Name

Unit 10  How a paper mill works Class

Date

Start thinking
1 Answer the questions.
1 What do you use paper for?

2 How much paper do you use every week?

3 What do you know about the process of making paper?

Comprehension check
2 Watch the video. Choose the correct answers.
1 The amount of paper we use today is … the amount we used in the past.
a more than b the same as c less than
2 One of the oldest paper mills in the UK has made paper since the …
a mid-1100s. b mid-1700s. c mid-1800s.
3 A paper mill needs 24 … to make a ton of paper.
a different chemicals b tons of water c trees

3 Watch the video again. Number the stages of the paper-making process a–h in the correct order 1–8.
a The water is squeezed out of the pulp.
b The paper is dried and cut into different sizes.
c The pulp is treated until it becomes a smooth milky liquid.
d The paper is packaged and shipped to its final destination.
e The wood is mixed with water and chemicals to make pulp.
f Trees are cut down.
g The paper is stretched and heated.
h Different substances are added to the pulp to make the right sort of paper.

4 Complete the summary. Write a number or a word in each gap.

Every day, people all over the world use about 1 million tons of paper. In order to supply the
paper we need, about 400 million tons of paper are produced every 2  . Paper was invented in
3
about 2,000 years ago, but the first time it was used in Europe was around 4  .
Paper can be made from many different things, such as wood, fabric and 5  . The company James
Cropper PLC has made paper at Burneside Mills since 6  . One of the problems with the paper-
making process is that it often damages the 7  . If you 8 the paper you use,
you can reduce this damage.

5 Work in pairs. Answer the questions.

1 Do you think we will use less paper in the future? Why / why not?
2 In what ways do you think we can reduce the amount of paper we use?
3 How do you think we could make the paper-making process more environmentally friendly?

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 Vocabulary
6 Match the words 1–7 to the definitions a–g.
1 fabric a a soft, wet substance that is made by crushing something
2 mill b a very small amount of something
3 pulp c water in small drops on a surface or in the air
4 consistency d a part of machine in the shape of a tube or cylinder
5 roller e a kind of factory, usually for making things like paper or flour
6 trace f material made from cotton, wool, silk, nylon, etc.
7 moisture g how thick or smooth a mixture is

7 Complete the sentences with the verbs below.

beat churn package ship squeeze stretch
1 To make fresh orange juice, you cut some oranges in half and then the juice into a glass.
2 Companies can their products by road, rail, air or sea.
3 If Kate wears her younger sister’s clothes, she’ll them.
4 Companies should their products carefully, so that they are not damaged.
5 To make butter, you have to some milk in a large container until it becomes thick.
6 To make an omelette, you break some eggs into a bowl, then them with a fork or whisk.

Extension
Work in groups. Research the manufacturing process of something you use every day. Explain to the
class how this thing is made.
1 Brainstorm things we use every day.
2 Research how one of the items is made. When you have finished, briefly explain the manufacturing process to
your group.
3 Choose one of the things that someone in your group researched. Write a more detailed explanation of the
manufacturing process of this thing. Use the expressions in the box to help you. Find some pictures to help
illustrate your presentation.
4 Present the process to the class.
5 Have a class vote on the most interesting presentation.

Useful expressions: Explaining a process

First of all, …
Then, …
Next, …
After that, …
Later, …
Finally, …

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 Unit 10  DVD teacher’s notes

Video summary
The video is about paper and how it is made. It talks about a paper mill in the north of England and explains the
paper-making process. This video links to page 129 of the Student’s Book.

Background culture notes

Paper was first made in China in 105 AD using the skin of trees (bark), which was then crushed and added to
water to make a pulp. In the Middle Ages, Europeans used fabric from old clothes to make paper. Today, most of
our paper is made from wood in paper mills.
The Lake District is a mountainous region in north-west England. The area is famous for its lakes, forests and
mountains and it is the largest National Park in England and Wales.
Burneside is a small village of 2,000 people, which is just outside the Lake District. It is famous for its paper mill,
which is one of the oldest paper mills in the UK, and it still makes paper today.
Some people are against the use of paper because it has a negative effect on the environment. In the last 40
years, the consumption of paper has increased by 400%, which means that more trees are being cut down.
Paper waste also makes up a large part of the world’s rubbish, and the bleaching process, which turns the paper
white, often releases dangerous chemicals into the environment.

