Organic Fertilizers

Jannat Iftikhar
B11-16
7th semester

Department of Botany
1
University of the Punjab
Lahore
Introduction
• “An organic fertilizer refers to a soil amendment derived
from natural sources that guarantees, at least, the minimum
percentages of nitrogen, phosphate, and potash.”
• Virtually any organic material can be used as a fertilizer;
however, materials vary considerably in the concentration of
plant nutrients they contain and the rate which these
nutrients are released for the plant use.

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Why we use organic
fertilizers?
• Our most important natural resource is the soil that is why it is
crucial to save and protect it considering the present and also
the future.
• It is our task to preserve the humus top soil and to increase its
organic matter contents, to improve the nutrient providing
ability and carry on an environment-friendly nutrient
management.

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Types of organic fertilizers
• Organic fertilizers can be grouped into the following
categories;
1. Manures and composts
2. Green manures
3. Plant, stubble and root residues
4. Other fertilizers

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1. Manure and compost
• Out of all the organic fertilizers, good quality manure is
excellent source of organic nutrients, which consists of solid
and liquid feces and litter.
• Fresh manure may be available from the livestock operations.
Commercial, packaged manures generally contain composted
material.

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 1.Manure and compost
• Compost can be made from the materials such as yard waste,
sawdust, manures and industrial by-products.
• Composted materials are generally ready to mix into the soil
when you can no longer identify what the material originally
consisted of.
• It usually has a dark brown appearance, is granular in size and
has a musty smell.

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Animal manure and Compost 7
1.Manure and compost
• Human manure, some
people refer to human
excreta as human manure,
and the word “humanure”
has also been used. Just
like animal manure, it can
be applied as a soil
conditioner.
• Sewage sludge is a
material that contains
human excreta, as it is
generated after mixing
excreta with water and
treatment of waste water
in a sewage treatment
plant Sewage sludge 8
2. Green manure
• Green fertilizing is a method of organic fertilizing when a plant
is produced for the purpose of turning its whole mass into the
soil as a fertilizer before it begins to bloom.
• Green manures are crops grown for the express purpose of
plowing them in, thus increasing the fertility through the
incorporation of nutrients and organic matter into the soil.
• Leguminous plants such as clover are often use for this, as
they fix nitrogen using Rhizobia bacteria in specialized nodes
in the root structure.

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Incorporation of a green manure crop

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3. Plant, stubble and root
residues
• The roots of cultivated plants play a significant role in the
maintenance of the fertility, digestion of nutrients and
improving the structure of the soil.
• They have a great advantage on the organic manures that they
homogenously net in the soil and in this way the organic
material distribution is even.
• The amount of the root residues is considerable, in the upper
200 mm layer of the soil expressed in dry matter per hectare
the values are the following: peas 600kg, maize 2500kg,
sunflower 3900kg.

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3. Plant, stubble and root
residues
• Beside the roots the
stem residues also
have a remarkable
role. The amount is
influenced by the
sowing density and
the stubble height.

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4. Other fertilizers
• Peat, is also suitable for organic fertilizing, primarily to correct
the harmful characteristics of manures and sub serve
composting.
• Its advantages are the great hygroscopic ability and
bactericidal effect, which facilitate the use of malodorous
materials and the considerable decrease of the number of
pathogens.

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4. Other fertilizers
• Lime is a naturally occurring material produced by crushing
rocks containing high amounts of calcium and magnesium
carbonates.
• The inhabitants of the coasts have been using the nutrient
supply of the algae (Fucaceae and sea-weed) to improve the
soil for centuries.

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4. Other fertilizers
• There are two types of algae-products sold in Europe: one is
calcareous algae, the other is a liquid product made of dried
green and brown algae. The ordinary dose of calcareous algae
is 400-600 kg/ha, with the effect of an average 10-15%
increase of crop.
• Bacterial fertilizers are not novel, however brilliant
achievements of science. Their principle is to beneficiate the
flora of the free living, nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil, so
the use of chemical fertilizers containing nitrogen is
unnecessary. One well-known product is the BioNitroPhos.

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Peat and lime
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 Table 1. approximate nutrient content and rates of availability for various organic materials
Material % Nitrogen (N) % phosphate % potash (K2O) Availability* Notes**
(P2O5)
Blood meal 12.0 1.5 0.57 medium-fast Acidic
Bone meal 0.7-4.0 18.0-34.0 0 slow-medium Alkaline
Compost 1.5-3.5 0.5-1.0 1.0-2.0 slow Alkaline
Cotton seed 6.0 2.0 1.0 slow Acidic
meal
Cow manure 0.25-2.0 0.15-0.9 0.25-1.5 medium
Fish meal 8.0 4.0 0.5 Acidic
Green sand 0 0 6.0 very slow
Horse manure 0.3-2.5 0.15-2.5 0.5-3.0
Poultry manure 1.1-2.8 0.5-2.8 0.5-1.5 medium-fast
Rock phosphate 0 28.0 0 very slow
seaweed 0 0 4.0-13.0 rapid Zinc, iron
Soybean meal 7.0 0 1.0
Swine manure 0.3 0.3 0.3 medium
Tankage*** 9.0 10.0 0
Wood ashes 0 1.0-2.0 3.0-7.0 rapid
Kelp 1.0-1.5 0.5-1.0 5.0-10.0 moderate Zinc, iron
Legumes 2.0-4.0 0.0-0.5 2.0-3.0 moderate 17
*approximate rate of nutrient released from the material
**special properties or characteristics of the material
*** Tankage: dried and ground by-products from animal slaughter
Method of preparation
1. From household compost
2. From natural compost in farms
3. CFT fertilizer machine

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1. From household compost
• Prepare a large container with cover and a drain beneath.
• Collect the food waste, cut into small size, filter the water.
• Input the food waste into the bucket, and add some sugar
everyday (to reduce odor).
• After 2-3 weeks, you can discharge the waste out and cover it
with leaves and soil in your back yard.
• After about one month, you can feel the warming on the top
of your compost, repeat the steps of above and continue

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1. From household compost
• Regularly discharge the
brown water (liquid
fertilizer).
• After several month (2-3 in
summer, 4-6 in winter), the
compost can be used as
conditional soil.
• Ventilation can avoid odor,
coffee grounds or tea
leaves are good deodorant.
• It takes about 1 month
period to achieve initial
stage, so it is
recommended to prepare
two or more barrels.
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2. From natural compost in
farms
• Pile up the animal excrements, agricultural waste, food waste
and other organic matter to about one meter to one and half
meter high.
• Constantly re-pile the compost to maintain the high
temperature and supply of oxygen.
• Repeat step 2 for 2-3 month and the ripened compost will be
generated. It can be used as organic fertilizer in your farm.

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2. From natural compost in
farms
• Microbes in the compost will
begin to reproduce,
decompose, and the heat
generated by microbial
activity will warm up the
compost to 60 to 70 degrees
Celsius.
• Many farmers dispose the
food waste as organic
fertilizer and resulted in bad
smell, it is because without
the high-temperature
sterilization process, the food
waste will generate many
pathogens and odor during
decomposition.
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3. CFT fertilizer machine
• Use shatter to cut the waste into smaller size material.
• Input shattered material into the CFT fertilizer machine.
• Add CFT enzymes (formula) and start operation.
• Wait for 1-3 hours for reaction complete.
• Discharge the reacted material, use them after cooling.
• Animal manure can be inputted without shattering.
• Moisture content should be at least 50% for enzyme reaction.

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3. CFT fertilizer machine
• Various fuels can be used for
heating, ex: gas, waste oil.
• If end product is not going to
use immediately, we
recommend you to (sun) dry
it before storage.
• You can make your own
organic fertilizer from organic
wastes (ex: straws,
vegetables, manure, etc) in
very short time by using CFT
fertilizer machine. It can help
farmer to cut the cost of
chemical fertilizer and reduce
the cost of cultivation.

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Management consideration
• Nutrient needs vary widely depending on soil conditions,
previous fertilizers, organic matter addition, and the type of
the plant grown.
• The best ways to determine which nutrient are needed and in
what amount is to test the soil.
• For lawns and gardens, the fertilizer rate suggested on the soil
report can be applied more than one time per growing
season.
• For field crop situations, however, the suggested rate is for
entire growing season and should not be exceeded.

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Fertilizer rate calculation
• Fertilizer needed = X lbs of nutrients/1000 sq. feet * 1 lb
fertilizer/Y lb nutrient* Z sq. feet area
• Where X is the nutrient recommendation from a soil test
report in pounds/1000 sq ft, Y is the percent of the nutrient in
the fertilizer divided by 100, and Z is the square footage of the
area fertilized.

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Selecting an organic fertilizer
• The numbers on an organic fertilizer label refer to the
concentration (percent) of three major nutrients in the
material: nitrogen (or N), phosphate (or P2O5), and potassium
(potash, or K2O).
• For example, a 6-12-0 fertilizer (bone meal) contains 6%
nitrogen, 12% phosphate (P2O5), and 0% potash (K2O).

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Selecting an organic
fertilizer
• If a soil test report indicates levels of some nutrients are high
or excessive, select products containing lower concentrations
of these nutrients.
• If a soil test report indicates a need for nitrogen, select a high
nitrogen material like blood meal or fish meal

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Fertilizer application
method
• Organic materials can be broadcast on the surface and tilled or
watered into soil, or applied in a narrow band on or beneath
the surface.
• Two main types of broadcast applicators are available: the
drop spreader and the rotary spreader

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Fertilizer application
method
• Most drop spreaders are
capable of applying a
wide range of rates;
however, the path Drop spreader
spread is limited to the
width of the unit
(normally 18 inches to
three feet).
• Rotary spreaders may
broadcast organic
materials in a 5 to 10
foot wide path but with
less uniformity and rate Rotary spreader
control than drop
spreaders. 30
Fertilizer application
method
• Banding is a convenient
way to make in-season
fertilizer applications to
high nitrogen requiring
vegetables like corn
• Make narrow furrows six
to eight inches away
from the base of the
plants, two to three
inches deep. Distribute
the organic material
evenly in the furrow and
cover with soil Banding 31
Factors effecting the nutrient
availability
• Soil pH
• Organic matter
• Soil texture
• Climate
• Crop removal
• Soil compaction
• Nutrient interaction

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Advantages of using organic
fertilizers
• Soil structure
• Hydraulic conductivity
• Field capacity
• Reduced erosion
• Non-toxic food
• On farm production
• Low capital investment
• Employment
• Fertility of the soil
• Safe environment
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Disadvantages of using
organic fertilizer
• Takes longer time
• High demand and low supply
• Simple but messy and inconvenient

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Organic fertilizers supplier
in Pakistan
• Sunland crops care, Karachi.
• Shah enterprise, Karachi.
• Al-bahar enterprises, Lahore .
• AMB organics, Karachi.
• Safi chemicals and fertilizers (PVT) Ltd.
• Millat enterprises, Muridkey.
• M Akbar and company, Quetta.
• Hanan Impex, Sialkot.

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References
• www.ncagr.gov/agronomi/pdffiles/sfn12.pdf
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manure
• en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organicfertilizer
• www.befarmex.com/files/289_Organic-fertilizers-ENG.HUNGARY[1].pdf
• extension.usu.edu/files/publications/factsheet/HG-510.pdf
• www.organicfacts.net/organic-products/organic-cultivation/benefits-of-
organic-fertilizers.html
• globalharvestorganics.com/blog/benefits-to-using-organic-fertilizers/
• www.aquaculture.ugent.be/Education/coursematerial/online%20course
s/faoman/mcd/art/img120.htm
• www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/environment/nutrient-
management/pubs/effects-of-manure%20-fertilizer-
on%20soil%20fertility-quality.pdf
• www.wolftrax.com/en/factors-affecting-nutrient-availability
• www.slideshare.net/JohnLee16/make-organic-fertilizer-form-organic-
waste 36
• pakistan.metrosources.com
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Thank you
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Any question???

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