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RESEARCH METHOD
In this chapter, the writer presents the procedures and research steps to solve
the research problem. It is divided into six subchapters which are: identification of
variables, approach and technique of the study, place and time of the research,
population and sample of the study, instrument and technique of collecting data,
meaning of variable itself. Vanderstoep and Johnston (2009: 107) said that there
are two variables in this experimental activity. They are independent variable and
that will be influenced by another variable. In this study, the dependent variable is
b) Providing a major role for the literature through suggesting the research
questions to be asked and justifying the research problem and creating a need for
study.
d) Collecting numeric data from a large number of people using instruments with
analysis, and interpreting results by comparing them with prior predictions and
past research.
f) Writing the research report using standard, fixed structures and evaluation
using statistical analysis in order to analyze the data, and accurately reflects
the population. With a large sample, the writer can be fairly confident that her
In quantitative research there are four kinds of techniques, they are: surveys,
explained that there are two kinds of experimental research. They are Pre
independent variable. The observed and measured variable is called the dependent
variables and may look for relationships among them but does not manipulate the
study. It includes simply design because only measures the post-test results and
does not use a control group. Thus, only once treatment but having the influence.
To make the data suitable with the variable of the study, choosing the place is
important in a study. This study was conducted from SMAN 7 KEDIRI of the
The writer arranged the time to make the research effective and right on target.
This study was conducted on December 2017 until May 2018. The detail
Table 3.1
Activities Months
2. Construction Instruments √ √ √
1. Research Population
The larger group about which the generalization is made is called a population.
According to Ary (2010: 148) a population is defined as all members of any well-
defined class of people, events, or objects. The population of this study was all the
2. Research Sample
population. Ary (2010, 149) mentions two major types of sampling procedures are
chosen by chance procedures. For this time, the writer used non probability. The
sampling, and quota sampling. The writer used purposive sampling technique.
Ary (2010: 156) said that sample elements judged to be typical, or representative,
are chosen from the population. As a sample, the writer used 35 students to carry
out the research and observe of the second grade students at SMAN 7 Kediri.
1. The Instrument
systematic and facilitated by it.” It can be said that the instrument of research is a
process undertaken to reveal the various phenomena that occur in society by using
various ways and methods for this process runs systematis and more justifiable
After the treatment, the writer administered a post-test to the students to see
students growing score. The instrument of this test was like in a pre-test but it was
given after treatment. Further, to facilitate the students to write a descriptive text,
comprehension test was used for a pre-test and a post test. It was a multiple choice
test consisting of 50 items. The test materials were adapted from some textbooks.
a. The data collected by using inferential statistic. Percentage score is also used to
know the students ability in reading comprehension. The steps under taken in
The mean score of the students was classified into four levels as follows:
(Heaton, J. B: 1984)
The some assessments criteria was used to classified the student’s scores as
follows:
The students who can arrange the text correctly andtell the story details
b. Good to average
The students who can arrange the text correctly butless detail in tells the story
c. Fair to poor
The samples are classified in this level are the students who arrange the reading
material incorrectly and tell a little about the story on the text.
d. Very poor
The students who cannot arrange the reading material based on the
correct form and can’t tell the story of reading material were classified
c. To know the means score of all students, the research used formula:
following formula:
2. To know the significant difference between the score of the pre-test and post-
test, the writer calculated the value of the test by using the following formula: