Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
RESUMEN
1. Introducción
2. Descripción general del gen de la leptina y LR
3. Efectos neuroendocrinos de leptina
3.1. Papel de la leptina en la regulación de la secreción de gonadotropinas en
el ganado bovino y ovino: efectos del estado nutricional
3.2. Interacciones LR dentro del eje hipotálamo-gonadotrópica
3.2.1. Hipotálamo
3.2.2. Adenohipófisis
4. La leptina y el inicio de la pubertad
4.1. Qué leptina regular el momento de la pubertad?
4.2. La leptina y la pubertad en el ganado vacuno y ovejas
5. Gonadal y efectos embrionarias de leptina
6. Metabólicos y endocrinos de adaptación respuestas a la leptina
6.1. Eje somatotrópico
6.2. Respuestas hepáticas y pancreáticas a la leptina
7. Consecuencias fisiológicas del genotipo
8. Resumen y conclusiones
Expresiones de gratitud y referencias
1. INTRODUCCIÓN
Coleman caracterizó el fenotipo del ratón obeso que incluía obesidad masiva,
hiperfagia, resistencia a la insulina y intolerancia al frío [3].
Sin embargo, no fue hasta 1994 que Zhang et al. caracterizado, a través de la
clonación y la secuenciación posicional, el genotipo responsable del síndrome
que conduce al descubrimiento de la leptina [4].
El término leptina fue tomado de los “leptos” griego, que significa “delgado”, y es
descriptiva del cuerpo efectos de reducción de peso de la hormona. Sin embargo,
la leptina no sólo normaliza el estado obeso, diabético en ratones ob / ob, que
también restauró la fertilidad.
Los rumiantes son menos agudamente sensible a los cambios a corto plazo en
el consumo de energía de la dieta de los animales monogástricos. Sin
embargo, la vaquilla peripuberal[36] y wether estradiol-implantado
[37]representar dos modelos de rumiantes en el que el ayuno aguda se ha
demostrado para restringir la frecuencia de pulsos de LH y más bajos significan
las concentraciones circulantes de LH. Además, la restricción de alimento
crónica reduce la frecuencia de pulsos de LH en corderos[38] y [39] y las
concentraciones circulantes de LH en ovejas [40]. El tratamiento con leptina no
afecta la secreción de LH en ovejas ovariectomizadas adecuadamente
alimentadas[41] y vacas [33] pero impide claramente una reducción en la
frecuencia de los pulsos de LH en carneros castrados en ayunas, tratadas con
estrógeno [37] y prepúberes, vaquillas intactas en ayunas [42]. Por otra parte,
en los primeros informes, la leptina apareció para estimular la secreción de LH
en forma crónica, ovejas ovariectomizadas con restricción alimenticia[43]. Sin
embargo, estudios más recientes del mismo laboratorio han sugerido que las
ovejas solamente en ayunas previamente alimentados con una dieta normal
responderá de forma aguda a la leptina, mientras que las ovejas en nutrientes
restringida a largo plazo que estuvieron en ayunas no responden con un
aumento en la secreción de LH[44]. No obstante, está claro que el efecto
estimulante de la leptina sobre la secreción de LH en los rumiantes se limita
principalmente a los períodos de estrés nutricional ([36], [37], [42] y [43]; tabla
1). En la vaca madura, aunque a corto plazo (2-3 d) ayuno es incapaz de
contener la frecuencia de los pulsos de LH, incluso en animales
moderadamente delgadas[33] y [34], La leptina estimula un aumento robusto
en la línea de base y concentraciones medias generales de LH. Esto ocurre
como resultado de un aumento del tamaño de los pulsos de LH individuales[33]
y [34]. Estos hallazgos, junto con nuestras observaciones recientes que utilizan
explantes pituitaria anterior perifused, son consistentes con la idea de que los
efectos de la leptina sobre la secreción de LH en la madurez sexual, la hembra
de rumiante residen en gran medida en el nivel de adenohipófisis[35]. Sin
embargo, en nuestros estudios más recientes, se midió la GnRH directamente
en el LCR recogidos a partir del tercer ventrículo (III V) y observamos la
capacidad de la leptina para aumentar la concentración de GnRH y el tamaño
de los impulsos individuales de la GnRH. Por lo tanto, ahora está claro que los
aumentos de leptina mediada en la secreción de LH en la vaca se pueden
efectuar tanto a nivel de la pituitaria del hipotálamo y anterior (tabla 1). La
incapacidad de la leptina para estimular un aumento en las concentraciones de
LH en circulación en el ganado vacuno y ovejas-completos alimentados[41],
[42] y [46], Y en cultivos de células primarias o explantes de ganado-completos
alimentados [47], No se entiende por completo; sin embargo, la literatura
publicada apoya cada vez más a un consenso de que la leptina estimula el eje
hipotálamo-adenohipofisaria principalmente en animales estresados
nutricionalmente. Además, los efectos de la leptina en el eje hipotálamo-
pituitaria parecen ser dependientes de la dosis exquisitamente. oleptin
recombinante inyectado por vía intravenosa provoca una inversa, el aumento
relacionado con la dosis en las concentraciones plasmáticas basales de LH en
vacas ovariectomizadas, estradiol-implantado en ayunas durante 60 h[34]. Una
dosis de 0,2 mg / kg maximiza el aumento de LH, mientras que las dosis de 2 y
20 mg / kg provocaron inferior y no hay respuestas, respectivamente (Figura 1).
Por lo tanto, la duración y / o cantidad de exposición a la hormona parecen
determinar el nivel de resistencia.
Tabla 1.
