STRUCTURAL DESIGN 2

STEEL AND TIMBER

CE134
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 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
The structural design of buildings, whether of
structural steel or reinforced concrete, requires
the determination of the overall proportions and
dimensions of the supporting framework and the
selection of the cross sections of individual
members.

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 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Structural design is a systematic & iterative
process that involves:
 Identification of intended use & occupancy of
a structure – by owner
 Development of architectural plans & layout
– by architect
 Identification of structural framework – by
engineer
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 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
 Estimation of structural loads depending on
use & occupancy
 Analysis of the structure to determine member
& connection design forces
 Design of structural members & connections
 Verification of design

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 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
 Fabrication & Erection – by steel fabricator &
contractor
 Inspection & Approval – by state building
official

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 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
The primary responsibilities of the participants:
 Owner - primary responsibility is deciding the
use & occupancy, & approving the arch. plans
of the building.
 Architect - primary responsibility is ensuring
that the architectural plan of the building
interior is appropriate for the intended use &
the overall building is aesthetically pleasing.
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 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
The primary responsibilities of the participants:
 Engineer – primary responsibility is ensuring
the safety & serviceability of the structure,
i.e., designing the building to carry the loads
safely.
 Fabricator – primary responsibility is ensuring
that the designed members & connections are
fabricated economically in the shop or field as
required. 7
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
The primary responsibilities of the participants:
 Contractor/Erector - primary responsibility is
ensuring that the members & connections are
economically assembled in the field to build
the structure.
 Building Official – primary responsibility is
ensuring that the built structure satisfies the
appropriate building codes accepted by the
Govt.
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 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
From an engineering standpoint, the parameters
that can be varied (somewhat) are:
 The material of construction
 The structural framing plan.

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 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
From an engineering standpoint, the parameters
that can be varied (somewhat) are:
 The material of construction
 Steel
 Reinforced concrete
 Steel-concrete composite construction.

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 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
From an engineering standpoint, the parameters
that can be varied (somewhat) are:
 The structural framing plan.
 Moment resisting frames.
 Braced frames.
 Dual frames
 Shear wall frames, and so on.

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 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
From an engineering standpoint, the parameters
that can be varied (somewhat) are:
 The material of construction
 The structural framing plan.
 The engineer can also innovate a new
structural framing plan for a particular
structure if required.

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 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
All viable material + framing plan alternatives
must be considered & designed to compare the
individual material + fabrication / erection costs
to identify the most efficient & economical
design for the structure.
For each material + framing plan alternative
considered, designing the structure consists of
designing the individual structural components,
i.e., the members & the connections, of the
framing plan. 13
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Assume dimensions, structural conditions and
cross sections

Structural Analysis

Selection of cross sections to satisfy

structural requirements

Does the design violate the initial assumptions?

YES NO

Final Design 14
 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
The Work of Structural Designer
Arrange and proportion the members of the
structures, using engineer’s intuition and
sound engineering principles, so that they
will satisfactorily support the loads to which
they may feasibly be subjected.

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 STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Considerations in designing:
 Safety – priority of the structural engineer
 Serviceability - how well the structure
performs in terms of appearance and
deflection.
 Economy - an economical structure requires an
efficient use of materials and construction
labor.
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 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

Strength Serviceability

Optimal
Economy
design

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