Vancouver Style Referencing System

The Vancouver style was first defined by a meeting of medical journal editors
in Vancouver, Canada, in 1978. These guidelines follow the principles given in
the Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals:
Writing and editing for biomedical publication published by the International
Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) in 2004 and the American
Medical Association Manual of Style, 9th edition, 1998. These publications
constitute authoritative international guides to Vancouver publication
standards and style.

Vancouver Style uses a notational method of referencing when referring to a

source of information within the text of a document. In its simplest form, a
citation is given consisting of a number in superscript format or enclosed by
round brackets.

When using EndNote bibliographic software, please use the following output style - Vancouver.

Citation within the Text

Indicating the Relevant Reference in the Text

A number enclosed in round brackets, eg. (1) or (26), placed in the text of the
essay, indicates the relevant reference. Citations are numbered consecutively
in the order in which they appear in the text and each citation corresponds to a
numbered reference containing publication information about the source cited
in the reference list at the end of the publication, essay or assignment. Once a
source has been cited, the same number is used in all subsequent references.
No distinction is made between print and electronic references when citing
within the text.
Here are some examples of this kind of referencing :

Bracket Format

The largest lesion in the first study was 10 cm (13).

The theory was first put forward in 1987 (1).
Scholtz (2) has argued that...
Several recent studies (3,4,15,16) have suggested that...
For example, see (7).

It is not necessary to mention either the author(s) or the date of the reference
unless it is relevant to your text.
It is not necessary to say "in reference (26) ...", "In (26) ..." is sufficient.

Citing More Than One Reference at a Time

When citing more than one source at a time, the preferred method is to list
each reference number separately with a comma or dash (without spaces)
between each reference:

Bracket Format

(1,3,5)
(1-5)
(2-5,9,13)
Personal Communications

Personal communications should be included in the text of your document, but

they should not be included in your reference list. It is recommended that
permission is sought from the source/author of a personal communication if
you wish to include quotes in your text. The details you need to include when
referencing in text are:

 the date of the communication;

 whether the communication was in oral or written form;
 the affiliation of the person might also be included to better establish the
relevance and authority of the citation (recommended).

Conversation

In a conversation with a colleague from the School of Population Health

(Jameson LI 2002, oral communication, 7th August)...

Letter

As stated in a letter from B.J. Samuels, MD, in July 2002...

E-mail

Smith P. New research projects in gastroenterology [online]. E-mail to

Matthew Hart (mh@hospital.wa.gov.au) 2000 Feb 5 [cited 2000 Mar 17].

The Reference List or Bibliography

A numbered list of references must be provided at the end of the paper. The
list should be arranged in the order of citation in the text of the publication,
assignment or essay, not in alphabetical order. List only one reference per
reference number. It is very important that you use the correct punctuation
and that the order of details in the references is also correct.
 The following examples demonstrate the format for a variety of types of
references. Included are some examples of citing electronic documents. Such
items come in many forms, so only some examples have been listed here.

Print Documents

Books

Note: Only the first word of the title of a book or conference should be
capitalised, except for proper nouns or acronyms. Capitalise the "v" in Volume
for a book title.

#. Author/editor AA. Title: subtitle. Edition(if not the first). Vol.(if a

multivolume work). Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p. page
number(s) (if appropriate).

Standard format

Single author or editor

1. Hoppert M. Microscopic techniques in biotechnology. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2003.

2. Storey KB, editor. Functional metabolism: regulation and adaptation. Hoboken

(NJ): J. Wiley & Sons; 2004.

Two or more authors or editors

3. Lawhead JB, Baker MC. Introduction to veterinary science. Clifton Park (NY):
Thomson Delmar Learning; 2005.

4. Gilstrap LC, Cunningham FG, Van Dorsten JP, editors. Operative obstetrics. 2nd
ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002.
 No author

5. The Oxford concise medical dictionary. 6th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press;
2003. p. 26.

Later edition

6. Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobyashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical microbiology. 4th ed.
St Louis: Mosby; 2002.