Resumen de los efectos de la leptina recombinante en el eje hipotalámico-gonadotropina
en el ganado bovino, incluidos los sitios probables de acción
Aumento de
la línea de
base y LH
circulante
vaca en ayunas adenohipófisis [33] y [34]
significar;
aumentar el
tamaño del
pulso
Modelo animal / Referencia
Respuesta Sitio de acción
tejido (s)
explantes Aumentar la
adenohipofisarias; liberación gonadotrope [35]
vacas en ayunas basal de LH
Aumentar la
explantes
liberación de
adenohipofisarias;
GnRH gonadotrope [35]
vacas completo
mediada de
alimentados
LH
reducción
en ayunas
mediada
impedido en
la frecuencia
de los
En ayunas,
pulsos de
vaquillas hipotálamo [42]
LH y
peripuberales
aumento de
la frecuencia
con
respecto al
inicio de
ayuno
El aumento
de la
liberación de
adenohipófisis [42]
GnRH
mediada de
LH
El aumento
de LH
plasmática y
GnRH IIIV
CSF;
aumento de
la amplitud
vacas en ayunas Hipotálamo / adenohipófisis [45]
de los
pulsos de
LH y el
tamaño
(AUC) de
pulsos de la
GnRH
Modelo animal / Referencia
Respuesta Sitio de acción
tejido (s)
explantes
adenohipofisarias y
cultivos de células
primarias, toros- Sin efecto N/A [47]
completos
alimentados,
bueyes
Prepúberes,,
novillas prepúberes
normal o
Sin efecto N/A [86] y [45]
moderadamente
con restricción del
crecimiento
tabla de tamaño completo
Fig. 1. Efecto relacionado con la dosis de la leptina recombinante administrada por vía
intravenosa sobre las concentraciones medias de LH circulante en vacas
ovariectomizadas maduras.
3.2.1. hipotálamo
Los mecanismos neuroendocrinos a través de los cuales la leptina influye en la
actividad neuronal de la GnRH no se han dilucidado por completo. El LR se
expresa abundantemente dentro del hipotálamo [48], [49], [50], [51], [52] y [53];
sin embargo, la leptina en última instancia puede influir en la secreción de
GnRH principalmente a través de mecanismos de señalización interneuronal,
ya que los estudios de etiquetado doble realizados con roedores [32] y primates
superiores [54] no han demostrado la expresión de LR en las neuronas de
GnRH.
Watanobe [55] informó que la leptina puede actuar dentro del hipotálamo de las
ratas para estimular la liberación de GnRH, con la mayor sensibilidad a la
leptina dentro de la mediana del núcleo arqueado de la eminencia (ME-ARC)
en ratas en ayunas.
Sobre la base de los aumentos en los niveles de ARNm y proteína del receptor
[56] y [57], el ayuno puede aumentar la concentración de LR en esta región. De
manera similar, se encontró que la expresión de la LR de longitud completa en
el hipotálamo ventromedial (VMH) era mucho mayor en la alimentación
restringida que en las ovejas de alimentación completa [50].
El balance negativo de energía inducido por el ayuno parece tener acciones
presinápticas que se transmiten por una reducción del impulso GABAérgico
excitador en las neuronas GnRH. El tratamiento con leptina exógena evita esta
reducción, lo que indica que la leptina puede actuar de forma presináptica para
restaurar el impulso GABAérgico aferente a las neuronas GnRH en animales
en ayunas [58].
En estudios morfológicos, las poblaciones de neuronas NPY en el ARC
coexpresan la LR [56] y [59], y parece que la NPY media en gran parte de los
efectos neuroendocrinos de la leptina tanto en el sistema GnRH-LH [60] como
[61] y Comportamiento alimentario [61].
Otros factores posteriores implicados en la acción de la leptina dentro del ARC
incluyen la orexina [62] y el péptido relacionado con agutí (AgRP) [63], el último
de los cuales es un antagonista endógeno de la melanocortina 3 (MC3-R) y 4
(MC4-R) ) receptores.
Los efectos inhibitorios de la leptina en la ingesta de alimentos están mediados
principalmente a través de estos receptores. Además, MC4-R puede jugar un
papel crucial en la capacidad de la leptina para potenciar el aumento de LH en
ratas hembras [64], y la alteración en los genes que codifican MC3-R y MC4-R
aumenta la masa grasa [65] y causa obesidad en el ratón [66].
Aunque se han identificado muchos otros péptidos hipotalámicos que
responden a la leptina, la mayoría no parece estar relacionada directamente
con la secreción de GnRH [por ejemplo, α-MSH y transcripción regulada por
cocaína y anfetamina (CART)]. Un péptido identificado más recientemente
dentro del hipotálamo, el péptido similar a la galanina (GALP), responde a la
leptina, estimula la secreción de LH cuando se administra centralmente [67], y
se ha informado que aumenta [68] o disminuye la ingesta de alimentos [69] .
3.2.2. Adenohipófisis
Fig. 3. Efectos de la leptina (0, 5, 10, 50 y 100 ng / ml) sobre las concentraciones
medias (± SEM) de la hormona del crecimiento (GH) en los medios de perifusión de
explantes adenohipofisarios (AP) recolectados de alimentos normales y en ayunas Las
vacas ovarectomizadas maduras: (*) y (**) denotan diferencias de los controles (P
<0.01 y P <0.002, respectivamente). (Adaptado con permiso de [115].)
Fig. 4. Patrones temporales de la liberación de la hormona del crecimiento (GH) después de la
estimulación de la hormona liberadora de la hormona del crecimiento (GHRH) en medios de
perifusión de adenohipofisarios (AP) recolectados de explantes de vacas ovariectomizadas
maduras normales y en ayunas.
Agradecimientos
Este trabajo fue apoyado por USDA-NRI subvenciones 00-35203-9132 y 03-35203-13542, y la
Estación Experimental Agrícola de Texas. También reconocemos las contribuciones de los Dres.
Michelle García, Arieh Gertler, John Edwards, Paul Harms, Marlon Maciel, Nina Raver, Ronald
Randel, Thomas Spencer, Randy Stanko, Thomas Welsh, Jr., y la asistencia técnica de Randle Franke,
Melvin Davis, Stephanie Morton y Joanna Gallino .
Bibliografia
[1] G.C. Kennedy, The role of depot fat in the hypothalamic control of food
intake in the rat, Proc Roy Soc Lond 140 (1953), pp. 579–592.
[2] J.M. Friedman and J.L. Halaas, Leptin and the regulation of the body weight
in mammals, Nature 395 (1998), pp. 763–770. Full Text via CrossRef | View
Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (0)
[3] D.L. Coleman, Obese and diabetes: two mutant genes causing diabetes-
obesity syndromes in mice, Diabetologia 14 (1978), pp. 141–148. Full Text via
CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (478)
[4] Y. Zhang, R. Proenca, M. Maffei, M. Barone, L. Leopold and J.M. Friedman,
Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue, Nature
372 (1994), pp. 425–432. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus |
Cited By in Scopus (5889)
[5] E.D. Green, M. Maffei, V.V. Braden, R. Porenca, U. De Silva and Y. Zhang et
al., The human obese (OB) gene: RNA expression pattern and mapping on the
physical, cytogenic and genetic maps of chromosome 7, Genome Res 5 (1995),
pp. 5–12. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus
(76)
[6] R.T. Stone, S.M. Kappes and C.W. Beattie, The bovine homolog of the
obese gen maps to chromosome 4, Mamm Genome 7 (1996), pp. 399–400.
Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (20)
[7] T. Madej, M.S. Boguski and S.H. Bryant, Threading analysis suggests that
the obese gene product may be a helical cytokine, FEBS Lett 373 (1995), pp.
13–18. Article | PDF (570 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus
(170)
[8] Y. Zhang, M.B. Basinski, J.M. Beals, S.L. Briggs, L.M. Churgaj and D.K.
Clawson et al., Crystal structure of the obese protein leptin-E100, Nature 387
(1997), pp. 206–209.
[9] I. Sobhani, C. Vissuzaine, M. Buyse, S. Kermorgant, J.P. Laigneau and S.
Attoub et al., Leptin secretion and leptin receptor in the human stomach, Gut 47
(2000), pp. 178–183. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By
in Scopus (125)
[10] J. Wang, A nutrient sensing pathway regulates leptin gene expression in
muscle and fat, Nature 393 (1998), pp. 684–688. View Record in Scopus | Cited
By in Scopus (423)
[11] N. Hoggard, L. Hunter, P. Trayhurn, L.M. Williams and J.G. Mercer, Leptin
and reproduction, Proc Nutr Soc 57 (1998), pp. 421–427. View Record in
Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (33)
[12] L. Jin, B.G. Burguera, M.E. Couce, B.W. Scheithauer, J. Lamsan and N.L.
Eberhardt et al., Leptin and leptin receptor expression in normal and neoplastic
human pituitary: evidence of a regulatory role for leptin on pituitary cell
proliferation, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84 (1999), pp. 2903–2911. Full Text via
CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (124)
[13] S.M. Smith-Kirwin, D.M. O’Conor, J. De Johston, E.D. Lancey, S.G.
Hassink and V.L. Funanage, Leptin expression in human mammary epithelial
cells and breast milk, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83 (1998), pp. 1810–1813. View
Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (185)
[14] H. Masuzaki, Y. Ogawa, N. Sagawa, K. Hosoda, T. Matsumoto and H. Mise
et al., Nonadipose tissue production of leptin: leptin as a novel placenta-derived
hormone in humans, Nat Med 3 (1997), pp. 1029–1033. Full Text via CrossRef
| View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (643)
[15] M.R. Garcia, M. Amstalden, S.W. Williams, R.L. Stanko, C.D. Morrison and
D.H. Keisler et al., Serum leptin and its adipose gene expression during
pubertal development, the estrous cycle, and different seasons in cattle, J Anim
Sci 80 (2002), pp. 2158–2167. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (29)
[16] K.L. Houseknecht, C.S. Mantzoros, R. Kuliawat, E. Hadro, J.S. Flier and
B.B. Kahn, Evidence for leptin binding to proteins in serum of rodents and
humans: modulation with obesity, Diabetes 45 (1996), pp. 1638–1643. View
Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (167)
[17] P. Trayhurn, N. Hoggard, JG Mercer y DV Rayner, Leptina: aspectos
fundamentales, Int J Obes 23 (1999), pp 22-28.. Ver registro en Scopus | Citado
por en Scopus (134)
[18] C. Meyer, D. Robson, N. Rackovsky, V. Nadkarni y J. Gerisch, Papel del
riñón en el metabolismo de la leptina humana, Am J Physiol 273 (1997), pp.
E903-E907. Ver registro en Scopus | Citado por en Scopus (60)
[19] J. Licinio, AB Negrao, C. Mantzoros, V. Kaklamani, M. Wong y PB
Bongiorno et al., Sincronía de la muestra con frecuencia concentraciones de
24-h circulantes de leptina, la hormona luteinizante, y estradiol en mujeres
sanas, Proc Natl Acad Sci EE.UU. 95 (1998), pp. 2541-2546. Texto completo a
través de CrossRef | Ver registro en Scopus | Citado por en Scopus (160)
[20] J.A. Daniel, B.K. Whitlock, J.A. Baker, B. Steele, C.D. Morrison and I.
Keisler et al., Effect of body fat mass and nutritional status on 24-hour leptin
profiles in ewes, J Anim Sci 80 (2002), pp. 1083–1089. View Record in Scopus |
Cited By in Scopus (28)
[21] C. Bjorbaek, S. Uotani, B. Da Silva and J.S. Flier, Divergent signaling
capcities of the long and the short isoforms of the leptin receptor, J Biol Chem
272 (1997), pp. 32686–32695. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus
(410)
[22] S. Uotani, C. Bjorbaek, J. Tornoe and J.S. Flier, Functional properties of
leptin receptor isoforms: internalization and degradation of leptin and ligand-
induced receptor downregulation, Diabetes 48 (1999), pp. 279–286. Full Text
via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (100)
[23] K.D. Niswender, G.J. Morton, W.H. Stearns, C.J. Rhodes, M.G. Myers Jr.
and M.W. Schwartz, Key enzyme in leptin-induced anorexia, Nature 413 (2001),
pp. 794–795. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in
Scopus (182)
[24] C. Bjorbaek, J.K. Elmquist, J.D. Franz, S.E. Shoelson and J.S. Flier,
Identification of SOCS-3 as a potential mediator of central leptin resistance, Mol
Cell 1 (1998), pp. 619–625. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (424)
[25] M. Maamra, M. Bidlingmaier, M.C. Postel-Vinay, Z. Wu, C.J. Srasburger
and RJ.M. Ross, Generation of human soluble leptin receptor by proteolytic
cleavage of membrane-anchored receptors, Endocrinology 142 (2001), pp.
4389–4393. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in
Scopus (47)
[26] F.F. Chehab, M.E. Lim and L. Ronghua, Correction of the sterility defect in
homozygous obese female mice by treatment with the human recombinant
leptin, Nat Genet 12 (1996), pp. 318–320. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record
in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (889)
[27] R. Swerdloff, R. Batt and G. Bray, Reproductive hormonal function in the
genetically obese (ob/ob) mouse, Endocrinology 98 (1976), pp. 1359–1364.
View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (87)
[28] R. Swerdloff, M. Peterson, A. Vera, R. Batt, D. Heber and G. Bray, The
hypothalamic–pituitary axis in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice: response to
luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, Endocrinology 103 (1978), pp. 542–
547. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (35)
[29] I.A. Barash, C.C. Cheung, D.S. Weigle, H. Ren, E.B. Kabigting and J.L.