Start thinking
1 Read the questions with the class and elicit answers from individual students. Encourage students to give a
personal response and use their suggestions to start a class discussion.
Students’ own answers.

Comprehension check
2 Answer key
1  a  2 b  3 c

3 Answer key
1  f  2 e  3 c  4 
h  5 a  6 
g  7 b  8 d

4 Answer key
1 one
2 year
3 China
4 1150
5 flowers
6 1845
7 environment
8 recycle

5 Students’ own answers.

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 Vocabulary
6 Answer key
1  f  2 e  3 a  4 
g  5 d  6 b  7 c

7 Answer key
1 squeeze
2 ship
3 stretch
4 package
5 churn
6 beat

Extension
Stage 1: Preparation before the class
• Ask students to think about things that they use every day. Elicit ideas and write them on the board.
• Tell students they are going to research how one of the items is made. They can also research their own ideas
if they want to.
Stage 2: Procedure in the class
• Divide students into small groups of three of four. Ask them to move their desks together, if possible.
• Ask students to take out their research about the manufacturing process of their everyday item.
• Explain that they are going to briefly tell their group how the item is made. Allow time for all the students to talk
about their everyday item.
• Tell students to choose one of the items in their group. Ask them to write a more detailed explanation of the
manufacturing process of that item. Tell them to use the useful expressions in the box to help them.
• Ask each group in turn to present the manufacturing process of their item to the class. Finally, have a class vote
on the most interesting presentation.
Extra ideas
Try searching for information about everyday objects on sites such as How stuff is made or Wikipedia.

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 Unit 10 DVD scripts  How a paper mill works
Maybe it’s surprising that in our modern world of mobile phones and computer screens, more and more paper is being
used every year.
We still need paper for our newspapers, books, and the paper we write on, as well as all the packaging for the food we
eat and the things we buy in shops.
Around the world, more than one million tons of paper is used every day. And, every year, 400 million tons of paper is
produced.
Paper has been used in China for nearly 2,000 years. But it didn’t come to Europe until about 1150.
Making paper isn’t hard. In fact, you can make your own paper. It can be made from many different things including
fabric and flowers. Some people still make paper by hand.
But most paper is made in factories called mills using wood from trees. The wood is cut up and mixed with water and
chemicals to make ‘pulp’. This pulp is dried and sold to other mills to make paper.
This is the Lake District in the north of England. It’s a national park with many beautiful lakes and forests.
And just outside the Lake District, near the town of Kendal, is Burneside Mills, one of the oldest paper mills in England.
Paper has been made here since the mid-1700s. The mill was built here because there were a lot of trees and water in
this area.
James Cropper PLC are paper makers. It’s a family business and they’ve made paper at Burneside Mills since 1845.
The company buys pulp from countries like Spain and China, and turn it into high-quality paper.
Firstly, they add water to the pulp. The pulp is beaten and churned in huge containers until it turns into a smooth milky
liquid.
‘Fillers’ and ‘sizing agents’ are added to the pulp. These give the finished paper its colour, strength and consistency.
Then the water is squeezed out of the pulp by huge rollers. The paper is stretched and heated to remove all the water
and stiffen the sheet.
The paper is dried. This removes all traces of moisture. Finally, it’s cut into different sizes. The paper is then ready to be
packaged and shipped to its final destination.
Paper is essential to modern living, but a lot of trees have to be cut down to make paper. It is estimated that 24 trees
are cut down to make a ton of printing and writing paper. The process also needs a huge amount of water and uses
some dangerous chemicals. Obviously, this is potentially very damaging for the environment.
Recycled paper can be turned into pulp. This means that more paper can be made without destroying any more trees.
Good news for the environment, and for us. So next time you go to print out an email or a photo, take a moment to
think whether it’s really necessary. Even a small change can make a big difference.

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