Multiple volumes

7. Lee GR, Bithell TC, Foerster J, Athens JW, Lukens JN, editors. Wintrobes clinical
hematology. 9th ed. Vol 2. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1993.

Series

8. Unwin E, Codde JP, Bartu A. The impact of drugs other than alchohol and tobacco
on the health of Western Australians. Perth: Dept of Health; 2004.
Epidemiology occasional papers series, No. 20.

Corporate author (ie: a company or organisation)

9. American Veterinary Medical Association. National Board Examination Committee.

North American Veterinary Licensing Examination : bulletin of information for
candidates. Bismarck (ND): The Committee; 2001.

Conference (complete conference proceedings)

10. Harnden P, Joffe JK, Jones WG, editors. Germ cell tumours V. Proceedings of the
5th Germ Cell Tumour conference; 2001 Sep 13-15; Leeds, UK. New York:
Springer; 2002.

Government publication

11. Australia. Commonwealth Department of Veterans' Affairs and Defence.

Australian Gulf War veterans' health study 2003. Canberra: Commonwealth of
Australia; 2003.
12. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Disability, ageing and carers: summary of
findings. Canberra: ABS; 1999. ABS publication 4430.0.

Scientific / Technical report

13. Lugg DJ. Physiological adaptation and health of an expedition in Antarctica: with
comment on behavioural adaptation. Canberra: A.G.P.S.; 1977. Australian
Government Department of Science, Antarctic Division. ANARE scientific
reports. Series B(4), Medical science No. 0126.

Patent / Standard

14. Pagedas AC, inventor; Ancel Surgical R&D Inc., assignee. Flexible endoscopic
grasping and cutting device and positioning tool assembly. United States
patent US 20020103498. 2002 Aug 1.

Thesis or dissertation

15. Borkowski MM. Infant sleep and feeding: a telephone survey of Hispanic
Americans. PhD [dissertation]. Mount Pleasant (MI): Central Micihigan
University; 2002.

16. Hincks CL. The detection and characterisation of novel papillomaviruses.

Biomedical Science, Honours [thesis]. Murdoch: Murdoch University; 2001.
 Parts of a Book

Note: These examples are for chapters or parts of edited works in which the
chapters or parts have individual title and author/s, but are included in
collections or textbooks edited by others. If the editors of a work are also the
authors of all of the included chapters then it should be cited as a whole book
using the examples given above (Books).

Capitalise only the first word of a paper or book chapter.

Standard format

#. Author of Part, AA. Title of chapter or part. In: Editor A,

Editor B, editors. Title: subtitle of Book. Edition(if not the
first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year. p. page
numbers.

Article/chapter in a book

1. Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid

tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of human
cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.

2. Ford HL, Sclafani RA, Degregori J. Cell cycle regulatory cascades. In: Stein GS,
Pardee AB, editors. Cell cycle and growth control: biomolecular regulation and
cancer. 2nd ed. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley-Liss; 2004. p. 42-67.

Conference or Seminar Paper

3. Christensen S, Oppacher F. An analysis of Koza's computational effort statistic for

genetic programming. In: Foster JA, Lutton E, Miller J, Ryan C, Tettamanzi AG,
editors. Genetic programming. EuroGP 2002: Proceedings of the 5th European
Conference on Genetic Programming; 2002 Apr 3-5; Kinsdale, Ireland. Berlin:
Springer; 2002. p. 182-91.
 Study Guides and Unit Readers

Note: You should not cite from Unit Readers, Study Guides, or lecture notes,
but where possible you should go to the original source of the information. If
you do need to cite articles from the Unit Reader, treat the Reader articles as if
they were book or journal articles. In your citations refer to the page numbers
from the Reader, if given, not the original page numbers (unless you have
independently consulted the original).

4. Lynch M. God's signature: DNA profiling, the new gold standard in forensic
science. Endeavour. 2003;27(2):93-7. Reprinted In: Forensic Investigation
(BIO373) unit reader for forensic DNA component. Murdoch: Murdoch
University; 2005.