Kuijper et al., Leptin is a metabolic signal to the reproductive system,
Endocrinology 137 (1996), pp. 3144–3147. Full Text via CrossRef | View
Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (661)
[30] W.H. Yu, M. Kimura, A. Walczewska, S. Karanth and S.M. McCann, Role of
leptin in hypothalamic–pituitary function, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 (1997), pp.
1023–1028. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in
Scopus (427)
[31] W.H. Yu, A. Walczewska, S. Karanath and S.M. McCann, Nitric oxide
mediates leptin-induced luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and
LHRH and leptin induced LH release from the pituitary gland, Endocrinology
138 (1997) (11), pp. 5055–5058. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in
Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (130)
[32] M. Woller, S. Tessmer, D. Neff, A.A. Nquema, B.V. Roo and D. Waechter-
Brulla, Leptin stimulates gonadotropin releasing hormone release from cultured
intact hemihypothalami and enzymatically dispersed neurons, Exp Biol Med 226
(2001), pp. 591–596. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (21)
[33] M. Amstalden, M.R. Garcia, R.L. Stanko, S.E. Niezielski, C.D. Morrison and
D.H. Keisler et al., Central infusion of recombinant ovine leptin normalizes
plasma insulin and stimulates a novel hypersecretion of luteinizing hormone
after short-term fasting in mature beef cows, Biol Reprod 66 (2002), pp. 1555–
1561. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (39)
[34] D.A. Zieba, M. Amstalden, M.N. Maciel, D.H. Keisler, N. Raver and A.
Gertler et al., Divergent effects of leptin on luteinizing hormone and insulin
secretion are dose dependent, Exp Biol Med 228 (2003), pp. 325–330. View
Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (18)
[35] M. Amstalden, D.A. Zieba, J.E. Edwards, P.G. Harms, T.H. Welsh and R.L.
Stanko et al., Leptin acts at the bovine adenohypophysis to enhance basal and
GnRH-mediated release of LH: differential effects are dependent upon
nutritional history, Biol Reprod 69 (2003), pp. 1539–1544. Full Text via
CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (14)
[36] M. Amstalden, M.R. Garcia, S.W. Williams, R.L. Stanko, S.E. Nizielski and
C.D. Morrison et al., Leptin gene expression, circulating leptin, and luteinizing
hormone pulsatility are acutely responsive to short-term fasting in prepubertal
heifers: relationships to circulating insulin and insulin-like growth factor I, Biol
Reprod 63 (2000), pp. 127–133. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in
Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (66)
[37] S. Nagatani, Y. Zeng, D.H. Keisler, D.L. Foster and C.A. Jaffe, Leptin
regulates pulsatile luteinizing hormone and growth hormone secretion in the
sheep, Endocrinology 141 (2000), pp. 3965–3975. Full Text via CrossRef |
View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (93)
[38] D.L. Foster and D.H. Olster, Effect of restricted nutrition on puberty in the
lamb: patterns of tonic luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and competency of
the LH surge system, Endocrinology 116 (1985), pp. 375–381. View Record in
Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (89)
[39] C.D. Morrison, J.A. Daniel, B.J. Holmberg, J. Djiane, N. Raver and A.
Gertler et al., Central infusion of leptin into well-fed and undernourished ewe
lambs: effects on feed intake and serum concentrations of growth hormone and
luteinizing hormone, J Endocrinol 168 (2001), pp. 317–324. Full Text via
CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (70)
[40] B.A. Henry, A.J. Tilbrook, F.R. Dunshea, A. Rao, D. Blache and G.B. Martin
et al., Long-term alternations in adiposity affect the expression of melanin-
concentrating hormone and enkephalin but not proopiomelanocortin in the
hypothalamus of ovariectomized ewes, Endocrinology 141 (2000), pp. 1506–
1514. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (43)
[41] B.A. Henry, J.W. Goding, W.S. Alexander, A.J. Tibrook, B.J. Canny and F.
Dunshea et al., Central administration of leptin to ovariectomized ewes inhibits
food intake without affecting the secretion of hormones from the pituitary gland:
evidence for a dissociation of effects on appetite and neuroendocrine function,
Endocrinology 140 (1999), pp. 1175–1182. Full Text via CrossRef | View
Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (139)
[42] MN Maciel, DA Zieba, M. Amstalden, DH Keisler, J. Neves y GL Williams,
leptina impide reducciones en ayunas mediada en la secreción pulsátil de la
hormona luteinizante y mejora su liberación de GnRH mediada en novillas
peripuberales, Biol Reprod 70 (2004), pp. 229-235. Ver registro en Scopus |
Citado por en Scopus (11)
[43] BA Henry, JW Goding, AJ Tilbrook, FR Dunshea y IJ Clarke, infusión
leptina Intracelebroventricular eleva la secreción de la hormona luteinizante sin
afectar a la ingesta de alimentos en ovejas restringida de alimentos a largo
plazo, pero aumenta la hormona del crecimiento, independientemente del peso
corporal, J Endocrinol 168 ( 2001), pp. 67-77. Texto completo a través de
CrossRef | Ver registro en Scopus | Citado por en Scopus (71)
[44] B.A. Henry, J.W. Goding, A.J. Tilbrook, F.R. Dunshea, D. Blache and I.J.
Clarke, Leptin-mediated effects on undernutrition or fasting on luteinizing
hormone and growth hormone secretion in ovarectomized ewes depend on the
duration of metabolic perturbation, J Neuroendocrinol 16 (2004), pp. 244–255.
Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (15)
[45] D.A. Zieba, M. Amstalden, S. Morton, M.N. Maciel, D.H. Keisler and G.L.
Williams, Regulatory roles of leptin at the hypothalamic–hypophyseal axis
before and after sexual maturation in cattle, Biol Reprod 71 (2004), pp. 804–
812. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (5)
[46] C.D. Morrison, R. Wood, E.L. McFadin, N.C. Whitley and D.H. Keisler,
Effect of intravenous infusion of recombinant ovine leptin on feed intake and
serum concentrations of GH, LH, insulin, IGF-I, cortisol, and thyroxine in
growing prepubertal ewe lambs, Domest Anim Endocrinol 22 (2002), pp. 103–
112. Article | PDF (131 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (21)
[47] M. Amstalden, P.G. Harms, T.H. Welsh Jr., R.D. Randel and G.L. Williams,
Effects of leptin on gonadotropin-releasing hormone release from hypothalamic-
infundibular explants and gonadotropin release from adenohypophyseal primary
cell cultures: further evidence that normally-nourished cattle are resistant to
leptin, Anim Reprod Sci 85 (2005) (1-2), pp. 41–52. Article | PDF (202 K) |
View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (7)
[48] P.L. Zamorano, V.B. Mahesh, L.M. DeSevilla, L.P. Chorich, G.K. Bhat and I.
Brann, Expression and localization of the leptin receptor in endocrine and
neuroendocrine tissues of the rat, Neuroendocrinology 65 (1997), pp. 223–228.
Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (192)
[49] J. Lin, C.R. Barb, R.L. Matteri, R.R. Kraeling, X. Chen and R.J.
Meinersmann et al., Long form leptin receptor mRNA expression in the brain,
pituitary, and other tissues of the pig, Domest Anim Endocrinol 19 (2000), pp.
53–61. Article | PDF (199 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus
(80)
[50] C.J. Dyer, J.M. Simmons, R.L. Matteri and D.H. Keisler, Leptin receptor
mRNA is expressed in ewe anterior pituitary and adipose tissues and is
differentially expressed in hypothalamic regions of well-fed and feed-restricted
ewes, Domest Anim Endocrinol 14 (1997), pp. 119–128. Article | PDF (707
K) | Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (135)
[51] J.G. Mercer, N. Hoggard, L.M. Williams, C.B. Lawrence, L.T. Hannah and P.
Trayhurn, Localization of leptin receptor mRNA and the long splice variant (Ob-
Rb) in mouse hypothalamus and adjacent brain region by in situ hybridization,
FEBS Lett 387 (1996), pp. 113–116. Abstract | PDF (423 K) | View Record in
Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (503)
[52] H. Fei, H.J. Okano, C. Li, G.H. Lee, C. Zhao and R. Darnell et al., Anatomic
localization of alternatively spliced leptin receptors (Ob-R) in mouse brain and
other tissues, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 (1997), pp. 7001–7005. Full Text via
CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (381)
[53] J.M. Friedman and J.L. Halaas, Leptin and the regulation body mass in
mammals, Nature 395 (1998), pp. 763–770. Full Text via CrossRef | View
Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (1884)
[54] P.D. Finn, M.J. Cunningham, K.Y.F. Pau, H.G. Spies, D.K. Clifton and R.A.
Steiner, The stimulatory effect of leptin on the neuroendocrine reproductive axis
on the monkey, Endocrinology 139 (1998), pp. 4652–4662. Full Text via
CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (155)
[55] H. Watanobe, Leptin directly acts within the hypothalamus to stimulate
gonadotropin-releasing hormone secretion in vivo in rats, J Physiol 545 (2002),
pp. 255–268. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in
Scopus (27)
[56] D.G. Baskin, R.J. Seeley, J.L. Kujiper, S. Lok, D.S. Weigle and J.C.
Erickson et al., Increased expression of mRNA for the long form of the leptin
receptor in the hypothalamus is associated with leptin hypersensivity and
fasting, Diabetes 47 (1998), pp. 538–543. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record
in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (98)
[57] D.G. Baskin, J.F. Breininger, S. Bonigut and M.A. Miller, Leptin binding in
the arcuate nucleus is increased during fasting, Brain Res 828 (1999), pp. 154–
158. Article | PDF (395 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (33)
[58] S.D. Sullivan, R.A. DeFazio and S.M. Moenter, Metabolic regulation of
fertility through presynaptic and postsynaptic signaling to gonadotropin-
releasing hormone neurons, J Nuerosci 23 (2003), pp. 8578–8585. View
Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (18)
[59] J.G. Mercer, N. Hoggard, L.M. Williams, C.B. Lawrence, L.T. Hannah and
P.T. Morgan et al., Coexpression of leptin receptor and preproneuropeptide Y
mRNA in arcuate nucleus of mouse hypothalamus, J Neuroendocrinol 8 (1996),
pp. 733–735. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in
Scopus (317)
[60] R.S. Ahima, C.B. Saper, J.S. Flier and J.K. Elmquist, Leptin regulation of
neuroendocrine systems, Front Neuroendocrinol 3 (2000), pp. 263–307.
Abstract | PDF (1976 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (293)
[61] S.P. Karla, M.G. Dube, S. Pu, B. Xu, T. Horvath and P.S. Karla, Interacting
appetite-regulating pathways in the hypothalamic regulation of body weight,
Endocr Rev 20 (1999), pp. 68–100.
[62] T. Sakurai, A. Amemiya, M. Ishii, I. Matsuzaki, R.M. Chemelli and H. Tanaka
et al., Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and
G protein-coupled receptors t hat feeding behavior, Cell 92 (1998), pp. 573–
585. Article | PDF (459 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus
(480)
[63] C.C. Cheung, D.K. Clifton and R.A. Steiner, Proopiomelanocortin neurons
are direct targets for leptin in the hypothalamus, Endocrinology 138 (1997), pp.
4492–4498.
[64] H. Watanobe, M. Yoneda, Y. Kakizaki, A. Kohsaka, T. Suda and H.B. Shioti,
Further evidence for a significant participation of the melanocortin 4 receptor in
the preovulatory prolactin surge in the rat, Brain Res Bull 54 (2001), pp. 521–
525. Article | PDF (147 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (7)
[65] A.S. Chen, D.J. Marsh, M.E. Trumbauer, E.G. Frazier, X.M. Guan and H. Yu
et al., Inactivation of the mouse melanocortin-3 receptor results in increased fat
mass and reduced body lean body mass, Nat Genet 26 (2000), pp. 97–102.
