyroid
Hormone produced:​parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Effect on the Body: The hormones that it produces help to regulate the body’s balance of calcium and
phosphorus.

5.Name of gland: Thymus

Hormone produced: Produce thymosin
Effect on the Body: necessary for T-cell ​development and production

6.Name of gland: Adrenal

Hormone produced:​adrenaline​, the steroids ​
aldosterone​and ​cortisol
Effect on the Body:​produces ​steroid​hormones and an inner medulla.

7. Name of gland: Pancreas

Hormone produced:​​insulin​and glucagon
Effect on the Body: ​Control the level of ​glucose​
, or sugar, in the blood. Insulin helps keep the body supplied
with stores of energy.

*9. Name of gland:Teste

Hormone produced:​testosterone
Effect on the Body:produce sperm for fertilization

II. Female Body

.
1.Name of gland: Pineal Hormone produced：​melatonin
Effect on the Body:​help regulate when you sleep at night and when you wake in the morning.

2.Name of gland:Pituitary Hormone produced:

Effect on the Body: control many other endocrine glands.

3.Name of gland:Thyroid Hormone produced:​thyroxine

Effect on the Body:​control the rate at which cells burn fuels from food to make energy.

4. Name of gland:Parathyroid
Hormone produced:​parathyroid
Effect on the Body:​controls the level of calcium in the blood with the help of calcitonin

5.Name of gland: Thymus

Hormone produced:​Hypothalamus
Effect on the Body:​make chemicals that control the release of hormones secreted from the pituitary gland.
The hypothalamus gathers information sensed by the brain and sends it to the pituitary.

6.Name of gland: Adrenal

Hormone produced:​The outer part is the ​adrenal cortex​.
. . . The inner part is the ​adrenal medulla
Effect on the Body: Help the body deal with stress and respond to emergencies, and it regulates the body’s
salt and water balance.
7.Name of gland:Pancreas
Hormone produced: produce glucagon and insulin
Effect on the Body: It serves both digestive and endocrine systems.

*8. Name of gland:Ovary

Hormone produced: It produces oestrogen and progesterone
Effect on the Body: It produces egg.

III. Click on the link: ​https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/endocrine.html#kha

To learn more about the endocrine system problems.

● What cause Type 1 diabetes? How is it treated?

=The exact cause of type 1 diabetes is unknown. Usually, the body's own immune system — which
normally fights harmful bacteria and viruses — mistakenly destroys the insulin-producing (islet, or islets of
Langerhans) cells in the pancreas. Other possible causes include: Genetics, Exposure to viruses and other
environmental factors

● What happens if the pituitary makes too much growth hormone? What happens if it produces too
little?
=People can also have too much growth hormone. Usually the cause is a pituitary gland tumor, which is not
cancer. Too much growth hormone can cause gigantism in children, where their bones and their body grow
too much. In adults, it can cause acromegaly, which makes the hands, feet and face larger than normal.
Possible treatments include surgery to remove the tumor, medicines, and radiation therapy.

● What is precocious puberty? How is it treated?

=Precocious puberty is when a child's body begins changing into that of an adult (puberty) too soon.
Puberty that begins before age 8 in girls and before age 9 in boys is considered precocious puberty. The
precocious puberty can be treated by This treatment, called Gn-RH analogue therapy, usually includes a
monthly injection of a medication, such as leuprolide (Lupron Depot), which delays further development.