Journal Articles

Note: Capitalise only the first word of an article title, except for proper nouns
or acronyms. List the first six authors followed by et al. The titles of journals
should be abbreviated as they appear in the MEDLINE Journals Database.
Volume, issue and page numbers are given but not labelled. To indicate a page
range use 123-9, 126-34 or 111-222. If you refer to only one page, use only
111.

Standard format

#. Author of article AA, Author of article BB, Author of

article CC. Title of article. Abbreviated Title of Journal. year;
vol(issue):page number(s).

Journal article

1. Drummond PD. Triggers of motion sickness in migraine sufferers. Headache.

2005;45(6):653-6.

2. Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected

patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(7):284-7.
3. Geck MJ, Yoo S, Wang JC. Assessment of cervical ligamentous injury in trauma
patients using MRI. J Spinal Disord. 2001;14(5):371-7.

More than six authors

4. Gillespie NC, Lewis RJ, Pearn JH, Bourke ATC, Holmes MJ, Bourke JB, et al.
Ciguatera in Australia: occurrence, clinical features, pathophysiology and
management. Med J Aust. 1986;145:584-90.

Organization as author

5. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and

proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension.
2002;40(5):679-86.

No author given

6. 21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ.
2002;325(7537):184.

Volume with supplement

7. Geraud G, Spierings EL, Keywood C. Tolerability and safety of frovatriptan with

short- and long-term use for treatment of migraine and in comparison with
sumatriptan. Headache. 2002;42 Suppl 2:S93-9.

Issue with supplement

8. Glauser TA. Integrating clinical trial data into clinical practice. Neurology.
2002;58(12 Suppl 7):S6-12.

Volume with part

9. Abend SM, Kulish N. The psychoanalytic method from an epistemological

viewpoint. Int J Psychoanal. 2002;83(Pt 2):491-5.
 Issue with part

10. Ahrar K, Madoff DC, Gupta S, Wallace MJ, Price RE, Wright KC. Development of a
large animal model for lung tumors. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2002;13(9 Pt
1):923-8.

Issue with no volume

11. Banit DM, Kaufer H, Hartford JM. Intraoperative frozen section analysis in
revision total joint arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 2002;(401):230-8.

Newspaper article

12. O'Leary C. Vitamin C does little to prevent winter cold. The West Australian. 2005
Jun 29;1.

Electronic Documents

Note: When you cite an electronic source try to describe it in the same way
you would describe a similar printed publication. If possible, give sufficient
information for your readers to retrieve the source themselves.
If only the first page number is given, a plus sign indicates following pages,
eg. 26+. If page numbers are not given, use paragraph or other section
numbers if you need to be specific.

An electronic source may not always contain clear author or publisher details.
The access information will usually be just the URL of the source. As well as a
publication/revision date (if there is one), the date cited is included since an
electronic source may change between the time you cite it and the time it is
accessed by a reader.
 E-Books

Standard format

#. Author A, Author B. Title of e-book [format]. Place:

Publisher; Date of original publication [cited year
abbreviated month day]. Available from : Source. URL.

1. van Belle G, Fisher LD, Heagerty PJ, Lumley TS. Biostatistics: a methodology for
the health sciences [e-book]. 2nd ed. Somerset (NJ): Wiley InterScience; 2003
[cited 2005 Jun 30]. Available from: Wiley InterScience electronic collection.

2. Sommers-Flanagan J, Sommers-Flanagan R. Clinical interviewing [e-book]. 3rd ed.

New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2003 [cited 2005 Jun 30]. Available from:
NetLibrary.

Article in an electronic reference book

3. Widdicombe J. Respiration. In: Blakemore C, Jennett S, editors. The Oxford

companion to the body [e-book]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001 [cited
2005 Jun 30]. Available from: Oxford Reference Online.
http://www.oxfordreference.com.

4. Lee HC, Pagliaro EM. Serology: blood identification. In: Siegel J, Knupfer G,
Saukko P, editors. Encyclopedia of forensic sciences [e-book]. San Diego:
Academic Press; 2000 [cited 2005 Jun 30]:1331-8. Available from: Science
Direct Reference. www.elsevier.com.
 E-Journals

Standard format

#. Author A, Author B. Title of article. Abbreviated Title of

Journal [format]. year [cited year abbreviated month
day];vol(no):page numbers[estimated if necessary]. Available
from: Database Name (if appropriate). URL.