View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (364)
[66] D. Huszar, C.A. Lynch, V. Fairchild-Huntress, J.H. Dunmore, Q. Fang and
L.R. Berkemeier et al., Targeted disruption of the melanocortin-4 receptor
results in obesity in mice, Cell 88 (1997), pp. 131–141. Article | PDF (937 K)
| View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (1269)
[67] A. Seth, S. Stanley, P. Jethwa, J. Gardiner, M. Ghatei and S. Bloom,
Galanin-like peptide stimulates the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone
in vitro and may mediate the effect of leptin on the hypothalamo-pituitary-
gonadal axis, Endocrinology 145 (2004) (2), pp. 743–750. View Record in
Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (19)
[68] C.B. Lawrence, S.M. Baudoin and S.M. Luckman, Centrally administered
galanin-like peptide modified food intake in the rat: a comparison with galvanic,
J Neuroendocrinol 14 (2002), pp. 853–860. Full Text via CrossRef | View
Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (53)
[69] S.M. Krasnow, G.S. Fraley, S.M. Schuh, J.W. Baumgartner, D.K. Clifton
and R.A. Steiner, A role for galanin-like peptide in the integration of feeding,
body weight regulation, and reproduction in the mouse, Endocrinology 144
(2003), pp. 813–822. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By
in Scopus (55)
[70] J. Iqbal, S. Pompolo, R.V. Considine and I.J. Clarke, Localization of leptin
receptor-like immunoreactivity in the corticotropes, somatotropes, and
gonadotropes in the ovine anterior pituitary, Endocrinology 141 (2000), pp.
1515–1520. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in
Scopus (70)
[71] L. Jin, I. Tsumanuma, K.H. Ruebel, J.M. Bayliss and R.V. Llyod, Analysis of
homogeneous populations of anterior pituitary folliculostellate cells by laser
capture microdissection and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,
Endocrinology 142 (2001), pp. 1703–1709. Full Text via CrossRef
[72] C.R. Barb, J.B. Barrett and R.R. Kraeling, Role of leptin in modulating the
hypothalamic–pituitary axis and luteinizing hormone secretion in the prepuberal
gilt, Domest Anim Endocrinol 26 (2004) (3), pp. 211–214.
[73] C.A. McArdle, J. Franklin, L. Green and J.N. Hislop, Signaling, cycling and
desensitization of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptors, J Endocrinol
173 (2002), pp. 1–11. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited
By in Scopus (64)
[74] K. Takekoshi, K. Ishii, Y. Kawakami, K. Isobe, T. Nanmoku and T. Nakai,
Ca2+ mobilization, tyrosine hydroxylase activity and signaling mechanisms in
cultured porcine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells: effects of leptin,
Endocrinology 142 (2001), pp. 290–298. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record
in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (24)
[75] R. Zorec, Calcium signaling and secretion in pituitary cells, Trends
Endocrinol Metab 7 (1996), pp. 384–388. Article | PDF (611 K) | View
Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (18)
[76]Amstalden M, Spencer TE, Harms PG, Keisler DH, Williams GL. La
expresión de receptor de la leptina y supresor de la señalización-3 en
adenohyphysis de vacas normales alimentación y de ayuno, 37ª sesión SSR,
Vancouver, CA. citoquina Reprod Biol 2004; 107: 61 [resumen].
[77] FF Chehab, K. Mounzih, L. Ronghua y ME Lim, inicio temprano de la
función reproductiva en ratones hembra normales tratados con leptina, Ciencia
275 (1997), pp. 88-90. Texto completo a través de CrossRef | Ver registro en
Scopus | Citado por en Scopus (526)
[78] RS Ahima, J. Dushay, SN Flier, D. Prabakaran y JS Flier, leptina acelera el
inicio de la pubertad en ratones hembra normales, J Clin Invest 99 (1997), pp.
391-395. Texto completo a través de CrossRef | Ver registro en Scopus |
Citado por en Scopus (405)
[79] N.M. Grauz-Gumowski, M. Lalaoui, D.D. Pierroz, P. Englaro, P.C. Sizoneko
and W.F. Blum et al., Chronic administration of leptin into the lateral ventricle
induced sexual maturation in severely food-restricted female rats, J
Neuroendocrinol 10 (1998), pp. 627–633.
[80] C.C. Cheung, J.E. Thornton, J.L. Kuijper, D.S. Weigle, D.K. Clifton and R.A.
Steiner, Leptin as a metabolic gate for the onset of puberty in the female rat,
Endocrinology 138 (1997), pp. 855–858. Full Text via CrossRef
[81] Grauz NM, Laluoi M, Perroz DD, Raposinho PD, Blum WF, Aubert ML.
Failure of leptin administration to advance sexual maturation in the female rat.
In: Proceedings of the 80th Meeting of the Endo Soc. New Orleans, Louisiana;
1998.
[82] B. Almog, R. Gold, K. Tajima, A. Dantes, K. Salim and M. Rubistein et al.,
Leptin attenuates follicular apoptosis and accelerates the onset of puberty in
immature rats, Mol Cell Endocrinol 182 (2001), pp. 179–191. Article | PDF
(1358 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (44)
[83] C.C. Cheung, J.E. Thornton, S.D. Nurani, D.K. Clifton and R.A. Steiner, A
reassessment of leptin's role in triggering the onset of puberty in the rat and
mouse, Neuroendocrinology 74 (2001), pp. 12–21. Full Text via CrossRef |
View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (61)
[84] M.R. Garcia, M. Amstalden, S.W. Williams, C.D. Johnson, S.E. Nizielski
and D.H. Keisler et al., Leptin and pubertal development in heifers: relationship
of ob gene expression to circulating leptin as measured by heterologous
radioimmunoassay, Biol Reprod 60 (1999) (Suppl. 1), p. 253.
[85] N.D. Quinton, R.F. Smith, P.E. Clayton, M.S. Gill, S. Shalet and S.K. Justice
et al., Leptin binding activity changes with age: the link between leptin ad
puberty, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 84 (1999), pp. 2336–2341. Full Text via
CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (54)
[86] M.N. Maciel, D.A. Zieba, M. Amstalden, D.H. Keisler, J. Neves and G.L.
Williams, Chronic administration of recombinant ovine leptin in growing beef
heifers: effects on secretion of LH, metabolic hormones, and timing of puberty, J
Anim Sci 82 (2004), pp. 2930–2936. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in
Scopus (9)
[87] Jackson LM, Ichimaru T, Jaffe CA, Foster DL. Effects of leptin on LH
secretion during developmental and nutritional hypogonadotropism. In:
Proceedings of the 84th Meeting of the Endo Soc. San Francisco; 2002
[abstract OR 45-1].
[88] M.R. Garcia, M. Amstalden, C.D. Morrison, D.H. Keisler and G.L. Williams,
Age at puberty, total fat and conjugated linoleic acid content of carcass, and
circulating metabolic hormones in beef heifers fed a diet high in linoleic acid
beginning at four months of age, Anim Sci 81 (2003), pp. 261–268. View Record
in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (15)
[89] G.L. Williams, Nutritional factors and reproduction, Encyclopedia of
reproduction vol. 3, Academic Press (1999), pp. 412–422.
