SOLUTION FINAL SEM 1 2018/2019

Q1 (a)

Q1(a)
1. Helical Gears have a helix angle while in spur gears there is no helix angle.
2. Helical gears are used for high speed transmission since there produce less noise as compared to
spur gears.
3. Helical Gears have high life as compared to Spur gears as in spur gear there is suddenly thrust due
to mating of teeth in short interval of time while in Helical Gears there is no such sudden mating
of single teeth as teeth mate over a range of time.
4. For mating spur gears only module of gears must be same while in Helical Gears their helix angle
must also be same.
5. Helix Gears produce radial as well as axial thrust force due to helix while in Spur Gear
only radial force is present and no axial forces are acting. So, stronger bearing must be
3marks
used with helix gears. But to overcome this there are Herringbone gears and double helix
gears also.

2marks
Q1(b)
Q2 (a) One of the type of belt drive is open belt drive

(i) What is Cross belt drive? Explain

(2 marks)
Cross type belt drive is udes with shafts arranged parallel and rotating
the same directions. The driver pulls the belt from one side and delivers
the other side. Thus the tension in the lower side belt will be more that i
upper side belt. Lower side belt is known ans tight side while upper bl
known as slack side.

(ii) Sketch the Cross belt drive diagram

(2. marks)

(b) An open belt drive connects two pulleys 1.2 m and 0.5 m diameter on parallel
shafts 3.6 m apart. The mass of belt per unit length is 0.9 kg and the maximum
tension in it is not exceeding 2 kN. The 1.2 m pulley, which is the driver, runs
at 250 rpm. Due to the belt slip on one of the pulleys, the velocity of the driven
shaft is only 500 rpm. If the coefficient of friction between the belt and the
pulley is 0.25, calculate

(i) Torque on each of the two shafts

Given: D1 = 1.2 m, D2 = 0.5 m, C = 3.6 m, m = 0.9 kg , T1 = 2000N , µ = 0.3, N1 = 250 r.p.m

,
N2= 500 r.p.m

𝜋𝐷1 𝑁1 𝜋 × 1.2 × 250

𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑒𝑙𝑡, 𝑉 = =
60 60
𝑚
= 15.70796 (1 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
𝑠
 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑇𝑐 = 𝑚𝑉 2 = 0.9 × (15.70796)2 = 222.0660 𝑁 ( 1 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

We know,

𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑇1 = 𝑇𝑡 + 𝑇𝑐

𝑇𝑡 = 𝑇1 − 𝑇𝑐 = 2000 − 222.0660 = 1777.934 𝑁 ( 1 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑒, 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝜃 = 180° − 2𝛼

𝐷1 − 𝐷2 1.2 − 0.5
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = = = 0.09722 ; 𝛼 = 5.5779°
2𝐶 2 × 3.6

𝜃 = 180° − (2 × 5.5779°) = 168.84° = 2.9468 𝑟𝑎𝑑 (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

We know

𝑇𝑡
⁄𝑇 = 𝑒 𝜇𝜃 = 𝑒 0.25 ×2.9468 = 2.0890
𝑠

𝑇𝑡 1777.934
𝑇𝑠 = = = 851.093 𝑁 (1 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)
2.0890 2.0890

𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑞𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦,

𝑇𝐿𝑃 = (𝑇𝑡 − 𝑇𝑠 )𝑟1 = (1777.934 − 851.093)0.6 = 556.1046 𝑁. 𝑚 (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑞𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦,

𝑇𝑆𝑃 = (𝑇𝑡 − 𝑇𝑠 )𝑟2 = (1777.934 − 851.093)0.25 = 231.7103 𝑁. 𝑚 (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

(ii) Power transmitted

(𝑇𝑡 − 𝑇𝑠 )𝑉 (1777.934 − 851.093)15.70796

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 = = = 14.5588 𝑘𝑊
1000 1000
(2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
 (iii) Power lost in friction

2𝜋𝑁1 𝑇𝐿𝑃 2 × 𝜋 × 250 × 556.1046

𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 , 𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = = = 14.5588 𝑘𝑊
60000 60000
( 2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)

2𝜋𝑁2 𝑇𝑆𝑃 2 × 𝜋 × 500 × 231.7103

𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 , 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = = = 12.1323𝑘𝑊
60000 60000

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 14.5588 − 12.1323 = 2.4265 𝑘𝑊

(iv) Efficiency of the drive

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 12.1323
𝜂= = = 0.832 =
𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 14.5588
83.2% (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑠)
Q3
(a)
Single plane balance, static balance
Inersia force is in same plane,
∑F –ma = 0
5 marks
Two plane balance, Dynamic balance
Balance not in same plane,
∑F = 0
∑M = 0

b)

5 marks

(i)

(ii)
By measurement, we find that the angular
setting of mass C from mass B in the anticlockwise
direction, i.e. ∠ BOC = 240° (Ans) 5 marks

and angular setting of mass D from mass B in the

anticlockwise direction, i.e.
∠ BOD = 100° (Ans)
(iii)

5 marks

Q4
Q4 (a)
(i) Static friction , If you try to slide two objects past each other, a small
amount of force will result in no motion. The force of friction is greater than
the
4 marks
applied force.
(ii) Kinetic friction, If you apply a little more force, the object "breaks free"
and slides, although you still need to apply force to keep the object sliding. You
do not need to apply quite as much force to keep the object sliding as you
needed
to originally break free of static friction.

4 marks
 2 marks

2 marks

4 marks

Q4(iii)

4 marks
Q5