Journal article abstract accessed from online database

1. Leroy EM, Telfer P, Kumulungui B, Yaba P, et al. A serological survey of Ebola virus
infection in central African nonhuman primates. J Infect Dis [abstract]. 2004
[cited 2005 Jun 30];190(11):1895. Available from: ProQuest.
http://www.umi.com/proquest/.

Note: Abstract citations are only included in a reference list if the abstract is
substantial or if the full-text of the article could not be accessed.

Journal article from online full-text database

Note: When including the internet address of articles retrieved from searches
in full-text databases, please use the recommended URLs for full-text
databases, which are the URLs for the main entrance to the service and are
easier to reproduce.

2. Palsson G, Hardardottir KE. For whom the cell tolls: debates about biomedicine
(1). Curr Anthropol [serial online]. 2002 [cited 2005 Jun 30];
43(2):271+[about 31 pages]. Available from: Academic OneFile.
http://find.galegroup.com.

3. Allen C, Crake D, Wilson H, Buchholz A. Polycystic ovary syndrome and a low

glycemic index diet. Can J Diet Pract Res [serial online]. 2005 [cited 2005 Jun
30];Summer:3. Available from: ProQuest. http://il.proquest.com.
 Journal article in a scholarly journal (published free of charge on the
internet)

4. Eisen SA, Kang HK, Murphy FM , Blanchard MS, Reda DJ, Henderson WG, et al.
Gulf War veterans' health: medical evaluation of a U.S. cohort? Ann Intern
Med [serial on the Internet]. 2005 [cited 2005 June 30];142(11):881+[about
12 pages]. Available from: http://www.annals.org/.

Journal article in electronic journal subscription

5. Barton CA, McKenzie DP, Walters EH, et al. Interactions between psychosocial
problems and management of asthma: who is at risk of dying? J Asthma
[serial on the Internet]. 2005 [cited 2005 Jun 30];42(4):249-56. Available
from: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/.

Newspaper article from online database

6. Dearne K. Dispensing with the chemist. The Australian [newspaper online]. 2005
Jun 14 [cited 2005 Jun 30];[about 8 screens]. Available from: Factiva.
http://global.factiva.com.

Newspaper article from the Internet

7. Diseased organs may be used to deter smokers. Sydney Morning Herald

[newspaper on the Internet]. 2005 Jun 29 [cited 2005 Jun 30]; para. 4-5.
Available from: http://www.smh.com.au/.
 Internet Documents

Standard format

#. Author A, Author B. Document title. Webpage name

[format]. Source/production information; Date of internet
publication [cited year month day]. Available from: URL.

Professional Internet site

1. Australian Insitute of Health and Welfare. Chronic diseases and associated risk
factors [document on the Internet]. Canberra: The Institute; 2004 [updated
2005 June 23; cited 2005 Jun 30]. Available from:
http://www.aihw.gov.au/cdarf/index.cfm.

Personal Internet site

2. Stanley F. Information page - Professor Fiona Stanley. Telethon Institute for Child
Health Research [homepage on the Internet]. Perth: The Institute; 2005 [cited
2005 Jun 30]. Available from: http://www.ichr.uwa.edu.au/about/schools/.

General Internet site

3. Lavelle P. Mental state of the nation. Health matters [document on the Internet].
ABC online; 2005 May 19 [cited 2005 Jul 1]. Available from:
http://abc.net.au/health/features/mentalstate/.
 Non-Book Formats

#. Person AA, Responsibility (if appropriate). Title: subtitle

[format]. Special credits (if appropriate). Place of
publication: Publisher; Year.

Podcasts

1. Brown W, Brodie K, & George P. From Lake Baikal to the halfway mark,
Yekaterinburg. Peking to Paris: Episode 3 [podcast on the Internet]. Sydney:
ABC Television; 2007 June 4 [cited 2008 Feb 4]. Available from
http://www.abc.net.au/tv/pekingtoparis/podcast/pekingtoparis.xml.

2. Gary, S. Black hole death ray. StarStuff [podcast on the Internet]. Sydney: ABC
News Radio; 2007 Dec 23 [cited 2008 Feb 4]. Available from
http://abc.net.au/newsradio/podcast/STARSTUFF.xml.

Other Formats

Microform

3. Terry KW, Hewson GS, Rowe MB. Characterisation of inhaled dusts at minesites
[microfiche]. Perth: Minerals and Energy Research Institute of Western
Australia; 1998.

Video recording

4. Hillel J, writer. Out of sight out of mind: indigenous people's health in Australia
[videorecording]. Bendigo: Video Education Australasia; 2003.

Television Programme

5. Cohen J, reporter. Messing with heads. Four corners [television broadcast].

Australian Broadcasting Corporation; 2005 Mar 21.
 A Reference List : What It Should Look Like

The reference list should appear at the end of your paper. Begin the list on a
new page. The title References should be either left justified or centred on the
page. The entries should appear as one numerical sequence in the order that
the material is cited in the text of your assignment.

Note: The hanging indent for each reference makes the numerical sequence
more obvious.

1. Hoppert M. Microscopic techniques in biotechnology. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH; 2003.

2. Drummond PD. Triggers of motion sickness in migraine sufferers. Headache.

2005;45(6):653-6.

3. Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid

tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of human
cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.

4. Storey KB, editor. Functional metabolism: regulation and adaptation. Hoboken

(NJ): J. Wiley & Sons; 2004.

5. Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected

patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(7):284-7.

6. Geck MJ, Yoo S, Wang JC. Assessment of cervical ligamentous injury in trauma
patients using MRI. J Spinal Disord. 2001;14(5):371-7.

7. Gillespie NC, Lewis RJ, Pearn JH, Bourke ATC, Holmes MJ, Bourke JB, et al.
Ciguatera in Australia: occurrence, clinical features, pathophysiology and
management. Med J Aust. 1986;145:584-90.

8. Lawhead JB, Baker MC. Introduction to veterinary science. Clifton Park (NY):
Thomson Delmar Learning; 2005.
9. Ford HL, Sclafani RA, Degregori J. Cell cycle regulatory cascades. In: Stein GS,
Pardee AB, editors. Cell cycle and growth control: biomolecular regulation and
cancer. 2nd ed. Hoboken (NJ): Wiley-Liss; 2004. p. 42-67.

10. Gilstrap LC, Cunningham FG, Van Dorsten JP, editors. Operative obstetrics. 2nd
ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002.

11. The Oxford concise medical dictionary. 6th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press;
2003. p. 26.

12. Palsson G, Hardardottir KE. For whom the cell tolls: debates about biomedicine
(1). Curr Anthropol [serial online]. 2002 [cited 2005 Jun 30];
43(2):271+[about 31 pages]. Available from: Academic OneFile.
http://find.galegroup.com.

13. Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobyashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical microbiology. 4th ed.
St Louis: Mosby; 2002.

14. Barton CA, McKenzie DP, Walters EH, et al. Interactions between psychosocial
problems and management of asthma: who is at risk of dying? J Asthma
[serial on the Internet]. 2005 [cited 2005 Jun 30];42(4):249-56. Available
from: http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/.

15. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and

proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension.
2002;40(5):679-86.

16. 21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ.
2002;325(7537):184.

17. Dearne K. Dispensing with the chemist. The Australian [newspaper online]. Jun
14, 2005 [cited 2005 Jun 30];[about 8 screens]. Available from: Factiva.
http://global.factiva.com.

18. Diseased organs may be used to deter smokers. Sydney Morning Herald
[newspaper on the Internet]. Jun 29, 2005 [cited 2005 Jun 30]; para. 4-5.
Available from: http://www.smh.com.au/.
19. Allen C, Crake D, Wilson H, Buchholz A. Polycystic ovary syndrome and a low
glycemic index diet. Can J Diet Pract Res [serial online]. 2005 [cited 2005 Jun
30];Summer:3. Available from: ProQuest. http://il.proquest.com/.

20. Geraud G, Spierings EL, Keywood C. Tolerability and safety of frovatriptan with
short- and long-term use for treatment of migraine and in comparison with
sumatriptan. Headache. 2002;42 Suppl 2:S93-9.

21. Banit DM, Kaufer H, Hartford JM. Intraoperative frozen section analysis in
revision total joint arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 2002;(401):230-8.

22. O'Leary C. Vitamin C does little to prevent winter cold. The West Australian. 2005
Jun 29; 1.

23. Lee GR, Bithell TC, Foerster J, Athens JW, Lukens JN, editors. Wintrobes clinical
hematology. 9th ed. Vol 2. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1993.

24. Australian Insitute of Health and Welfare. Chronic diseases and associated risk
factors [document on the Internet]. Canberra: The Institute; 2004 [updated
2005 June 23; cited 2005 Jun 30]. Available from:
http://www.aihw.gov.au/cdarf/index.cfm

25. Unwin E, Codde JP, Bartu A. The impact of drugs other than alchohol and tobacco
on the health of Western Australians. Perth: Dept of Health; 2004.
Epidemiology occasional papers series, No. 20.

26. van Belle G, Fisher LD, Heagerty PJ, Lumley TS. Biostatistics: a methodology for
the health sciences [e-book]. 2nd ed. Somerset (NJ): Wiley InterScience; 2003
[cited 2005 Jun 30]. Available from: Wiley InterScience electronic collection.

27. Christensen S, Oppacher F. An analysis of Koza's computational effort statistic for

genetic programming. In: Foster JA, Lutton E, Miller J, Ryan C, Tettamanzi AG,
editors. Genetic programming. EuroGP 2002: Proceedings of the 5th European
Conference on Genetic Programming; 2002 Apr 3-5; Kinsdale, Ireland. Berlin:
Springer; 2002. p. 182-91.
28. American Veterinary Medical Association. National Board Examination Committee.
North American Veterinary Licensing Examination : bulletin of information for
candidates. Bismarck (ND): The Committee; 2001.

29. Sommers-Flanagan J, Sommers-Flanagan R. Clinical interviewing [e-book]. 3rd

ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 2003 [cited 2005 Jun 30]. Available from:
NetLibrary.

30. Harnden P, Joffe JK, Jones WG, editors. Germ cell tumours V. Proceedings of the
5th Germ Cell Tumour conference; 2001 Sep 13-15; Leeds, UK. New York:
Springer; 2002.

31. Australia. Commonwealth Department of Veterans' Affairs and Defence.

Australian Gulf War veterans' health study 2003. Canberra: Commonwealth of
Australia; 2003.

32. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Disability, ageing and carers: summary of

findings. Canberra: ABS; 1999. ABS publication 4430.0.

33. Lee HC, Pagliaro EM. Serology: blood identification. In: Siegel J, Knupfer G,
Saukko P, editors. Encyclopedia of forensic sciences [e-book]. San Diego:
Academic Press; 2000 [cited 2005 Jun 30]:1331-8. Available from: Science
Direct Reference. www.elsevier.com.

34. Lugg DJ. Physiological adaptation and health of an expedition in Antarctica: with
comment on behavioural adaptation. Canberra: A.G.P.S.; 1977. Australian
Government Department of Science, Antarctic Division. ANARE scientific
reports. Series B(4), Medical science No. 0126.

35. Widdicombe J. Respiration. In: Blakemore C, Jennett S, editors. The Oxford

companion to the body [e-book]. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2001 [cited
2005 Jun 30]. Available from: Oxford Reference Online.
http://www.oxfordreference.com.

36. Hincks CL. The detection and characterisation of novel papillomaviruses.

Biomedical Science, Honours [thesis]. Murdoch: Murdoch University; 2001.
Abbreviations

Standard abbreviations may be used in your citations. A list of appropriate

abbreviations can be found below:

ed edition

et al and others

No number (series)

p page/pages (book)

para paragraph

Pt part

rev revised

Suppl supplement

Vol volume (book)