[90] L.J. Spicer and C.C. Francisko, The adipose obese gene product, leptin:
evidence of a direct inhibitory role in ovarian function, Endocrinology 138
(1997), pp. 3374–3379. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited
By in Scopus (188)
[91] L.J. Spicer and C.C. Francisko, Adipose obese gene product, leptin, inhibits
bovine ovarian thecal cells steroidogenesis, Biol Reprod 58 (1998), pp. 207–
212. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (102)
[92] J.A. Cioffi, A.W. Shafer, T.A. Zupancic, J. Smith-Gbur, A. Mikhail and D.
Platica et al., Novel B219/OB receptor isoforms:possible role of leptin in
hematopoiesis and reproduction, Nat Med 2 (1996), pp. 285–289.
[93] J.A. Cioffi, J. Van Blercom, M. Antczak, A. Shafer, S. Wittmer and H.R.
Snodgrass, The expression of leptin and its receptors in pre-ovulatory human
follicles, Mol Hum Reprod 3 (1997), pp. 467–472. Full Text via CrossRef | View
Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (166)
[94] C. Karlsson, K. Lindell, E. Svensson, C. Bergh, P. Lind and H. Bilig et al.,
Expression of functional leptin receptors in the human ovary, J Clin Endocrinol
Metab 82 (1997), pp. 4144–4148. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in
Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (205)
[95] J. Licinio, A.B. Negrao, C. Mantzoros, V. Kaklamani, M.L. Wong and P.B.
Bongiorno et al., Sex differences in circulating human leptin pulse amplitude:
clinical implications, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83 (1998), pp. 4140–4147. Full
Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (101)
[96] M.F. Saad, M.G. Riad-Gabriel, A. Khan, A. Sharma, R. Michale and S.D.
Jinagouda et al., Diurnal and ultradian rhythmicity of plasma leptin: effects of
gender and adiposity, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83 (1998), pp. 453–459. Full
Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (132)
[97] R.J. Zachow and D.A. Magoffin, Direct intraovarian effects of leptin:
impairment of the synergistic action of insulin-like growth factor-I on follicle-
stimulating hormone-dependent estradiol-17β production by rat ovarian
granulosa cells, Endocrinology 138 (1997), pp. 847–850. Full Text via CrossRef
| View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (200)
[98] S.K. Agarwal, K. Vogel and D.A. Magoffin, Leptin antagonizes IGF-I
augmentation of FSH-stimulated oestradiol production in human granulosa
cells, J Endocrinol Metab 84 (1999), pp. 1072–1076. Full Text via CrossRef |
View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (124)
[99] P.S. Duggal, K.M. Van Der Hoek, C.R. Milner, N.K. Ryan, D.T. Armstrong
and A. Magoffin et al., The in vivo and in vitro effects of exogenous leptin on
ovulation in the rat, Endocrinology 141 (2000), pp. 1971–1976. Full Text via
CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (66)
[100] K. Kawamura, N. Sato, J. Fukuda, H. Kodama, J. Kumagai and H.
Tanikawa et al., Leptin promotes the development of mouse preinplantation
embryos in vitro, Endocrinology 145 (2002), pp. 1922–1931. Full Text via
CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (51)
[101] T. Matsuoka, M. Tahara, T. Yokoi, N. Masumoto, T. Takeda and M.
Yamaguchi et al., Tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT3 by leptin through leptin
receptor in mouse metaphase 2 stage oocyte, Biochem Biophys Res Commun
256 (1999), pp. 480–484. Abstract | PDF (126 K) | View Record in Scopus |
Cited By in Scopus (46)
[102] N.K. Ryan, C.M. Woodhouse, K.H. Van Der Hoek, R.B. Gilchrist, D.T.
Armstrong and R.J. Norman, Expression of leptin and its receptor in the murine
ovary: possible role in the regulation of oocyte maturation, Biol Reprod 66
(2002), pp. 1548–1554. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited
By in Scopus (40)
[103] J.E. Swain, C.L. Bormann and R.L. Krisher, Effects of leptin on porcine
oocyte maturation and embryo in vitro, Biol Reprod 64 (2001) (Suppl. 1), p. 212.
[104] M. Caprio, A.M. Isidori, A.R. Carta, C. Moretti, M.L. Dufau and A. Fabbri,
Expression of functional leptin receptors in rodents Leydig cells, Endocrinology
140 (2002), pp. 4939–4947.
[105] M. Tena-Semper, P.R. Manna, F.-P. Zhang, L. Pinilla, L.C. Gonzalez and
C. Diegez et al., Molecular mechanism of leptin action in adult rat testis:
potential targets for leptin-induced inhibition of steroidogenesis and pattern of
leptin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid expression, J Endocrinol 170 (2001),
pp. 413–423.
[106] D.A. Schreihofer, J.A. Amico and J.L. Cameron, Reversal of fasting-
induced suppression of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion in male rhesus
monkeys by intragastric nutrient infusion: evidence for rapid stimulation of LH by
nutritional signals, Endocrinology 132 (1993), pp. 1890–1897. Full Text via
CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (31)
[107] D.L. Foster, F.J. Ebling, A.F. Micka, L.A. Vannerson, D.C. Bucholtz and
R.I. Wood et al., Metabolic interfaces between growth and reproduction. I.
Nutritional modulation of gonadotropin, prolactin, and growth hormone secretion
in the growth-limited female lamb, Endocrinology 125 (1989), pp. 342–350.
View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (77)
[108] R.S. Ahima and S.Y. Osei, Molecular regulation of eating behavior: new
insights and prospects or therapeutic strategies, Trends Mol Med 7 (2001) (5),
pp. 205–213. Article | PDF (437 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in
Scopus (48)
[109] J.E. Schneider, D. Zhou and R.M. Blum, Leptin and metabolic control of
reproduction, Horm Behav 37 (2000) (4), pp. 6–326.
[110] C.R. Barb, X. Yan, M.J. Azain, R.R. Kraeling, G.B. Rampacek and G.
Ramsay, Recombinant porcine leptin reduces feed intake and stimulates growth
hormone secretion in swine, Domest Anim Endocrinol 15 (1998), pp. 77–86.
