1.

Ordinal scale
= Ordinal scales are typically measures of non-
numeric concepts like satisfaction, happiness, and
discomfort .EX:

2. Nominal scale
= Nominal scales are used for labeling variables,
without any quantitative value. “Nominal” scales
could simply be called “labels. A sub-type of nominal
scale with only two categories (e.g. male/female) is
called “dichotomous.” EX:

3. Interval scale
= Interval scales are numeric scales in which we know not only the order, but also the exact differences between the
values.
EX: the difference between 60 and 50 degrees is a measurable 10 degrees, as is the difference between 80 and 70 degrees.

4. Ratio scale
= Ratio scales provide a wealth of possibilities when it comes to
statistical analysis. These variables can be meaningfully added,
subtracted, multiplied, divided (ratios).EX:

5. Random Sampling
=a method of selecting a sample (random sample) from a statisticalpopulation in such a way that every possible sam
ple that could beselected has a predetermined probability of being selected.
EX: the names of 25 employees being chosen out of a hat from a company of 250 employees .

6. Stratified sampling
= is a probability sampling technique wherein the researcher divides the entire population into different subgroups
or strata, then randomly selects the final subjects proportionally from the different strata.
EX: Assume that we need to estimate average number of votes for each candidate in an election.

7. Purposive sampling
= where a researcher selects a sample based on their knowledge about the study and population.
EX: Participants are selected according to the needs of the study; applicants who do not meet the profile are rejected. For example, you
may be conducting a study on why high school students choose community college over university. You might canvas high school students and
your first question would be “Are you planning to attend college?” People who answer “No,” would be excluded from the study.

8. Convenience sampling
= is one of the main types of non-probability sampling methods. A convenience sample is made up of people who
are easy to reach.
EX: A pollster interviews shoppers at a local mall.

9. Quota sampling
= means to take a much tailored sample that’s in proportion to some characteristic or trait of a population.
EX: The population is divided into groups (also called strata) and samples are taken from each group to meet
a quota. Care is taken to maintain the correct proportions representative of the population.
10. Cluster sampling
= a sampling technique used when "natural" but relatively
heterogeneous groupings are evident in a statistical population. It is
often used in marketing research. In this technique, the total
population is divided into these groups (or clusters) and a simple
random sample of the groups is selected.
EX:

11. Frequency distribution

= a frequency distribution is a table that displays
the frequency of various outcomes in a sample. Each entry in the
table contains the frequency or count of the occurrences of values
within a particular group or interval, and in this way, the table
summarizes the distribution of values in the sample.
EX:

12. Inferential Statistics

= inferential statistics to try to infer from the sample data what
the population might think. Or, we use inferential statistics to make
judgments of the probability that an observed difference between
groups is a dependable one or one that might have happened by
chance in this study.
EX:

13. Relative Frequency

= A frequency count is a measure of the number of times
that an event occurs. The above equation expresses relative
frequency as a proportion. It is also often expressed as a
percentage. Thus, a relative frequency of 0.50 is equivalent to
a percentage of 50%
EX:

14. Measures of Central Tendency

= a measure of central tendency) is a central or typical
value for a probability distribution. It may also be called a
center or location of the distribution. ... The most
common measures of central tendency are the arithmetic
mean, the median and the mode.
EX:

15. Measures of variability

=summary measures to describe the amount of variability or
spread in a set of data. The most common measures of
variability are the range, the interquartile range (IQR), variance,
and standard deviation
EX: