Documenti di Didattica
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1 Before we start
Letters of English Alphabet
Greeting
Manners
Time
Numerals
Days of the week
Months of the year
Punctuation Marks
2 Basics of English
Sentences and their types
Parts of Sentence
Use of “This,That,Those,These”
Lesson – 1
2
Before we start
Before we start concept chapters, we would like to let you know about a few basics of
English language.
Our first question to you is “How many alphabets are there in English?” Most of you would answer
“26”. Not really! The correct answer is 1. Why so???? You must wonder!! Alphabet is just a name
given to the group of all the Letters in a language; comprising vowels & consonants.
Upper Case (Capital Letters)
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N
O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Lower Case (Small Letters)
a b c d e f g h I j k l m n
o p q r s t u v w x y z
Vowels : There are 5 vowels. a, e, i, o, u
Consonants : Rest 21 are consonants. b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.
Do you know?
Eg.“Mojib is a good guy. He is my best friend. I love him a lot.”
There are 3 sentences in above paragraph –
1) Mojib is a good guy. 2) He is my best friend. 3) I love him a lot.
There are 15 words and 43 letters.
Mojib is a good guy
He is my best friend
3
GREETINGS
Choosing words while Greeting someone depends on the age, relation and position of the person
whom you need to greet at time.
MORNING TO 12 NOON GOOD MORNING
BYE / TAKE CARE/ SEE YOU/HAVE A NICE
DAY
12 :00 – 5:00 PM GOOD AFTERNOON
BYE/TAKE CARE/SEE YOU HAVE A NICE
DAY
5:00 – NIGHT GOOD EVENING
GOOD NIGHT / TAKE CARE/ SEE YOU
Basically, if you need to be formal with someone whom you greet, you can use Good
Morning / Good Afternoon / Good Evening, however in informal/casual meet, you can
certainly use “Hi”, “Hello” etc.
MANNERS
To show your good manners, keep in mind –
If you are asking someone for something, use “Please”, “Kindly” sort of words.
If your were given something or given importance , always say “Thanks”.
( “Thank you” is more formal than “Thanks”.)
If someone thanks you for something, you can say: “Welcome”, “Mention not”, “My pleasure”, “It‟s
ok”, “It‟s alright” etc.
While talking over the phone, if you couldn‟t hear something, you can say – “I beg your pardon” or “I
am sorry” or “I didn‟t get it” or “Excuse me” or you may politely say “Will you please repeat, I didn‟t
get you” etc.
While giving a way/path to a lady, someone older/elder or elderly person, politely say “After you”. It
simply implies that you respect that person and gives him/her more importance than yourself.
If someone asks you “How are you?”; it‟s pretty common, you say “I am fine.” But it‟s better to ask
him/her as well about how he/she is. You can rather say “I am fine. What about you?” or “Great.
You tell?” or “Fine and you?” etc.
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If you wish to cut someone short or interrupt, say politely – “Sorry to interrupt you” or “Sorry to
intervene” and then proceed
When you behave civilized & cultured, you are given respect in society. Just a mere use ofsuch words
or phrases is not enough, you need to be polite and humble in your speaking as well.
It doesn‟t end here, rather newer ideas will emerge with time when you delve more into this foreign
language.
TIME
अब समझझिए –
MINUTE+PAST+HOURS
अगर आपकको कहनना हहै “ पनापांच बजकर दस ममनट “ हहए हहै | सकोचचए ममनट ककतनजे हहए हहै – 10 और घपांटजे ककतनजे हहए हहै – 5 तको फलॉमल
हर्मु जे कजे
अनहसनार आप कहह गजे – 10 past 5.
अगर आपकको कहनना हहै “पनापांच बजनजे मह दस ममनट” हह | सकोचचए ममनट ककतनजे बचजे हहै – 10 और ककौन सना घपांटना हकोनजे कजे मलए – 5 तको
5
फलॉमल
हर्मु जे कजे अनहसनार आप कहह गजे – 10 to 5.