Abstract | PDF (555 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (131)
[111] J. Lin, R. Barb, R. Kraeling and G.B. Rampacek, Growth hormone
releasing factor decreases long form leptin receptor expression in porcine
anterior pituitary cells, Domest Anim Endocrinol 24 (2001), pp. 95–101.
[112] M.G. Thomas, O.S. Gazal, G.L. Williams, R.L. Stanko and D.H. Keisler,
Injection of neuropeptide Y into the third cerebroventricle differentially influences
pituitary secretion of luteinizing hormone and growth hormone in ovariectomized
cows, Domest Anim Endocrinol 16 (1999), pp. 159–169. Article | PDF (220
K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (18)
[113] C.D. Morrison, J.A. Daniel, J.H. Hampton, P.R. Buff, T.M. McShane and
M.G. Thomas et al., Luteinizing hormone and growth hormone secretion in
ewes infused intracerebroventricularly with neuropeptide Y, Domest Anim
Enodcrinol 24 (2003), pp. 69–80. Article | PDF (153 K) | View Record in
Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (9)
[114] M.R. Garcia, M. Amstalden, D.H. Keisler, N. Raver, A. Gertler and G.L.
Williams, Leptin attenuates the acute effects of centrally administered
neuropeptide Y on somatotropin but not gonadotropin secretion in
ovariectomized cows, Domest Anim Endocrinol 26 (2004), pp. 189–200. Article
| PDF (145 K) | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (2)
[115] D.A. Zieba, M. Amstalden, S. Morton, J.L. Gallino, J.F. Edwards and P.G.
Harms et al., Effects of leptin on basal and GHRH-stimulated GH secretion from
the bovine adenohypophysis are dependent upon nutritional status, J
Endocrinol 178 (2003), pp. 83–89. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in
Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (15)
[116] L.J. Spicer, M.A. Crowe, D.J. Prendiville, D. Goulding and W.J. Enright,
Systemic but not intraovarian concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I are
affected by short-term fasting, Biol Reprod 46 (1992) (5), pp. 920–925. Full
Text via CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (35)
[117] V. Emilsson, Y.-L. Liu, M.A. Cawthorne, N.M. Morton and M. Davenport,
Expression of the functional leptin receptor mRNA in pancreatic islets and direct
inhibitory action of leptin on insulin secretion, Diabetes 46 (1997), pp. 313–316.
View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (355)
[118] V. Leclecq-Meyer and W.J. Malaisse, Failure of leptin to counteract the
effects of glucose on insulin and glucagon release by the perifused rat
pancreas, Med Sci Res 25 (1997), pp. 257–259.
[119] V. Poitout, C. Ronault, M. Guerre-Millo, I. Briaud and G. Reach, Inhibition
of insulin secretion by leptin in normal rodents islets of Langerhans,
Endocrinology 139 (1998), pp. 822–826. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record
in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (71)
[120] Y. Tanizawa, S. Okuya, I. Hisamitsu, T. Asano, T. Yada and Y. Oka, Direct
stimulation of basal insulin secretion by physiological concentrations of leptin in
pancreatic β cells, Endocrinology 138 (1997), pp. 4513–4518.
[121] N.M. Morton, V. Emilsson, R.P. de Groot, A.L. Pallett and M.A. Cawthorne,
Leptin signaling in pancreatic islets and clonal insulin-secreting cells, J Mol
Endocrinol 22 (1999), pp. 173–184. Full Text via CrossRef | View Record in
Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (29)
[122] T.J. Kieffer, R.S. Heller, C.A. Leech, G.G. Holz and J.F. Habener, Leptin
suppression of insulin secretion by the activation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels
in pancreatic β-cells, Diabetes 46 (1997), pp. 1087–1093. View Record in
Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (232)
[123] A.L. Pallet, N.M. Morton, M.A. Cawthorne and V. Emilsson, Leptin inhibits
insulin secretion and reduces insulin mRNA levels in rat isolated pancreatic
islets, Biochem Biophys Res Commun 238 (1997), pp. 267–270.
[124] K. El-Haschimi and H. Lehnert, Leptin resistance—or why leptin fails to
work in obesity, Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 111 (2003), pp. 2–7. Full Text via
CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (20)
[125] K. El-Haschimi, D.D. Pierroz, S.M. Hileman, C. Bjobaek and J.S. Flier,
Two defects contribute to hypothalamic leptin resistance in mice with diet-
induced obesity, J Clin Invest 105 (2000), pp. 1827–1832. Full Text via
CrossRef | View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (259)
[126] D. Pomp, T. Zou, A.C. Clutter and W. Barendse, Rapid communication:
mapping of leptin to bovine chromosome 4 by linkage analysis of a PCR-based
polymorphism, J Anim Sci 75 (1997), p. 1427. View Record in Scopus | Cited By
in Scopus (43)
[127] C.C. Rasor, M.G. Thomas, R.M. Enns, H.C. Salazar, H.M. Zhang and G.L.
Williams et al., Allelic and genotypic frequencies of the leptin gene Sau3AI
restriction fragment length polymorphism and evaluation of its association to
age of puberty in cattle in the southwestern United States and Northern Mexico,
Prof Anim Sci J 18 (2002), pp. 141–146.
[128] S.C. Liefers, M.F.W. te Pas, R.F. Veerkamp and T. van der Lende,
Association between leptin polymorphisms and production, live weight, energy
balance, feed intake, and fertility in Holstein heifers, J Dairy Sci 85 (2002), pp.
1633–1638. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (35)
[129] F.C. Buchanan, A.G. Van Kessel, C. Waldner, D.A. Christensen, B.
Laarveld and M. Schmutz, Hot topics: an association between leptin single
nucleotide polymorphism and milk and protein yield, J Dairy Sci 86 (2003), pp.
3164–3166. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (22)
[130] F.C. Buchanan, C.J. Fitzsimmons, A.G. Van Kessel, T.D. Thue, D.C.
Wilkeman-Sim and S.M. Schmutz, Association of a missense mutation in the
bovine leptin gene with carcass fat content and leptin mRNA levels, Genet Sel
Evol 34 (2002), pp. 105–116. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (59)
[131] T.W. Geary, E.L. McFadin, M.D. MacNeil, E.E. Grings, R.E. Short and R.N.
Funston et al., Leptin as a predictor of carcass composition in beef cattle, J
Anim Sci 81 (2003), pp. 1–8. View Record in Scopus | Cited By in Scopus (26)
Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 361 358 6390; fax: +1 361 358 4930.1 Present
address: Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of
Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA.