INDEX
A homogenous labor markets, 95
Adjusted Net Savings (ANS), 48
Algebraic structure
commodity structure, 101
gaseous pollutants, 102
general equilibrium, 105
income generation, 105
labor markets, 105
production technology, 102
regional commodity markets, 101
B D
Brundtland Commission, 93
Brundtland report, 43
Business-as-usual (BAU), 75, 117
climate equity reference project, 118
inception of, 117
C technological capacities, 31
Calibration methodology, 107
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
distribution of, 103, 104
industrial processes, 103
primary energy combustion, 103
secondary energy combustion, 103
Carbon taxation, 82
Carbon trading systems, 81
control mechanisms, 81
Cobb-Douglas production, 102
Computable general equilibrium (CGE), 10
3E Nexus, 99
algebraic structure
commodity structure, 101
gaseous pollutants, 102
general equilibrium, 105
income generation, 105
labor markets, 105
production technology, 102
regional commodity markets, 101
calibration methodology, 107
data sources, 107
dual-dual structure, 96
dualistic structures, 97
 
 
Keynesian tradition, 97
modern sector dualism, 95
Constant elasticity of substitution
(CES), 101
coal, 102
electricity, 102
formal labor types, 102
informal labor types, 102
PG, 102
Data sources, 107
Deindustrialization, 31
economic dynamism, 31
low income developing economies, 32
middle-income developing
economies, 32
Dual-dual economy
high-technology capital-intensive
techniques, 4
informal urban sector, 4
traditional labor-intensive
technologies, 4
urban modern industrial and service
sectors, 4
Dual-economy model, 41
modern sector, 41
modern sector dualism, 41
traditional sector, 41
Dual labor market, 96
E
Ecological Footprint, 48
Emission trading systems (ETS), 78
carbon taxation, 82
comprehensive crediting mechanism, 83
energy efficiency trading, 83
linkages, 86
market entry and trading, 86
offset design, 85
provisional flexibility, 85
141
142 Index

Emission trading systems (ETS) (cont.) cross-sectoral issue, 56

quota level and allocation, 85 energy-production technologies, 130
renewable energy trading, 83 G20 countries, 56
result-oriented financing, 83 gas, 72
sanctions, 86 oil, 72
scope, 85 socioeconomic and environmental
Energy Market Regulatory Authority impacts, 127
(EMRA), 66
Energy system G
bottom-up approach, 98 Gains, 50
top-down approach, 98 GHG. See Greenhouse gas (GHG)
Engel’s Law, 30 emissions
Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC), 46 Global economy
notion of, 48 architecture, 58
per capita income, 49 climate change, 13, 51
Environmental policy concomitant erosion, 19
agriculture, 77 cumulative causation, 28
buildings, 76 development serves, 13
energy, 76 duality, 39
ETS, 78 dual structure, 40
forestry, 77 economic growth, 51
industry, 76 GDP, 19, 20
MBMs, 78 industrialization, 28
transport, 76 investment expenditures, 14, 17
in Turkey macroeconomics
emission statistics, 69 resource use, 43
emissions trading systems, 80 sustainability, 43
energy-related policies, 72 OECD, 25
energy statistics, 65 patterns, 14
fossil fuel subsidies, 72 per capita income growth rates, 14, 15
market readiness project, 82 post-World War II, 32
post-Paris agreement, 86 premature deindustrialization, 37
renewable energy policy, 73 in productivity, 24
urban transformation, 76 stagnant, 15
waste, 77 structural change, 28
Epilogue, 138 structural transformation, 13
stylized facts, 24
F types, 13
Financial corporation, profit rate, 21, 22 vicious circle, 27
Financialization, 19 Golden era, 14
accumulation patterns, 21 Green development pathway (GDP), 19, 20
post-1980, 21 BAU, 117
Foreign direct investments (FDI), 50 epilogue, 138
Fossil fuel subsidies (FFS), 55, 127 evolution of, 133
CGE framework, 128 fossil fuel subsidies, removal of, 127
coal, 72 improving energy efficiency, 133
coal subsidies, 128 industrial convergence, 32, 33
cost of climate change, 57 renewables investing, 131
 Index 143

sharp decrease, 34 Market-based mechanisms (MBMs), 78

structural transformation, 34, 35 emission trading, 91
taxing carbon, 130 quota allocation-based carbon trading
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, 1, 26, 122 systems, 90
agricultural processes, 99 taxation, 90
CO2, 52 Migration, 99
Communiqué on monitoring and Ministry of Environment and Urbanization
reporting, 81 (MEU), 80
Communiqué on verification of, 81 PMR, 82
distribution of, 53 SWOT analyses, 81
FFS, 55 Modern sector dualism, 2, 95
fossil fuels, 99 Monitoring, reporting, and verification
household consumption and waste, 99 (MRV), 78
industrial processes, 55, 99
land-use change and forestry, 53, 54 N
substantial and sustained reduction, 58 3E Nexus, 99
Green jobs, 131 New normal, 15
Green New Deal, 52 Nonfinancial corporations, profit rate,
21, 22
H
Household labor force surveys (HLFS), 105 O
OECD, 25
I historical observations, 26
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC), 52 P
International Labor Organization (ILO), 18 Parametrization, gaseous pollutants, 111
Partnership for Market Readiness (PMR), 82
J market price reserve system, 85
Juncture, 21 price corridor, 85
supply-side measures, 85
K Political ecology, 45
Kaldor’s framework, 28 Polluter-pays principle, 5, 137
Kaldor’s growth laws, 28 Precautionary principle, 43
faster economic growth, 29 Premature deindustrialization, 32
structural transformation, 29 Public sector borrowing requirement
Kyoto Protocol, 58, 74, 78 (PSBR), 122

L R
Labor markets Regional social accounting database
calibration, 111 construction of, 107
parameters, 111, 113 I/O table, 107, 108
Levelized cost of energy (LCOE), 131 Renewable energy resource (RES), 73
electricity generated, 74
M EMRA, 73
Macroeconometric models, 97 environmental policy, 74
Macroeconomics feed-in tariffs, 74
characteristics, 1 implementation of, 58
key contribution, 1 potentials, 57
144 Index

Renewable energy sources (RNW), 131 Traditional dualism, 2

BNEF data, 132 Turkey
conversion ratios, 132 coal-fired power generation, 10
RES. See Renewable energy resource (RES) coal mining, 10
emission statistics, 69
S emissions trading systems, 80
Social accounting matrix (SAM), 100 energy-related policies, 72
algebraic equations, 101 energy statistics, 65
high income region, 107 environmental policy
low income region, 107 instruments, 6
microlevel I/O data, 110 fossil fuel subsidies, 72
Solar power, 74 green economy concept, 6
Sub-Saharan African economies, 14 market readiness project, 82
Supply-side economics, 20 middle-high income, 5
Sustainability, 43 modeling paradigm, 7
economic growth, 45 post-Paris agenda, 86
strong, 43 renewable energy policy, 73
weak, 43
V
T Value-added tax, 129
Total factor productivity (TFP), 24, 102, 118
comparison of, 25 W
high-income region, 118 Walrasian equilibrium, 93