नकोट – 1 घपांटजे मह 60 ममनट हकोतजे हहै | 60 ममनट कना आधना 30 ममनट हकोतना हहै इसमलए 30 ममनट कको हनाफ (half) कहतजे हहै और 30 ममनट
कना भबी आधना 15 ममनट हकोतना हहै इसमलए 15 ममनट कको क्वनाटर (quarter) कहतजे हहै | समझझिए –
अगर “आठ बजकर पन्द्रह ममनट” यनानन “सवना आठ” हहए हहै | तको फलॉमल
हर्मु जे कजे अनहसनार आप कहह गजे
यहनाहाँ पर 15 (कफफ्टटीन) ककी जगह आप क्वनाटर कना प्रयकोग कर सकतजे हहै | और कह सकतजे हहै
इसबी तरह
अगर “आठ बजनजे मह पन्द्रह ममनट” यनानन “पकौनजे आठ” हहए हहै | तको फलॉमल
हर्मु जे कजे अनहसनार आप कहह गजे
– 15 to 8. (कफफ्टटीन टह एट )
यहनाहाँ पर 15 (कफफ्टटीन ) ककी जगह आप क्वनाटर कना प्रयकोग कर सकतजे हहै | और कह सकतजे हहै
-quarter to 8 (क्वनाटर टह एट )
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ठठीक इसबी तरह
अगर “आठ बजकर तबीस ममनट” यनानन “सनाढ़जे आठ” हहए हहै | तको फलॉमल
हर्मु जे कजे अनहसनार आप कहह गजे
यहनाहाँ पर 30 (थटर्टी ककी जगह आप हनाफ कना प्रयकोग कर सकतजे हहै | और कह सकतजे हहै
अगर कलॉन्सजेप्ट कको पढ़कर समझिनजे मह जरना भबी ददक्कत आ रहटी हको तको घबरनाइए नहटीपां नबीचजे ददयजे गयजे उदनाहरण समझिनजे कना प्रयत्न करह
ऑडडियको लहैक्चर भबी सनह नयजे कफर भबी ककोई परजे शनानबी आयजे तको www.englishwale.com कजे स्टटडिहट हहै ल्पडिजेस्क मह अपनना प्रश्न रझखियजे यना हमह
ईमजेल कजे जररए सम्पकर्मु कररयजे |
11 बजजे – 11 o’clock
5 बजजे – 5 o’clock
7 बजजे – 7 o’clock
(क्ययोंकक 2 बजकर तबीस ममनट कको 3 बजनजे मह तबीस ममनट भबी तको कह सकतजे हहै |)
सवना आठ – 15 past 8
10 बजनजे मह 10 ममनट – 10 to 10
पकौनजे 5 – Quarter to 5
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रनात कजे बनारह बजजे कजे बनाद सजे दकोपहर कजे बनारह बजजे सजे पहलजे तक कजे समय कजे सनाथ “am” कना प्रयकोग कर सकतजे हहै जबकक दकोपहर कजे
बनाहर बजजे कजे बनाद सजे रनात कजे बनाहर बजजे सजे पहलजे तक कजे समय कजे सनाथ “pm” कना प्रयकोग कर सकतजे हहै |
Numerals & their Pronunciations
1 One 15 Fifteen
2 Two 16 Sixteen
3 Three 17 Seventeen
4 Four 18 Eighteen
5 Five 19 Nineteen
6 Six 20 Twenty
8
7 Seven 30 Thirty
8 Eight 40 Forty
9 Nine 50 Fifty
10 Ten 60 Sixty
11 Eleven 70 Seventy
12 Twelve 80 Eighty
13 Thirteen 90 Ninety
14 Fourteen 100 Hundred
1000 Thousand
10000 Ten Thousand
100000 Lakh
1000000 Ten Lakh/Million
10000000 Crore
100000000 Ten Crore
100000000 Billion/Arab
0
Which class you are in?
Graduation
Post Graduation
How much is the glass filled
“How fold” or “How many time” –
Single
Double / Twice / Two fold
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Three times/ Three fold/ Thrice
Four times/ Four folds
Singular – मसन्गहलर (एकवचन) जब Subject एक व्यकक्त, एक वस्तह यना एक स्थनान कना बकोध करनायजे।
When the subject refers to one person/place/thing.
Plural – प्ल्यटरल (बहहवचन) जब Subject एक सजे ज़्यनादना व्यकक्त, वस्तह यना स्थनान कना बकोध करनायजे।
When the subject refers to more than one person/place/thing.
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Pronunciation
Pronunciation – ज़रुरटी हहै कक हम जब भबी ककसबी शब्द कको बकोलह तको उसजे सहटी तरटीकजे सजे बकोलह ।
गलत तरटीकजे सजे बकोलनजे पर उसकना अथर्मु बदल जनातना हहै ।
Always pronounce a word properly or else the meaning of the word can change.
Often, pronunciation of a word depends on the sound of the vowel in the word itself.
Exceptions are certainly there, but when you keep learning a language, you come to
know such exceptions yourselves. Since the vowels are the base of pronunciation, we
start with vowels first; however, we’ll cover those consonants too, without knowing their
pronunciation, it is next to impossible to pronounce correctly.
प्रनाय: ककसबी भबी शब्द कना उच्चनारण उस शब्द मह आनजे वनालजे स्वर सजे ननधनार्मुररत हकोतना हहै । हनालनाहाँकक
अपवनाद हर जगह हह लजेककन जब आप ककसबी भनाषना कको सबीखिनजे ककी प्रकक्रियना मह आगजे बढ़तजे जनातजे हह
तको खिहद ब खिहद आप इन अपवनादयों कको जनाननजे लगतजे हह। स्वरयों कना रकोल अहम हकोनजे ककी वजह सजे
हम शरु
ह आत स्वरयों कजे उच्चनारण सजे करतजे हह उसकजे बनाद कहछ ऐसजे व्यजपांनयों कजे उच्चनारण कको समझिहगजे
कजनकजे बबनना अपांगजेज़बी भनाषना कको सहटी तरटीकजे सजे बकोलनना ननामहमककन हहै ।
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S.NO Word Pronunciation Meaning
2 Go गको जनानना
12
12 Speak स्पबीक बनात करनना
18 Come कम आनना
13
26 Pull पहल खिबीपांचनना
29 Home हकोम घर
14
40 Take टजे क लजेनना, लजे जनानना
46 Cut कट कनाटनना
15
Daily Use English Sentences
16
5. ढक्कन खदोल ददो।
6. नल खदोल ददो।
7. नल बन्द कर ददो।
17
11. मिझ
र पर सहकारका मित लदो।
(Dheeme bolo.)
(Dheere bolo.)
Speak slowly.
(Tez bolo.)
Speak quickly.
18
17. ऊऊँचका बदोलदो।
(Ooncha bolo.)
Speak aloud.
19
23. समिय ककी नजकाकत कदो समिझदो।
Try to understand.
20
Do not wink.
Do not gesture.
Don’t be stubborn.
33. मिझ
र सने पघंगने मित लदो।
21
Bask in the sun.
22
(Joote utaar lo.)
23
(Andhera ho raha hai.)
(Jaakar so jao.)
Go and sleep.
50. मिझ
र ने ठघं ड लग रहदी हहै ।
It’s raining.
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52. फदोन आ रहका हहै ।
(Machine chalao.)
(AC ON karo.)
57. सब
र ह हदो गयधी।
(Subah ho gayi.)
It’s Morning.
25
58. मिनेरने सकाथ चलदो।
Start a job.
Find a job.
26
Learn driving.
(India jeetegi.)
27
(Nange pair mat chalo.)
Don’t be smart.
Enjoyed a lot!
28
(Ve park se aaye.)
29
Daily Conversation In English
Examples
Raj I’m working hard in Maths, Physics and Chemistry. I have planning to appear in I.I.T
30
Amit How much time do you devote to Your studies ?
Raj No. Not yet, but I would like to join a Crach course for I.I.T. entrance after Completing class
31
Ankit Yes, I am.
Ankit Yes, there is. How about you ? Are You coming ?
Ankit Bye.
Enquiry
Yes, the Punjab mail is There.
Clerk
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Enquiry
Platform No. One
Clerk
Prakash Where can I get the ticket from?
Enquiry
You can have it at the Reservation counter.
Clerk
Prakash Thank you.
Ticket
Two hundred ten rupees, Please.
Clerk
Ticket
Do you have a 10 rupee note
Clerk
Ticket
Here’s your Ticket.
Clerk
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Interview –
Arun May I come in sir?
Interviewer I see. tell me something about yourself including your family background?
Sir, My name is Arun. I belong to Delhi. I graduated from Delhi University in 2010.
Arun
We are five members in family. My father is in private job. My mother is a house wife. I’ve a
brother and a sister. Both are younger to me and pursuing graduation from DU itself. My
hobbies are playing guitar and reading books. That’s it.
Interviewe
You have done BA or BSc?
r
Interviewe
Which was your favorite subject?
r
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Arun History.
Interviewe
Can you tell me the name of Ashoka’s father?
r
Sir, I can’t remember now. Actually it’s been three years having done graduation so don’t
Arun
remember much. I think it was Bindusar.
Interviewe
Are you confident?
r
Arun Not so sure.
Interviewe
It’s ok. Anyways, do you have any idea what a call center is?
r
Sir, Call center is a place where calls are either received or made. There are two types of
Arun processes; inbound and outbound. In inbound, we receive a call from customers and in
outbound, we make a call to them.
Interviewe
Why do we call customers in outbound processes?
r
Arun Sir, It may be for selling our products or for a survey purpose.
Interviewe
And in inbound?
r
Sir, we have to handle customer queries in inbound. We have to provide good customer service
Arun
to the customer.
Interviewe
Do you have any work experience?
r
Interviewe
Did you ever try for government jobs?
r
Arun Yes sir, I did. I had written the test for Railways and Indian Navy but I couldn’t get through.
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Interviewe
Do you think call center is a good career option?
r
Yes sir. Call center industry is a booming industry. Call centers are providing good salary
Arun
package, facilities like meals, transport and all. So I think I can grow here.
Interviewe
Can you tell me a disadvantage of working in call centers?
r
Interviewe
But you got to manage!
r
yes sir, I know. It’s not a problem sir. When I thought to apply in call centers, I convinced
Arun myself. I truly believe that one has to sacrifice some or the other thing to achieve something
better. And moreover, every job has some pros and cons. I am quite comfortable with shifts.
Interviewe I like your attitude. See, 5 years ago even I had joined here as an executive like you. So
r growth opportunities are certainly there, but you got to perform.
Interviewe
Well, I think you can do a good job. By the way, where do you stay?
r
Interviewe
Oh, that’s the problem. We don’t provide cabs in East Delhi.
r
Interviewe
Yes we do.
r
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Arun Sir, I can relocate as my friend is living there. I can share his room.
Interviewe
That’s great. Ok Arun, so now you wait outside for the feedback.
r
Interviewe
Same here.
r
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