PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES OF

Introduction:

“in order to win a battle, you have to

STRATEGIZED”……..
Strategy means…

 The Art and Science of directing and

controlling the movement and activities of
the army. If the Strategy is GOOD, we can
get VICTORY over our enemies.
 In TEACHING , strategy means a
PROCEDURES and METHODS by which
objectives of teaching are realized in the
class.
Do we give our students
knowledge or help them
discover it themselves?
Let us recall the different
principles that are related
to teaching
1. Learning is an active
Process
 Engaging our learners in learning activities
 Giving our students varied activities for
“hands-on – minds on learning”.

According to a research….
…the most effective approaches resulting in
75% and 90 % retention rates respectively are
learning by doing and learning by teaching
others…
2.The more senses that are
involved in learning, the
more and the better the
learning.
It only means that..

 Based on the graph we can say that.,

WE LEARN MORE with WHAT WE SEE than
with What we Simply Hear…

*The use of a multi- sensory aids is a plus…

3. A non- threatening
atmosphere enhances
learning
 It includes
• Physical condition of a classroom
• Psychological climate of the learning area
- offshoot of a teachers personality and
his/her relationship with the students
4. Emotion has the power to
increase retention and
learning

 The more emotionally involved our students

become in our lesson, the greater the impact
5. Learning is meaningful
when it is connected to
students everyday life
 Connecting the lesson to students everyday
lives
 Making students learning more meaningful
by giving sufficient examples related to
students experiences.
 Avoiding the so-called “banking system of
education”.
6.Good teaching goes beyond
recall of information
 Develop the students HOTS or Higher Order
Thinking Skills by giving emphasis on his
creative and critical thinking ability.
 Ideally , teaching should reach the levels of
• Application
• Analysis
• Synthesis
• Evaluation
7. Good Teaching considers
learners varied learning
styles and learners
multiple intelligences
 Teaching strategies should be varied
depending on each student needs.
 Imposing our learning style may jeopardize
learning.
In order to achieve an
effective teaching
strategy.

It should be
INTEGRATED
WHICH IS WHICH??
Strategies based on
 1. ACTIVE LEARNING

-Anything that students do in a classroom other than merely

passively listening to a teachers lecture

- research shows that active learning improves students

understanding and retention of information and can be very
effective in developing higher order cognitive skills ( ex.
problem solving and critical thinking)
 Question and Focused Corners
Answer Pairs Listing Two
Column
Student Method
Summaries Roundtable

Ice Breakers Scenarios/Case

EXAMPLES OF
Studies
ACTIVE LEARNING
STRATEGIES
Rotating Chair
Discussions Reciprocal
Questioning
Think/Pair/Share
Numbered
One Minute Heads
Write/Pair/Share Together
Paper/Free
Write
Problem-Based
Learning Shared Jigsaw
Brainstorming Teamwork
 COLLABORATIVE/
- This are instructional approaches in which
COOPERATIVE
students work together in small groups to
LEARNING
accomplish a common learning goal

CRITICAL THINKING - This is a collection of mental activities that

include the ability to intuit, clarify, reflect,
connect, infer, and judge

Engaging students in discussion deepens their

DISCUSSION STRATEGY
learning and motivation by propelling them to
develop their own views and hear their own
voices. A good environment for the interaction
is the first step in encouraging students to talk
 This is an approach to education that focuses on
EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING “learning by doing” on the participants
subjective experience. Educator s role is to
design direct experiences that include
preparatory and reflective exercises

GAMES/ EXPERIMENTS/ This can be used nowadays and could enable

SIMULATIONS students to solve real-world problems in a
safe environment and enjoy themselves while
doing so.

HUMOR IN THE Using humor in the classroom can enhance

CLASSROOM students learning by improving understanding
and retention
LEARNER- CENTERED
It means the student is the center of learning. The
TEACHING
student assumes the responsibility for learning
while the teacher play the role of a facilitator.

Most common way of strategy wherein students get

LECTURE
the information directly from the teacher. It does not
STRATEGIES
hold the students attention for very long

SOCIAL NETWORKING
TOOLS This enables a teacher to engage students in
new and different means of communication
TEACHING WITH It present students with real life problems and enable
CASES them to apply what they have learned in the
classroom to real life situations.

It can provide an opportunity for the students to

WRITING apply critical thinking as well as help them to learn
ASSIGNMENTS subject content
STRATEGIES OF TEACHING ACCORDING TO GLORIA
SALANDANAN, et. Al.
1. INTEGRATED TEACHING USING THE THREE –
LEVEL STRATEGY

VALUES

CONCEPTS

FACTS
 2. INTEGRATED TEACHING
LEARNING STYLE – MULTIPLE
INTELLIGENCE- BASED STRATEGY

Noticing and Listening, Singing,

responding to playing
other feelings and instrument
Representing Ideas
personalities
visually,creating mental
images (drawing)
Setting goals, Musical
assessing Interpersonal
Spatial
personal
abilities/liablities,
monitoring one s 8 Multiple
thinking Intrapersonal Verbal-linguistic
Intelligences Speaking,writing,listening,
reading

