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Po=population at present
n=Number of decades.
Y=incremental increase]
Pn=p0(1+r/100)n
2.r=r1+r2+r3+………+rn/n
3.r=(r1×r2×r3×…….rn)1/n
Water Demand
Domestic:- 200 Lpcd⇒High Income Group
Industrial: 50 Lpcd
Office:- 45 Lpcd
Restaurants:- 70Lpcd
Commercial :- 20 Lpcd
Public :- 10 Lpcd
Q=4637√p(1-0.01√P)Lit/min
If Population>200,000 .
Q=54600 Lit/min
Buston’s Formula:-Q=5663√p
Industrial : 50
Commercial: 20
Water theaft:- 54
Fire:- 1
365×population
1.8×Lpcd
24
=2.7×Lpcd/24
Design Periods
Quality of Water
*Suspended solid is only Seen in Surface Water but not in ground Water.
II.Turbidity :-Turbidity is a measurement of resistance of water to the passage of light through it.
Method of Measurement
1. Turbidity Rod
2. Jackson’s turbidity Meter
3. Baylis turbidity meter
4. Nephelometer
Feo2/Fe2o3 Red
1 mg of Platinum in the form of choloro platinum ions in one Liter of Distilled water.
Limiting/Permissible Value
2. Colour⇒ 5 TCU
20 ppm in platinum cobalt Scale
4. Temperature ⇒ 10°-25°
pH
pH= - log10[1/H+]
= log10[1/H+]
H+ = hydrogen in moles/Liter.
Hardness
Hardness is called which prevent lathering of soap.
Cause of Hardness:-
Co3--
So42-
Cl22-
Carbonate Hardness (Hco3- ,co32-) is also called temporary hardness. As it can be removed by simply boiling.
Non Carbonate Hardness (so42-,cl-)called permanent hardness .As it cannot be removed by simple method.
Determination Of Hardness :-
Sougata Sir’s Coaching For PSC/SSC/KMC www.allmniedu.in 8420938975 Page 7
i. Shop test Method
ii. EDSTA method(Ethylene diamine tetra acetic Acid)
iii. Hardness in measured /expressed gm-equivalent of caco3.
Cl2
Residual cl2is the free cl2 remaining in water after about 5-3 mins of contact between the water and cl2 dose.
i. Starch-iodide method
ii. Orthotolidine method
iii. Orthotolidine-Arsenite Method(OTA)
Limiting Value
Dissolved o2 → 5 to 6 ppm
BOD → 0
Contaminated Water:-
Example:-
A waste water sample contains 10-5.6millimole /Lit of (OH-) .What is the pH value of the water?
=10-5.6×10-3mole/Lit
= 10-9.6 mole/Lit
PH=log10[1/H+] =log10[105.4]
=5.4
A. Hard B. Soft
C. Acidic D. Pune
A. 10 - 50 ppm B. 50 - 65 ppm
The chloride content in the water for public supplies should not exceed
C. 50 mg/litre D. 20 mg/litre
E. 1 mg/litre
E. 1 mg/litre
The presence of which of the following material in water is not considered to be dangerous?
A. Lead B. Copper
C. Mercury D. Calcium
E. Zinc
A. Rivers B. Lakes
C. Wells D. Reservoirs
Which of the following industry will usually have the highest concumption of water for processing?
Aluminium industry
E.
E. Lime process
The odour of water is expressed in terms of threshold number. The maximum threshold number permitted for public supplies is
A. 10 B. 5
C. 3 D. 2
E. 1
A. Viruses B. Worms
C. Protozoa D. Fungi
E. Fluorides in water
The cycle of life, death and decay involving organic nitrogeneous matter is called
Zeolite is
E. Hydrated alumino-silicate
Water having pH value 4 will be more acidic than Maximum acidity of water is indicated by pH value of
C. D.
water having pH value of 6 zero
A. 1 B. Between 3 and 5
A. 10 mg/litre B. 25 mg/litre
E. 400 mg/litre
Alum increases
Bleaching power is
Hypo-chlorite of lime
E.
The process used for the removal of dissolved carbondioxide from the water, is known as
A. Coagulation B. Agitation
C. Aeration D. Sedimentation
E. Zeolitc
E. 5 mg/litre
The bad smell due to decomposition of sewage, on account of the action of bacteria, is mainly due to the presence of
A. Arsenic B. Lead
C. Sodium D. Cyanide
E. Mercury