Naturalists Logical - Mathematical

Identifying/classifying
living things and natural
objects
Bodily-Kinesthetic
Activities requiring strength,
speed, flexibility, hand eye
coordination, balance
Finding patterns, making
calculations, forming –
testing hypotheses using
scientific method,
inductive/deductive
reasoning
 INTELLIGENCE EXAMPLE OF CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES

Verbal Linguistic Discussions, debates,journal writing,conferences,essays,stories,poems,storytelling,listening activities, reading

Logical Mathematical Calculations, experiments,comparisons,number games, using eveidence, formulating/testing hypothesis, deductive
and inductive reasoning

Spatial Concept maps,graphs, charts, art projects,metamophorical thinking,visualization,videos,slides,visual presentations

Bodily- Kinesthetic role playing,dance, athletic activities,manipulatives,hands on demonstrations,concept miming

Musical playing music,singing,rapping,whistling,clapping,analyzing sounds and music

Interpersonal community involvement projects,discussions,cooperative learning,team games

peer tutoring,conferences,social activities, sharing

Intrapersonal student choice,journal writing,self evaluation,personal instruction,independent study,discussing feelings

reflecting

Naturalist ecological field trips, environmental study, caring for plants and animals

outdoor work, pattern recognition

 DIFFERENT LEARNING STYLES
(According to Hanson and Silver)

1. THE SENSING-THINKING (ST) or Mastery Learner

prefers to learn by
a. seeing tangible results
b. practicing what he has learned
c. following directions at a time
d. being active rather than passive
e. knowing exactly what is expected of her, how well the task must be done and why

Learns best through

DRILL
DEMONSTRATION
PRACTICE
HANDS ON EXPERIENCE

2. THE INTUITIVE THINKING (NT) or Understanding Learner)

prefers to learn by
a. studying about ideas and how things are related
b. planning and carrying out a project of his own making and interest
c. arguing or debating a point based on logical analysis
d.problem solving that requires collecting, organizing and evaluating data

Learns best through

LECTURES
READING
LOGICAL DISCUSSIONS AND DEBATES
3. THE SENSING- FEELING ( SF) Interpersonal Learner
prefers to learn by
a. studying about things that directly affect peoples lives rather than impersonal facts or theories
b.receiving personal attention and encouragement from his teachers
c. being part of a team-collaborating with other students
d. activities that help her learn about herself and how she feels about things

Learns best
through
GROUP EXPERIENCE AND PROJECTS
LOVING ATTENTION

PERSONAL EXPRESSION AND PERSONAL ENCOUNTERS

ROLE PLAYING

4. THE INTUITIVE FEELING (NF) or Self Expressive Learner

prefers to learn by

a. being creative and using his imagination

b. plannning and organizing her work in her own creative ways
c. working on a number of things at one time
d. searching for alternative solutions to problems beyond those normally considered

e. dicussing real problems and looking for real solutions

Learns best through

CREATIVE AND ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES
OPEN ENDED DISCUSSIONS OF PERSONAL AND SOCIAL VALUES
ACTIVITIES THAT ENLIGHTEN AND ENHANCE- MYTHS, HUMAN ACHIEVEMENT, DRAMAS, ETC.
3. BRAIN BASED STRATEGIES

 1. Involving Students in Real life or authentic

problem solving
-relevance and practical application of
what they have learned from school
 2. Using Projects to increase meaning and
motivations
 3.Simulations and Role Plays as meaning
makers
Brain Based- Strategies

 4.Classroom Strategies Using Visual

Processing
- Using of visual aids for learning retention and
understanding
Ex.

Venn Diagram
Graphic
Organizers for
Classification
Descriptive Pattern Organizer
(Fact storming Web)
 Time Sequence Pattern Organizer

Event
Event Event Event

Concept Pattern Organizer

Brain based strategies

 5. Songs, jingles and raps

 6. Mnemonic Strategy – assist student in
recalling important information ( ex.
Recalling number of days each month using a
rhyme)
 7. Writing Strategies- make students write
their own problem and to be solve by their
classmates or using incomplete statement
Brain based strategies

 8. Peer teaching
- Make student teach each other ( ex. Pair,
Think, Share)
- 9. Active review – instead of the teacher
conducting the review, students are given
their turn.
- 10. Hands on activities – Concrete experience
that makes long lasting neural connections.
INDIVIDUALIZED TEACHING
STRATEGIES
 1. Independent Study – students undertake
own investigation of an area of interest.They
gain insights on how to learn on their own
 2. Interest Learning Centers- it requires
allotment of space where students can
investigate, read or observe
 3. Problem Solving
 4. Journal writing
 5. Projects
Individualized Teaching
Strategy
 6. Collection- students collect materials with
instructional or aesthetic value
 7. Special reports
 8. Discovery
 9. Reading
 10. Student Research
TEACHING WITH MEDIA
STRATEGY
 1. Audio – Visual
 2. Bulletin Boards
 3. Chalkboard
 4. Charts
 5. Realia
 6.Mock up
 7. Model
 8. Picture
 9. Books
DON’T FORGET TO REMEMBER

 Positive reinforcements such as rewards and

praises, and acknowledgements to further
motivate and encourage students
participation and enthusiasm towards
learning
 Proper planning of lesson of lesson and goal
setting
 Open mindedness and Creativity
 Patience
Thank you for listening!!!!!!!!!